Epidemiology Commons^™

Risk Factors For Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder In A Nationally Representative Sample, Graig Charles Defeo

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The public use version of the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication (NCS-R) dataset was used (N = 995) to investigate risk factors for recurrent major depressive disorder (MDD) that are evident before recovery from the first major depressive episode (MDE) by comparing persons diagnosed with MDD who experienced a single MDE to persons with recurrent MDD.

Multiple logistic regression analyses assessed the independent risk of recurrent MDD for each of the following risk factors: an early age of onset (old), absence of a life stress trigger, chronic first episode, childhood parental loss, parental maltreatment, parental depression, comorbid anxiety disorder, and …

Sofas And Infant Mortality., Lauren R. Rechtman, Jeffrey D. Colvin, Peter S. Blair, Rachel Y. Moon

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Sleeping on sofas increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome and other sleep-related deaths. We sought to describe factors associated with infant deaths on sofas.

METHODS: We analyzed data for infant deaths on sofas from 24 states in 2004 to 2012 in the National Center for the Review and Prevention of Child Deaths Case Reporting System database. Demographic and environmental data for deaths on sofas were compared with data for sleep-related infant deaths in other locations, using bivariate and multivariable, multinomial logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 1024 deaths on sofas made up 12.9% of sleep-related infant …

Antiretroviral Therapy Enrollment Characteristics And Outcomes Among Hiv-Infected Adolescents And Young Adults Compared With Older Adults — Seven African Countries, 2004–2013, Andrew F. Auld, Simon G. Agolory, Ray W. Shiraishi, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Gideon Kwesigabo, Modest Mulenga, Sebastian Hachizovu, Emeka Asadu, Moise Zanga Tuho, Virginie Ettiegne-Traore, Francisco Mbofana, Velephi Okello, Charles Azih, Julie A. Denison, Sharon Tsui, Olivier Koole, Harrison Kamiru, Harriet Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Charity Alfredo, Kebba Jobarteh, Solomon Odafe, Dennis Onotu, Kunomboa A. Ekra, Joseph S. Kouakou, Peter Ehrenkranz, George Bicego, Kwasi Torpey, Ya Diul Mukadi, Eric Van Praag, Joris Menten, Timothy Mastro, Carol Dukes Hamilton, Mahesh Swaminathan, E. Kainne Dokubo, Andrew L. Baughman, Thomas Spira, Robert Colebunders, David R. Bangsberg, Richard Marlink, Aaron Zee, Jonathan Kaplan, Tedd V. Ellerbrock

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2005 has contributed to a decline of about 30% in the global annual number of human immunodeficiency (HIV)–related deaths and declines in global HIV incidence, estimated annual HIV-related deaths among adolescents have increased by about 50%, and estimated adolescent HIV incidence has been relatively stable. In 2012, an estimated 2,500 (40%) of all 6,300 daily new HIV infections occurred among persons aged 15–24 years. Difficulty enrolling adolescents and young adults in ART and high rates of loss to follow-up (LTFU) after ART initiation might be contributing to mortality and HIV incidence in this …

Applications Of The Wei-Lachin Multivariate One-Sided Test For Multiple Outcomes On Possibly Different Scales, John M. Lachin

GW Biostatistics Center

Many studies aim to assess whether a therapy has a beneficial effect on multiple outcomes simultaneously relative to a control. Often the joint null hypothesis of no difference for the set of outcomes is tested using separate tests with a correction for multiple tests, or using a multivariate T2-like MANOVA or global test. However, a more powerful test in this case is a multivariate one-sided or one-directional test directed at detecting a simultaneous beneficial treatment effect on each outcome, though not necessarily of the same magnitude. The Wei-Lachin test is a simple 1 df test obtained from a simple …

Hiv Testing Implementation In Two Urban Cities: Practice, Policy And Perceived Barriers, Camden J. Hallmark, Jennifer Skillicorn, Thomas P. Giordano, Jessica A. Davila, Marlene Mcneese, Nestor Rocha, Avemaria Smith, Stacey Cooper, Amanda D. Castel

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

Background

Although funding has supported the scale up of routine, opt-out HIV testing in the US, variance in implementation mechanisms and barriers in high-burden jurisdictions remains unknown.

Methods

We conducted a survey of health care organizations in Washington, DC and Houston/Harris County to determine number of HIV tests completed in 2011, policy and practices associated with HIV testing, funding mechanisms, and reported barriers to testing in each jurisdiction and to compare results between jurisdictions.

Results

In 2012, 43 Houston and 35 DC HIV-testing organizations participated in the survey. Participants represented 85% of Department of Health-supported testers in DC and 90% …

Systematic Review Of Potential Health Risks Posed By Pharmaceutical, Occupational And Consumer Exposures To Metallic And Nanoscale Aluminum, Aluminum Oxides, Aluminum Hydroxide And Its Soluble Salts, Calvin C. Willhite, Nataliya A. Karyakina, Robert A. Yokel, Nagarajkumar Yenugadhati, Thomas M. Wisniewski, Ian M. F. Arnold, Franco Momoli, Daniel Krewski

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Aluminum (Al) is a ubiquitous substance encountered both naturally (as the third most abundant element) and intentionally (used in water, foods, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines); it is also present in ambient and occupational airborne particulates. Existing data underscore the importance of Al physical and chemical forms in relation to its uptake, accumulation, and systemic bioavailability. The present review represents a systematic examination of the peer-reviewed literature on the adverse health effects of Al materials published since a previous critical evaluation compiled by Krewski et al. (2007).

Challenges encountered in carrying out the present review reflected the experimental use of different physical …

Structured Deterministic Models Applied To Malaria And Other Endemic Diseases, Katia Patricia Vogt Geisse

Open Access Dissertations

This thesis includes modeling studies on three structured deterministic models. These models are used to study the disease dynamics of malaria or the joint disease dynamics of HIV and HSV-2. Each of the models includes multiple components containing individuals in various epidemiological classes for the purpose of addressing questions that are of interests to biologists and epidemiologists. Some of the compartments have a continuous age-structure, which is necessary for studying the specific biological questions under investigation.^ In Chapter 2 a chronological-age structured deterministic model for malaria is presented. The model includes the human and mosquito populations with the human population …

Intra- And Intergenerational Effects Of Migration And The Role Of The Psychosocial Environment In The Development Of Perinatal Depression, Hannah R. Simons

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Background: Perinatal depression is a significant public health issue that affects women and their families. Studies conducted outside of the United States (US) have found a higher prevalence of perinatal depression in immigrant compared to native-born women. US studies have been less consistent but have relied on convenience samples and lacked appropriate comparison groups.

Objectives: To characterize the relationship between migration to the US and risk for perinatal depressive symptomatology and to examine the role of the post-migration psychosocial environment on the occurrence of perinatal depressive symptoms.

Methods: The dissertation used two data sources, the NYC Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring …

International Occupational Health Research On An "Invisible" Workforce, Martin D. Slade, Rafael Lefkowitz

Yale Day of Data

There are many professions in which employees are located in remote locations. International maritime workers make up one such occupation. They are a vulnerable, underserved and neglected population of approximately 1.2 million people with high rates of disease and injury. During their typical nine month deployments, they live in relative isolation with no health care professional on board. To understand the root causes of disease and injury among this remote workforce, strategies to collect information, analyze data, and report results and recommendations have been developed. These strategies, which include gathering of data through an alliance of companies involved in seafaring, …

Stratified Meta-Analysis To Examine Data Biases In Lung Cancer Studies Of Refinery Workers, Sherman Selix

Yale Day of Data

Petroleum refineries employ a variety of workers who historically experienced different potentials for asbestos exposure depending on job tasks. Associations between petroleum refinery work and lung cancer related to occupational asbestos exposure have been quantified among various locations, corporations, and time periods. To combine the data from several individual refinery studies and examine an overall effect, a systematic review and stratified meta-analysis was employed. Using set search terms among four databases, 112 potential publications were identified, of which 29 qualified for meta-analysis. Risk estimates and confidence intervals were extracted from these publications to construct four separate datasets. Inverse variance weighting …

Epidemiology News, Georgia Southern University

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Dr. Tarasenko named Exceptional Reviewer
• Parental Perceptions

Penelitian Genom Dan Implikasinya Dalam Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Indonesia, Doni Hikmat Ramdhan

Kesmas

Penelitian genom yang mengkaji kaitan antara setiap gen dengan suatu penyakit sekaligus mekanismenya untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan yang menyeluruh dalam pengobatan, telah membawa perubahan besar dunia kedokteran dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit. Namun demikian, penelitian genom seharusnya tidak hanya dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan tetapi juga untuk pencegahan penyakit. Artikel ini membahas masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan peluang pemanfaatan penelitian genom dalam pencegahan penyakit. Penelitian genom yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada bidang kesehatan masyarakat adalah toksikogenomik dan nutrigenomik. Penelitian toksikogenomik mengkaji respons gen akibat pajanan toksikan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian nutrigenomik mengkaji respons gen terhadap makanan yang berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Penelitian toksikogenomik dan …

Fertilitas Remaja Di Indonesia, Mugia Bayu Raharja

Kesmas

Fertilitas remaja merupakan isu penting dari segi kesehatan dan sosial karena berhubungan dengan tingkat morbiditas serta mortalitas ibu dan anak. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi fertilitas remaja di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2012 dengan unit analisis wanita usia subur yang termasuk dalam kategori usia remaja (15 - 19 tahun). Jumlah sampel sebanyak 6.927 responden. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan model regresi logistik biner. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa satu dari sepuluh remaja wanita tersebut pernah melahirkan dan atau sedang hamil saat survei dilakukan; sebesar 95,2% dari remaja yang …

Pengaruh Pendekatan Child Healthcare Modeldan Transtheoretical Model Terhadap Asupan Makan Anak Overweight Dan Obesitas, Kadek Ayu Erika, Elly Nurachmah

Kesmas

Overweight dan obesitas pada anak merupakan suatu masalah yang kompleks disebabkan multifaktor, yaitu interaksi genetik dan lingkungan. Gaya hidup perkotaan dipicu oleh asupan makanan yang berlebih pada anak overweight dan obesitas. Strategi untuk menurunkan asupan makan berlebih pada anak adalah dengan pendekatan child healthcare model dan transtheoretical model sehingga dapat mengendalikan gaya hidup anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh pendekatan child healthcare dan transtheoretical model terhadap asupan karbohidrat anak overweight dan obesitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah kecamatan Biringkanaya dan Tamalanrea, Makassar, pada bulan Agustus 2013 sampai Maret 2014. Desain yang digunakan adalah quasy experiment yaitu pretest and posttest with …

Tingkat Pengetahuan Dan Persepsi Terhadap Shisha Pada Mahasiswa, Dhimas Nirwana Yudha, Yayi Suryo Prabandari, Purwanta Purwanta

Kesmas

Isu yang berkembang terkait pengetahuan dan persepsi seorang calon tenaga kesehatan memengaruhi keberhasilan pelayanan kesehatan dalam menjawab tantangan di masyarakat nantinya. Shisha (rokok dari Timur Tengah) mulai marak di Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang tingkat pengetahuan dan persepsi terhadap shisha pada mahasiswa reguler tahap akademik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif menggunakan rancangan potong lintang. Sampel penelitian adalah mahasiswa dari tiga program studi yang dilakukan pada bulan September - Oktober 2013. Jumlah responden sebanyak 72 mahasiswa ilmu keperawatan, 74 mahasiswa gizi dan kesehatan dan 258 mahasiswa pendidikan dokter. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner. …

Pattern Of Household Drug Storage, Retno Gitawati

Kesmas

Household storage of pharmaceutical is world-widely practice, including in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to obtain the pattern of medicine storage, the sources and reasons of medicine kept in households. Acrosssectional survey was conducted on October 2011, involving 250 adult household respondents, randomly selected from three subdistricts in North Jakarta, and have approved the written consents, and interviewed with structured questionnaire. Data were performed in univariate and bivariate analysis with chi square test. The majority of household (82%) stored drugs at home; analgesic-antipyretic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory was the type of drugs kept by mostly (76.1%) of household. Out of …

Diagnosis Dini Tuberkulosis Pada Kontak Serumah Dengan Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru Melalui Deteksi Kadar Ifn-Γ, Sri Andarini Indreswari, Suharyo Suharyo

Kesmas

Tuberkulosis paru masih merupakan masalah dunia. Indonesia menempati peringkat ke tiga di dunia pada tahun 2012. Target nasional Case Detection Rate tahun 2012 adalah 70%, sedangkan pencapaian Jawa Tengah sebesar 58,48%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh batas kadar interferon (IFN) γ pada orang kontak serumah dengan penderita tuberkulosis paru sebagai dasar diagnosis dini penyakit tuberkulosis. Penelitian dilakukan secara kohort selama dua tahun (2011 - 2013) di Balai Kesehatan Masyarakat Paru Semarang. Pada akhir penelitian, terdapat 12 responden kontak dan 13 tidak kontak serumah. Uji Wilcoxon menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna rerata kadar IFN-γ antara kelompok kontak dengan kelompok tidak kontak serumah (nilai …

Peningkatan Determinan Sosial Dalam Menurunkan Kejadian Tuberkulosis Paru, Dyah Wulan Sumekar Rengganis Wardani

Kesmas

Upaya pengendalian tuberkulosis paru oleh World Health Organization telah meningkatkan angka kesembuhan dan menyelamatkan banyak jiwa, tetapi kurang berhasil dalam menurunkan insiden tuberkulosis. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian tuberkulosis akan lebih menekankan pada kebijakan determinan sosial karena determinan sosial secara langsung maupun melalui faktor risiko tuberkulosis berpengaruh terhadap tuberkulosis. Di Bandar Lampung, angka notifikasi tuberkulosis dari tahun 2009 – 2010 mengalami peningkatan walaupun angka kesembuhan sudah lebih dari 85%. Bandar Lampung juga merupakan bagian dari salah satu provinsi termiskin di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh determinan sosial (yang diukur melalui indikator pendidikan, pendapatan dan kelas sosial) terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis. …

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anak Usia 3-24 Bulan Di Daerah Konflik, Hastuti Usman, Hadyana Sukandar, Ma’Mun Sutisna

Kesmas

Lima tahun pertama adalah masa penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang anak. Anak lahir dan tinggal di daerah rawan bencana (bencana alam, perang, atau konflik bersenjata) berisiko mengalami kegagalan pertumbuhan dan keterlambatan perkembangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak usia 3 - 24 bulan antara yang tinggal di daerah konflik dan bukan konflik dan menganalisis korelasi tempat tinggal daerah konflik dengan pertumbuhan serta perkembangan anak usia 3 - 24 bulan. Metode penelitian secara potong lintang dilakukan di Kabupaten Poso periode Februari - Maret 2014 terhadap 40 anak usia 3 - 24 bulan di daerah konflik dan bukan konflik. …

Malnutrisi Akut Berat Dan Determinannya Pada Balita Di Wilayah Rural Dan Urban, Titih Huriah, Laksono Trisnantoro, Fitri Haryanti, Madarina Julia

Kesmas

Malnutrisi akut berat merupakan malnutrisi yang paling serius yang memengaruhi balita dan merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di negara-negara berkembang. Malnutrisi telah meluas baik di perkotaan maupun perdesaan. Akar permasalahan malnutrisi di negara berkembang salah satunya adalah faktor sosial demografi. Tujuan penelitian untuk melihat perbedaan kejadian malnutrisi dan determinannya di area perkotaan dan pedesaan di Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan responden adalah semua balita malnutrisi akut berat di Kabupaten Sleman (23 balita) dan Kota Yogyakarta (33 balita). Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Desember 2012 - Februari 2013. Prevalensi balita malnutrisi akut lebih banyak …