Epidemiology Commons^™

Defisiensi Riboflavin Dan Demensia Pada Usia Lanjut, Idral Purnakarya

Kesmas

Demensia Alzheimer menempati urutan kesembilan penyebab kematian di Amerika Serikat. Demensia adalah kondisi yang sering dialami yang berhubungan dengan berbagai faktor dan gaya hidup terutama diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan defisiensi asupan riboflavin (vitamin B12) dengan demensia pada usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dan dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2007 sampai dengan Januari 2008. Sampel penelitian adalah 141 lansia berumur lebih dari sama dengan 60 tahun yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Demensia diukur menggunakan kuesioner MMSE (² 24, skor maksimum 30) dan asupan riboflavin diukur menggunakan form Semi Quantitative – FFQ. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan …

Instrumen Pengukuran Kualitas Hidup Anak Terinfeksi Hiv, Toha Muhaimin, Budi Utomo, Dharmayati B. Utoyo, Nia Kurniati, Triyanti Anugrahini, Enny Zuliatie

Kesmas

Anak penderita Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) di Indonesia memperlihatkan tren yang semakin meningkat karena meningkatnya proporsi perempuan terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Pertimbangan pada dampak besar yang dihadapi anak penderita HIV mendorong kebutuhan pengembangan instrumen khusus untuk mengukur kualitas hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan instrumen kualitas hidup anak penderita AIDS dengan memodifikasi instrumen yang ada sesuai dengan konteks Indonesia. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan hasil bahwa instrumen yang dikembangkan mempunyai reliabilitas yang cukup baik pada balita dan anak usia 5 – 11 tahun. Nilai reliabilitas (Cronbach’s Alpha) balita, domain fungsi fisik, fungsi sosial, dan gejala HIV masing masing adalah 0,71; …

Obesitas Pada Pekerja Minyak Dan Gas, Dilla Christina, Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika

Kesmas

Beberapa tahun terakhir angka obesitas di Indonesia cenderung meningkat. Obesitas terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan antara asupan dan output energi dalam jangka waktu cukup lama. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian obesitas pada pekerja on shore di perusahaan minyak dan gas. Desain penelitian ini adalah studi cross sectional. Sampel yang diteliti adalah seluruh pekerja on shore (laki-laki maupun perempuan) berusia 35 – 55 tahun yang sesuai dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi yang telah ditetapkan (n = 378). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas (IMT ³ 25 kg/m2) pada pekerja on-shore sebesar 49,5%. Variabel umur, tingkat pendidikan, status pegawai, …

Political Competition, Relative Deprivation, And Perceived Threat: A Research Note On Anti- Christian Violence In India, Chad Bauman, Tamara Leech

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

A preliminary subnational statistical analysis of violence against Christians in contemporary India, this article suggests that whereas the data provide very little support for simple, demographic explanations of this violence, they do more robustly support theories emphasizing the relative status of ethnic and religious minorities (vis-à-vis majorities) and the perception, among Hindus, that Christians (and other minorities) represent a threat to their numerical, political and economic strength.

Flexible Distributed Lag Models Using Random Functions With Application To Estimating Mortality Displacement From Heat-Related Deaths, Roger D. Peng

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

No abstract provided.

Components Of The Indirect Effect In Vaccine Trials: Identification Of Contagion And Infectiousness Effects, Tyler J. Vanderweele, Eric J. Tchetgen, M. Elizabeth Halloran

COBRA Preprint Series

Vaccination of one person may prevent the infection of another either because (i) the vaccine prevents the first from being infected and from infecting the second or because (ii) even if the first person is infected, the vaccine may render the infection less infectious. We might refer to the first of these mechanisms as a contagion effect and the second as an infectiousness effect. In this paper, for the simple setting of a randomized vaccine trial with households of size two, we use counterfactual theory under interference to provide formal definitions of a contagion effect and an infectiousness effect. Using …

On The Definition Of A Confounder, Tyler J. Vanderweele, Ilya Shpitser

COBRA Preprint Series

The causal inference literature has provided a clear formal definition of confounding expressed in terms of counterfactual independence. The causal inference literature has not, however, produced a clear formal definition of a confounder, as it has given priority to the concept of confounding over that of a confounder. We consider a number of candidate definitions arising from various more informal statements made in the literature. We consider the properties satisfied by each candidate definition, principally focusing on (i) whether under the candidate definition control for all "confounders" suffices to control for "confounding" and (ii) whether each confounder in some context …

Spatio-Temporal Modeling Of Arthropod-Borne Zoonotic Diseases: A Proposed Methodology To Enhance Macro-Scale Analyses, Stephen Jones

All Dissertations

Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from or through animals to humans, and arthropods often act as vectors for transmission. Emerging infectious diseases have been increasing both in prevalence and geographic range at alarming rates the last 30 years, and the majority of these diseases are zoonotic in nature. Many zoonotic diseases are considered notifiable by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, though state regulations or contractual obligations may require the reporting of certain diseases, significant underreporting is known to exist. Because of the rich volume of information captured in health insurance plan databases, …

Spatial Distribution Of Obesity Among West Virginia 5th Grade Children: Analysis Of The Socioeconomic, Physical, And Personal Environment, Sherry Roper

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Childhood obesity defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex, is considered an epidemic in the United States. Biology and lifestyle behaviors have been identified as important factors in the development of childhood obesity; however, researchers are beginning to place more emphasis upon the impact that continual environmental exposures have upon obesity development. Environmental risk factors associated with obesity are distributed continuously over space, yet evidence suggests that burden of risk may not be evenly dispersed across a community. West Virginia (WV), a rural Appalachian community has …

Evaluation Of The Pilot Program, Pediatric Early Warning Sentinel Surveillance Program (Pewss), And Its Efficacy In Monitoring Pediatric Illness In Clark County, Nevada, Michelle Lee Lutman

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The influenza outbreak that occurred during 2009 stimulated the formation of several surveillance programs throughout the country. The majority monitor only influenza; however, there are several other circulating respiratory pathogens, especially within the pediatric community. These other respiratory pathogens cause a variety of illnesses, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, croup, etc. Prior research has provided the medical community with valuable information about respiratory illnesses, especially those which afflict pediatric patients. Areas of knowledge including seasonality, demographics, signs and symptoms, prevention measures, and pathogenicity, have been greatly expanded over the years. This information has been of tremendous help to the medical community …

A Comparative Study Of Indicator Bacteria Present In Ice And Soda From Las Vegas Food Establishments, Kimberly Jo Hertin

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Microbial analysis has long been used as an indicator of water quality. Since the passing of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974, microbial standards have been strictly set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to ensure that the public health is protected from bacterial pathogens. The bacteriological quality of water generally deteriorates as it travels from water treatment facilities through the main distribution system and into private plumbing and distribution systems. For example, Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) values typically increase once the water has entered plumbing devices such as beverage vending machines. Upon reaching a private facility, the opportunity …

Analysis Of The Morbidity And Mortality Of Severe Influenza Infection In Clark County, Nevada For The 2010--2011 Influenza Season, Kindra Maureen St. Jacques

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Influenza circulates in the community in a fairly predictable manner each year; however, throughout the duration of any influenza season, influenza strains have the ability to evolve through antigenic mutations, viral reassortment, development of anti-viral resistance, and alterations in virulence. These changes are likely to cause illness among the unimmunized and can result in severe illness or death. Therefore, it is especially important to closely monitor severe influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths. The University of Nevada, Las Vegas in collaboration with the Southern Nevada Health District (SNHD), Office of Epidemiology (OOE) analyzed data from the severe hospitalized influenza morbidity and mortality …

Exploration And Comparison Of Methods For Combining Population- And Family-Based Genetic Association Using The Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 Mini-Exome, David W. Fardo, Anthony R. Druen, Jinze Liu, Lucia Mirea, Claire Infante-Rivard, Patrick Breheny

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

We examine the performance of various methods for combining family- and population-based genetic association data. Several approaches have been proposed for situations in which information is collected from both a subset of unrelated subjects and a subset of family members. Analyzing these samples separately is known to be inefficient, and it is important to determine the scenarios for which differing methods perform well. Others have investigated this question; however, no extensive simulations have been conducted, nor have these methods been applied to mini-exome-style data such as that provided by Genetic Analysis Workshop 17. We quantify the empirical power and false-positive …

Assessing Association For Bivariate Survival Data With Interval Sampling: A Copula Model Approach With Application To Aids Study, Hong Zhu, Mei-Cheng Wang

Johns Hopkins University, Dept. of Biostatistics Working Papers

In disease surveillance systems or registries, bivariate survival data are typically collected under interval sampling. It refers to a situation when entry into a registry is at the time of the first failure event (e.g., HIV infection) within a calendar time interval, the time of the initiating event (e.g., birth) is retrospectively identified for all the cases in the registry, and subsequently the second failure event (e.g., death) is observed during the follow-up. Sampling bias is induced due to the selection process that the data are collected conditioning on the first failure event occurs within a time interval. Consequently, the …

An Examination Of Diet, Acculturation And Risk Factors For Heart Disease Among Jamaican Immigrants, Carol Renee Oladele

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Background: The South Florida region is home to over 85,000 Jamaican immigrants. Yet, little is known about the dietary intakes and predictors of risk of disease within this immigrant group. An assessment of dietary intakes and the development of dietary intake methodologies specific to the Jamaican population was important as it permitted accurate estimation of the nutrient intakes of this immigrant population whose dietary habits are not well documented. In addition, nothing is known about the prevalence of risk factors for heart disease or factors influencing risk factors among this immigrant group. The purpose of this study was to assess …

Large-Scale Use Of Mosquito Larval Source Management For Malaria Control In Africa: A Cost Analysis, Eve Worrall, Ulrike Fillinger

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Background: At present, large-scale use of two malaria vector control methods, long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) is being scaled up in Africa with substantial funding from donors. A third vector control method, larval source management (LSM), has been historically very successful and is today widely used for mosquito control globally, except in Africa. With increasing risk of insecticide resistance and a shift to more exophilic vectors, LSM is now under re-evaluation for use against afro-tropical vector species. Here the costs of this intervention were evaluated. Methods. The 'ingredients approach' was used to estimate the economic and …

Characterization Of Street Food Consumption In Palermo: Possible Effects On Health, Silvio Buscemi, Annamaria Barile, Vincenza Maniaci, John A. Batsis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Street Food (SF) consists of out-of-home food consumption and has old, historical roots with complex social-economic and cultural implications. Despite the emergence of modern fast food, traditional SF persists worldwide, but the relationship of SF consumption with overall health, well-being, and obesity is unknown.

Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The study was performed in Palermo, the largest town of Sicily, Italy. Two groups were identified: consumers of SF (n = 687) and conventional restaurant food (RES) consumers (n = 315). Study subjects answered a questionnaire concerning their health conditions, nutritional preferences, frequency of consumption of SF and …

Prevalensi Dan Determinan Sindrom Metabolik Pada Kelompok Eksekutif Di Jakarta Dan Sekitarnya, Sudijanto Kamso, Purwantyastuti Purwantyastuti, Dharmayati Utoyo Lubis, Ratna Juwita, Yull Kurnia Robbi, Besral Besral

Kesmas

Data tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif di Indonesia yang diperlukan untuk upaya pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta dan sekitarnya dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah responden yaitu 220 orang eksekutif laki-laki dan 68 orang eksekutif wanita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri, analisis biokimia darah, analisis asupan makanan, pengukuran angka stres, dan pengukuran indeks aktivitas. Analisis regresi logistik ganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan beberapa independen variabel dengan dependen variabel. Analisis ini menghasilkan indeks massa tubuh (overweight, odds ratio …

Depicting Estimates Using The Intercept In Meta-Regression Models: The Moving Constant Technique, Blair T. Johnson Dr., Tania B. Huedo-Medina Dr.

CHIP Documents

In any scientific discipline, the ability to portray research patterns graphically often aids greatly in interpreting a phenomenon. In part to depict phenomena, the statistics and capabilities of meta-analytic models have grown increasingly sophisticated. Accordingly, this article details how to move the constant in weighted meta-analysis regression models (viz. “meta-regression”) to illuminate the patterns in such models across a range of complexities. Although it is commonly ignored in practice, the constant (or intercept) in such models can be indispensible when it is not relegated to its usual static role. The moving constant technique makes possible estimates and confidence intervals at …

Heterogeneity And Data Analysis, Peter J. Taylor

Working Papers on Science in a Changing World

This working paper is a discussion paper for a September 2011 meeting of the research group of Prof. Di Cook on data visualization and exploratory data analysis at Iowa State University. A taxonomy of eleven kinds of heterogeneity is presented, followed by a set of vignettes that illustrate some of the meanings and sketch some implications, then a series of images that illustrate the heterogeneities. Several of the vignettes speak to a broad contention about heterogeneity and control: In relation to modern understandings of heredity and development over the life course, research and application of resulting knowledge are untroubled by …