Epidemiology Commons^™

Aerosol Sampling Strategy: Effect Of Particle Transfer To Sampler Covers And Estimation Of Conversion Factors Between The United States And German Methods For Quartz Sampling, Godwin Akpevwe Erekaife

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

ABSTRACT

AEROSOL SAMPLING STRATEGY: Effect of Particle Transfer to Sampler Covers and Estimation of Conversion Factors between the United States and German Methods for Quartz sampling

GODWIN A. EREKAIFE

In many countries, communities of experts, including industrial hygienists, have developed unique sampling strategies to determine workers’ exposure to aerosolized particles (e.g., metals, wood dust etc.). However, using different sampling and analytical methods for the same chemical often results in different exposure levels for a similar exposure group (SEG). The exposure discrepancies among different countries that are caused by using different measurement strategies are not always systematically defined. Therefore, this study …

The Effect Of The Covid-19 Vaccine On Daily Cases And Deaths Based On Global Vaccine Data, Zhiwei Li, Xiangtong Liu, Mengyang Liu, Zhiyuan Wu, Yue Liu, Weiming Li, Mengmeng Liu, Xiaonan Wang, Bo Gao, Yanxia Luo, Xia Li, Lixin Tao, Wei Wang, Xiuhua Guo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic, has caused over 216 million cases and 4.50 million deaths as of 30 August 2021. Vaccines can be regarded as one of the most powerful weapons to eliminate the pandemic, but the impact of vaccines on daily COVID-19 cases and deaths by country is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between vaccines and daily newly confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19 in each country worldwide. Methods: Daily data on firstly vaccinated people, fully vaccinated people, new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 were collected from 187 countries. First, we used …

Covid-19 Governance, Legitimacy, And Sustainability: Lessons From The Australian Experience, Michael Lester, Marie Dela Rama, Julie Crews

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

During 2020, Australia managed the global and systemic COVID-19 crisis successfully as measured by health and economic indicators. It marshalled the government’s delivery capacity to control the health crisis and put in place measures to offset the induced economic and social costs. At the same time, the crisis revealed long-standing structural weaknesses in a small, democratic, wealthy, and economically successful country that raised questions about post COVID resilience and sustainability. This paper examines that experience by applying a “co-production” governance model that sees success in “crisis management” as the striking of a balance between government capacity and its legitimacy in …

An Outbreak Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H7n7) In Australia And The Potential For Novel Influenza A Viruses To Emerge, Andrew T. Bisset, Gerard F. Hoyne

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In 2020, several geographically isolated farms in Victoria, Australia, experienced an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus H7N7 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses H5N2 and H7N6. Effective containment and control measures ensured the eradication of these viruses but the event culminated in substantial loss of livestock and significant economic impact. The avian HPAI H7N7 virus generally does not infect humans; however, evidence shows the ocular pathway presents a favourable tissue tropism for human infection. Through antigenic drift, mutations in the H7N7 viral genome may increase virulence and pathogenicity in humans. The Victorian outbreak also detected LPAI …

Thyroid Storm In A Patient With Covid-19, Angela N Rao, Ruaa Y Al-Ward, Ruchi Gaba

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: A thyroid storm is a severe exacerbation of thyrotoxicosis that can cause significant morbidity and mortality. The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that originated in Wuhan, China, has become a worldwide pandemic. We present the first documented case of thyroid storm (as defined by the Burch-Wartofsky criteria) in a patient with COVID-19.

METHODS: Laboratory and diagnostic studies, including thyroid function tests, thyroid antibody testing, SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal polymerase chain reaction testing, and thyroid ultrasound were performed.

RESULTS: A 25-year-old woman presented to the hospital with dry cough, dyspnea, palpitations, weight loss, diarrhea, and anxiety. Physical examination revealed exophthalmos with …

Organizational Factors Associated With Health Worker Protection During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Four Provinces Of South Africa, Muzimkhulu Zungu, Kuku Voyi, Nosimilo Mlangeni, Saiendhra Vasudevan Moodley, Jonathan Ramodike, Nico Claassen, Elizabeth Wilcox, Nkululeko Thunzi, Annalee Yassi, Jerry Spiegel, Molebogeng Malotle

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Health workers, in short supply in many low-and-middle-income countries, are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aimed to assess how South Africa, prepared to protect its health workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study design applying participatory action research in four provinces of South Africa. A semi-structured questionnaire and a qualitative observational HealthWISE walkthrough risk assessment was carried out to collect data on occupational safety and health (OSH) systems in 45 hospitals across four provinces to identify factors associated with health worker protection. Adapting the International Labour Organization (ILO) and World Health Organization (WHO) …

Editorial: Covid-19, Corporate Governance, Sustainability, And The Post-Neoliberal World, Marie Dela Rama, Julie Crews

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Welcome to this special issue of Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review focusing on the impact of thecoronavirus (COVID-19) on societies and economies worldwide. The five papers in this special issue reflect the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,in its first year,on corporate governance and sustainability. What is common throughout these papers is how the pandemic has created disequilibria for many organisations. The question continues to be posed as to the new forms of organising and managing as the world reorientates or pivots in a pandemic and post-pandemic world.

Epidemiology Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And Risk Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression, Krishna Chaitanya Thandra, Adam Barsouk, Kalyan Saginala, John Sukumar Aluru, Prashanth Rawla, Alexander Barsouk

Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Its incidence has grown alongside the increasing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The risk of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients over 5 years is 8%, and despite targeted and immunotherapy treatment advances, HCC maintains a bleak 5-year survival of 19%. NAFLD’s primary risk factors are components of metabolic syndrome as well as possible sleep disturbances. NAFLD is most common among men 50-60 years of age, though incidence in women catches up after menopause. In the US, Hispanics are …

Complete Edentulism Of Dental Patients In Northeastern Turkey: Prevalence And Radiographic Findings On Panoramic Radiographs, Elif Sadik, Ceren Gökmenoğlu, Cankat Kara

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

The prevalence of complete edentulism varies from country to country and from one region to another. Previous studies have reported the high prevalence of significant radiographic findings in edentulous patients. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of complete edentulism retrospectively and to evaluate the frequency and location of significant radiographic findings on panoramic radiographs in edentulous jaws of dental patients in northeastern Turkey. Methods: The digital panoramic images of all ≥35 year-old patients admitted to our faculty from January 2014 to August 2015 were evaluated. The prevalence of complete edentulism was determined among 8314 panoramic images retrospectively. Radiographic …

Decomposing Differences In Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Case-Fatality Rates Across Seventeen Nations, Ashley Wendell Kranjac, Dinko Kranjac

Sociology Faculty Articles and Research

As of 1 November 2020, estimated case-fatality rates associated with coronavirus disease 2019 are not uniformly patterned across the world and differ substantially in magnitude. Given the global spatial heterogeneity in case-fatality rates, we applied the Blinder-Oaxaca regression decomposition technique to identify how putative sociodemographic, structural, and environmental sources influence variation in case-fatality rates. We show that compositional and associational differences in country-level risk factors explain a substantial proportion of the coronavirus disease 2019-related case-fatality rate gap across nations. Asian countries fair better vis-à-vis case-fatality rate differences mainly due to variation in returns to sociodemographic, structural, and environmental sources among …

The Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With Chronic Kidney Disease In Indonesian Population In 2014-2015 (Data Analysis Of Ifls 5), Tri Damayanti Simanjuntak, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

The Global Burden of Disease research in 2010 reveal that cases of chronic kidney disease increase and became a serious health problem. Indonesia Basic Health Research data in 2013 reveal that the proportion of patients with chronic kidney failure aged > 15 years old based on doctor’s diagnosis was 0,2% and 0,6% kidney stones. The study aimed to analyze the relationship be tween type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the population of Indonesia in 2014-2015. This design of research used cross-sectional and secondary data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The minimum sample size in this …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Waktu Kembalinya Menstruasi Pertama Pasca Persalinan Di Wilayah Rural, Indonesia, Nia Reni Adha, Krisnawati Bantas

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Durasi kembalinya menstruasi pertama di Indonesia dinilai masih sangat cepat. Hal ini berdampak pada peningkatan kehamilan yang tidak direncanakan dan pendeknya jarak lahir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan waktu kembalinya menstruasi pertama pasca persalinan di wilayah rural Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2017 dengan responden sebanyak 1701 ibu berusia 15-49 tahun, yang melahirkan anak terakhir dalam waktu 1 tahun sebelum survei. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kohort retrospektif dengan analisis survival/ kesintasan, Cox Regression. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan waktu kembali menstruasi pertama pasca persalinan di Indonesia hingga 12 bulan pengamatan …

Hubungan Riwayat Komplikasi Saat Hamil Dengan Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (Bblr) Di Indonesia, Pebrina Manurung, Helda Helda

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Bayi dengan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) berisiko mengalami banyak masalah kesehatan seperti jatuh sakit dalam enam hari pertama kehidupannya atau mengalami infeksi, serta dapat juga menderita masalah jangka panjang seperti perkembangan motorik dan sosial yang tertunda atau ketidakmampuan belajar. WHO memperkirakan BBLR sekitar 15% hingga 20% dari jumlah yang lahir, mewakili tiap tahunnya ada sekitar 20 juta kelahiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat komplikasi saat hamil dengan kejadian BBLR. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu study cross sectional dengan menganalisis data IFLS tahun 2014. Sebanyak 372 responden diikutkan dalam studi ini. Analisis chi square test untuk …

Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Leptospirosis Di 2 Kabupaten Lokasi Surveilans Sentinel Leptospirosis Provinsi Banten Tahun 2017 – 2019, Novie Ariani, Tri Yunis Miko Wahyono

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Leptospirosis termasuk dalam zoonosis, penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptopira. Terjadinya kasus leptopsirosis terkait erat dengan rantai penularan, dan rantai penularan leptospirosis terkait dengan banyak faktor. Faktor risiko leptospirosis dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam 3 kelompok utama: faktor hewan, faktor lingkungan, dan faktor manusia. Banten yang merupakan daerah endemis Leptospirosis, terpilih untuk menjadi lokasi surveilans Sentinel Leptospirosis, tepatnya berlokasi di Kab, Tangerang dan Kab. Serang. Penelitian tentang leptospirosis masih sangat jarang dilakukan di provinsi Banten, maka dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian leptospirosis di 2 kabupaten lokasi surveilans sentinel leptopspirosis provinsi Banten selama tahun 2017 …

Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus Terhadap Kejadian Disabilitas Untuk Activities Of Daily Living (Adl) Di Indonesia, Halimah Siregar, Krisnawati Bantas

Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia

Diabetes Mellitus salah satu PTM tertinggi didunia, prevalensi global diabetes di antara orang dewasa di atas 18 tahun telah meningkat dari 4,7% pada 1980 menjadi 8,5% pada 2014. Penelitian yang dilakukan Edward ditemukan bahwa> 50% orang tua dengan diabetes melaporkan kesulitan melakukan tugas fisik sehari-hari. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Rindra bahwa individu yang menderita diabetes akan berisiko 3kali (95% CI; 2.860-3.288) dibandingkan individu yang tidak menderita diabetes untuk mengalami disabilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini melihat hubungan diabetes mellitus dengan kejadian disabilitas untuk aktivitas kehidupan sehari-hari (ADL). Penelitian ini desain cross sectional data IFLS 2015, di analisis sampai multivariat menggunakan Regressi …

An Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Of The Kuantan Community On The Effects Of Monosaccharides On Cancer, Muhammad Alif Mazlan, Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan, Afzan Mat Yusof, Muhammad Lokman Md Isa

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Cancer knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) levels of communities are essential to be assessed to enhance cancer educational programs. This study aimed to determine the KAP level of the Kuantan community on the effects of monosaccharides on cancer. The association between the sociodemographic data and KAP level of the community has also been evaluated.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed among residents living in the Kuantan community. Only 303 of 380 responses were included in the data analysis using the chi-square test.

Results: The knowledge and practice levels were moderate, whereas the attitude was at a …

Factors Influencing Health Service Utilization Among The Elderly In Insein Township, Yangon Region, Sandar Min Min Hlaing, Naw Clara, Aye Nanda Han

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: With the increasing needs of the aging population and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, assessment of the equity and accessibility of health care among the elderly has become important.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from December 2018 to December 2019 among 225 elderly to describe the factors influencing health service utilization. Multistage sampling was applied, and structured questionnaire was used to interview the elderly. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression were performed in data analysis.

Results: The average age of the respondents was 71.7 ± 8.17 years old, and 68.4% of the respondents …

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Of Adolescents Regarding Sexuality And Reproductive Issues In The Cordillera Administrative Region Of The Philippines, Eddieson Pasay-An, Judith Odanee G. Magwilang, Petelyne P. Pangket

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning reproductive health (RH) and sexuality among in- and out-of-school adolescents in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines.

Methods: Using a quantitative, cross-sectional approach, this study examined 739 in- and out-of-school adolescents who were recruited through snowball and simple random sampling.

Results: Statistically significant differences were noted in the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexuality based on age. Age was associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning RH. Educational attainment toward sexuality also caused statistically significant changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices. The KAP regarding sexuality and …

Dental Caries Among 12-Year-Old Children After Discontinuation Of Water Fluoridation In Pahang, Malaysia, Faizah Abdul Karim, Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof, Nor Azlida Mohd Nor

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Water fluoridation (WF) has been a national caries prevention program in Malaysia since 1972. However, between July 2012 and December 2013, WF was discontinued in Pahang. This study aimed to compare caries prevalence and mean caries experience among Malaysian children in WF and WF-ceased areas and determine its associated risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 12-year-old schoolchildren in two Malaysian states: Pahang (WF-ceased) and Perak (WF-continued). Dental caries was examined using ICDAS criteria, and a questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Associations between independent variables and dental caries were analyzed by simple logistic …

Psychosocial Impacts Of Fixed Orthodontic Treatment In Lahore, Pakistan, Hazik Bin Shahzad, Dalia Iftikhar, Noor Ul Huda, Nayha Enver, Faiza Awais, Shabbir Hussain

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The aim of this study is to assess psychosocial impacts on oral health-related quality of life between individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment and those who have completed treatment.

Methods: A total of 135 individuals were selected from the Orthodontic Department at Rashid Latif Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Current and previous orthodontic treatments were recorded. A questionnaire on oral impacts on daily performance was used to assess functional, psychological, and social limitations.

Results: The most prevalent psychosocial impact was difficulty in smiling/laughing (26.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals currently undergoing orthodontic treatment are 2.9 times more …