Epidemiology Commons^™

Exploring H.Pylori Seropositivity As A Risk Factor For Type 2 Diabetes, Virginia Chaidez, Yumou Qiu

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: In the US, the percentage of adults with diagnosed diabetes are higher in members of racial and ethnic minority groups compared to non-Latino Whites. Understanding why such disparities exist has been less forthcoming.

Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 cross-sectional data.

Results: H.pylori seropositivity was highest in Mexican Americans (43.7%), lowest in non-Hispanic Whites (18.1%). Diabetes was highest in non-Hispanic Blacks (5.9%); lowest in non-Hispanic whites (4.3%). H.pylori seropositivity was associated with greater likelihood of having type 2 diabetes (1.927, 95% CI 1.142, 3.257) compared to H.pylori negative in …

Human Papillomavirus Infections In The Southern And Other United States Regions, Dudith Pierre-Victor, Mary Jo Trepka, Dionne Stephens, Tan Li, Timothy Page, Purnima Madhivanan

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide and has been linked to several cancers, including cervical cancer. In the United States, the Southern region has a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer, and research about the epidemiology of HPV in the region is scarce. This study estimates the prevalence and correlates of HPV infection among 14–59 year-old females.

Data from 4,250 females aged 14–59 years collected during the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used. We estimated the prevalence of HPV infection for the South and the rest of the country. We performed …

Post-Diagnosis Quality Of Life And Mortality In Non-Hispanic White And Hispanic Women Diagnosed With Invasive Breast Cancer., Delvon T. Mattingly

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The prevalence of breast cancer is increasing, and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of breast cancer survivors may help to further understand survivorship. This study evaluated HRQOL as a potential prognostic factor for mortality among Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Hispanic women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Data were used from the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study. Data for 351 participants were analyzed for associations between HRQOL scores (subscale, component) and mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to assess the relationship between HRQOL and mortality outcomes (all-cause, breast cancer-specific, non-cancer). Median follow-up time from HRQOL assessment (approximately …

Coal Ash Exposure And Behavioral Impairments Among Children In Louisville, Kentucky., Chisom Nmesoma Odoh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Coal ash, generated from the combustion of coal is principally made up of fly ash, which consists of small particles and metals that can affect the development of children. Coal ash is predominately stored in landfills and surface impoundments, of which many are in proximity to residential areas. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, 25% of residents in proximity to electric power plants are children. Few studies have reported a positive association between coal ash and its by-products and neurobehavioral disorders. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between coal ash and its components and …

Changing Neighborhoods And Residents’ Health Perceptions: The Heart Healthy Hoods Qualitative Study, Paloma Conde, Marta Gutiérrez, Maria Sandin, Julia Díez, Luisa N. Borrell, Jesús Rivera-Navarro, Manuel Franco

Publications and Research

Cities, and therefore neighborhoods, are under constant change. Neighborhood changes may affect residents’ health in multiple ways. The Heart Healthy Hoods (HHH) project studies the association between neighborhood and residents’ health. Focusing on a middle–low-socioeconomic neighborhood in Madrid (Spain), our aim was to describe qualitatively its residents’ perceptions on the urban changes and their impacts on health. We designed a qualitative study using 16 semi-structured interviews including adult residents and professionals living or working in the area. Firstly, we described the perceived main social and neighborhood changes. Secondly, we studied how these neighborhood changes connected to residents’ health perceptions. Perceived …

Design, Development And Construct Validation Of The Children’S Dietary Inflammatory Index, Samira Khan, Micheal D. Wirth, Andrew Ortaglia, Christian R. Alvarado, Nitin Shivappa, Thomas Hurley, James R. Hébert

Faculty Publications

Objective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a reference database for computing C-DII scores based on consumption of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and whole foods. Construct validation was performed using quantile regression to assess the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and C-DII scores. Data Sources: All data used for construct validation were obtained from children between six and 14 years of age (n = 3300) who participated in …

Workers Compensation-Reported Injuries Among Security And Law Enforcement Personnel In The Private Versus Public Sectors, W. S. Witt, Terry L. Bunn, Svetla Slavova

Kentucky Injury Prevention and Research Center Faculty Publications

Background: Private and Public security and law enforcement (SLE) sectors perform multiple overlapping job duties.

Methods: Workers’ compensation (WC) SLE first reports of injury (FROI) data (2005–2015) were analyzed to describe injuries, identify differences in awarded WC benefits, and compare the probability of a FROI resulting in awarded benefits between Public and Private SLE. A Pearson’s chi-square test was utilized and reverse selection logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratio that a FROI would result in an awarded benefit for Private vs. Public SLE, while adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results: Private SLE had higher FROI percentages for younger …

Epigenomics And Metabolomics Reveal The Mechanism Of The Apoa2-Saturated Fat Intake Interaction Affecting Obesity, Chao-Qiang Lai, Caren E. Smith, Laurence D. Parnell, Yu-Chi Lee, Dolores Corella, Paul Hopkins, Bertha A. Hidalgo, Stella Aslibekyan, Michael A. Province, Devin Absher, Donna K. Arnett, Katherine L. Tucker, Jose M. Ordovas

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: The putative functional variant −265T > C (rs5082) within the APOA2 promoter has shown consistent interactions with saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake to influence the risk of obesity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to implement an integrative approach to characterize the molecular basis of this interaction.

Design: We conducted an epigenome-wide scan on 80 participants carrying either the rs5082 CC or TT genotypes and consuming either a low-SFA (< 22 g/d) or high-SFA diet (≥ 22 g/d), matched for age, sex, BMI, and diabetes status in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS). We then validated the findings in selected participants in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study (n = 379) and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) (n = 243). Transcription and metabolomics analyses were conducted to determine the relation between epigenetic status, APOA2 mRNA expression, …

Surgical And Medical Applications Of Drones: A Comprehensive Review, James C. Rosser, Vudatha Vignesh, Brent A. Terwilliger, Brett C. Parker

Publications

Background: Drones have the ability to gather real time data cost effectively, to deliver payloads and have initiated the rapid evolution of many industrial, commercial, and recreational applications. Unfortunately, there has been a slower expansion in the field of medicine. This article provides a comprehensive review of current and future drone applications in medicine, in hopes of empowering and inspiring more aggressive investigation. Database: A literature search was performed by EBSCO (Elton B. Stephens Company) Discovery Service, searching the phrases "drones," "UAV," "unmanned aerial vehicles," "UAS," and "unmanned aerial systems." A second search was used to identify sources that contained …

Surgical And Medical Applications Of Drones: A Comprehensive Review, Brent Terwilliger, James C. Rosser Jr., Vudatha Vignesh, Brett C. Parker

Publications

Drones have the ability to gather real time data cost effectively, to deliver payloads and have initiated the rapid evolution of many industrial, commercial, and recreational applications. Unfortunately, there has been a slower expansion in the field of medicine. This article provides a comprehensive review of current and future drone applications in medicine, in hopes of empowering and inspiring more aggressive investigation.

Understanding Relationships Between Early Life Toxic Stress, Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage, And Allostatic Load In Adolescence, Amanda King

Dissertations (1934 -)

Chronic disease prevalence among children and adolescents is rising, which is thought to result in part from elevations in allostatic load (AL). AL is the cumulative physiological dysregulation that results from exposure to biological, social and environmental stressors over time. Socioeconomic disparities in chronic disease and AL have been well-documented in adult populations, including links between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage (CSD) and AL, yet little is known as to whether CSD may begin to impact AL earlier in life. Differential exposure and vulnerability to stress among racial/ethnic minorities may increase risk for elevated AL among those experiencing CSD. Framed by the …

Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Kejadian Luar Biasa (Klb) Hepatitis A Di Kabupaten Tangerang Tahun 2016, Nenden Hikmah Laila, Renti Mahkota, Elvieda Sariwati, Dwi Agus Setiabudi

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Hepatitis A adalah penyakit hati akibat virus hepatitis A yang dapat menyebabkan kesakitan ringan sampai berat. Di Indonesia Hepatitis A sering muncul dalam Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB). Tahun 2014 tercatat 3 Provinsi dan 4 Kabupaten terjadi KLB dengan jumlah penderita 282. Penyelidikan epidemiologi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran KLB dan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko KLB Hepatitis A di Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2016. Desain studi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah desain kasus kontrol. Penyelidikan dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2016 di Kabupaten Tengerang. Besar sampel yaitu 44 kasus dan kontrol sebanyak 95. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penyelidikan ini berupa data primer dan …

Evaluasi Metode Genexpert Mtb/Rif Dengan Sampel Raw Sputum Untuk Mendeteksi Tuberkulosis Paru, Tri Nugraha Susilawati, Leli Saptawati, Kusmadewi Eka Damayanti, Riska Larasati

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia dan dunia. Tantangan utama dalam mendiagnosis TB secara konvensional yaitu rendahnya sensitivitas deteksi pada pemeriksaan mikroskopis dan lamanya waktu yang diperlukan untuk kultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi metode GeneXpert MTB/RIF untuk mendeteksiMycobacterium tuberculosis dengan sampel dahak langsung di RSUD Dr. Moewardi (RSDM), Surakarta. Analisis observasional dengan pendekatan kohort retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder hasil pemeriksaan GeneXpert MTB/RIF pada sampel dahak langsung di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSDM pada tahun 2012 2015. Sampel didapatkan dari pasien yang memenuhi kriteria suspek multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) dan sampel tersebut telah dikultur di Balai …

Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Berisiko Dengan Obesitas Sentral Pada Wanita Usia 25-65 Tahun Di Bogor Tahun 2011-2012, Fara Irdini Azkia, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Perubahan pola makan diketahui merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengendalikan obesitas dan penyakit kronis lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pola konsumsi makanan berisiko dengan obesitas sentral pada wanita usia 25-65 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan data baseline Studi Kohort PTM tahun 2011-2012 di Bogor, dengan desain studicross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 2531 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 54% responden mengalami obesitas sentral dengan rata-rata lingkar perut sebesar 80,9+ 11,6 cm. Tidak terdapat perbedaan risiko antara responden yang sering dan jarang mengonsumsi makanan berisiko untuk menjadi obesitas sentral setelah dikontrol variabel usia dan status pernikahan (PR 1,038 : 95% CI …

Coverage And Determinants Of Second-Dose Measles Vaccination Among Under-Five Children In Aceh Jaya District, Aceh Province, Indonesia, Rizka Maulida, Lhuri Dwianti Rahmartani, Lila K. Hairani, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Indonesia is aiming for measles elimination status by 2020. However, high number of measles cases are still prevalent and there are still coverage differences among provinces. Measles immunization coverage also varies among surveys and routine coverage report. With the addition of second dose measles vaccination (MCV2), measles infections in the country is expected to decrease. However, MCV2 coverage has been low after 2 years of implementation. Aceh Province was chosen for this study because its low coverage. This study aimed to measure the coverage and investigate the determinants of MCV2 in Aceh Jaya, Aceh Province. Dataset from “Assessment of the …

Faktor Lingkungan Rumah Dan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kota Palopo 2016, Marwanty Marwanty, Krisnawati Bantas

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Latar belakang. Kota Palopo merupakan salah satu daerah endemis demam berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Lingkungan rumah memiliki peran penting dalam penularan penyakit demam berdarah Dengue sebagai media interaksi antara nyamuk Aedes Aegypti dan manusia. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor lingkungan rumah dengan kejadian demam berdarah Dengue.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol. Total sampel penelitian sebanyak 236 sampel dengan perbandingan kasus dan kontrol 1:1. Analisis data mencakup analisis bivariat dan multivariat. Analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara faktor lingkungan rumah dengan pendidikan rendah meningkatkan …

Cellphone Usage And The Risk Of Cancer, Mia Ye

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Introduction: As the use of cell phones have increased immensely in the last two decades, so has public concern regarding cell phone and its relationship to cancer. Cell phones emit radio frequency waves, a type of electromagnetic energy. Theoretically, these radiofrequency waves are considered as a form of non-ionizing radiation, and do not contain enough energy to damage DNA. However, human and animal studies on cell phone use and cancer risk have shown mixed results. The Danish cohort study, one of the largest long-term studies to date, compared everyone in Denmark with cell phone subscriptions between 1982 and 1995, and …

Measuring Women's Empowerment In Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory And Confirmatory Factor Analyses Of The Demographic And Health Surveys, Ibitola O. Asaolu, Halimatou Alaofè, Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Akosua K. Adu, Amanda J. Monroy, John E. Ehiri, Mary H. Hayden, Kacey C. Ernst

Epidemiology and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Background: Women's status and empowerment influence health, nutrition, and socioeconomic status of women and their children. Despite its benefits, however, research on women's empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is limited in scope and geography. Empowerment is variably defined and data for comparison across regions is often limited. The objective of the current study was to identify domains of empowerment from a widely available data source, Demographic and Health Surveys, across multiple regions in SSA.

Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys from nineteen countries representing four African regions were used for the analysis. A total of 26 indicators across different dimensions (economic, …

Presence Of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia Coli In Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents Utilized As Water Reuse For Irrigation, Asli Aslan, Zach A. Coles, Anunay Bhattacharya, Oghenekpaobor Oyibo

Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Environmental Health Sciences: Faculty Publications

Providing safe water through water reuse is becoming a global necessity. One concern with water reuse is the introduction of unregulated contaminants to the environment that cannot be easily removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The occurrence of ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli through the treatment stages of a WWTP (raw sewage, post-secondary, post-UV and post-chlorination) was investigated from January to May 2016. The highest concentrations of antibiotic resistant E. coli in the effluent were detected in April after rainfall. Ampicillin-resistant E. coli was the most common at the post UV and chlorination stages comprising 63% of …

A Mapping Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials In The Spinal Cord Injury Research Literature, Amanda Mcintyre, Brooke Benton, Shannon Janzen, Jerome Iruthayarajah, Joshua Weiner, Janice J. Eng, Robert Teasell, Spinal Cord Injury Research Evidence Team

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Study design

Mapping Review.

Objective

The objective of this study was to map out and characterize the quantity and quality of all published spinal cord injury (SCI) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with respect to number, sample size, and methodological quality between January 1970 and December 2016.

Setting

Not applicable.

Methods

A literature search of multiple research databases was conducted. Studies adhering to the following criteria were included: the research design was an RCT; written in English; participants were >18 years; and the sample was >50% SCI. Data were extracted pertaining to author(s), year of publication, country of origin, initial and …