Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Table C: Some Other Fda-Approved Sources Of Aluminum In Food, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Table E: Aluminum Lakes Of Permitted Colors Allowed By The European Union, Robert Yokel

Aluminum in Beverages and Foods: A Compilation

No abstract provided.

Topical Antibiotics Prophylaxis For Infections Of Indwelling Pleural/Peritoneal Catheters (Tap-Ipc): A Pilot Study, Estee P. M. Lau, Sam Faber, Chloe Charlesworth, Sue Morey, Sona Vekaria, Pierre Filion, Aron Chakera, Y. C.Gary Lee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Objective: Indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) and indwelling peritoneal catheter (IPeC) have established roles in the management of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions but catheter-related infections remain a major concern. Topical mupirocin prophylaxis has been shown to reduce peritoneal dialysis catheter infections. This study aimed to assess the (i) compatibility of IPC with mupirocin and (ii) feasibility, tolerability and compliance of topical mupirocin prophylaxis in patients with an IPC or IPeC. Methods: (i) Three preparations of mupirocin were applied onto segments of IPC thrice weekly and examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) at different time intervals. (ii) Consecutive patients …

Identifying Youth Appeals In Alcohol Alternative Social Media Content Through Framing, Melina Oneal

West Chester University Master’s Theses

Proposed regulations for alcohol advertising prevent beverage companies from targeting people under the legal drinking age. However, similar regulations for alcohol alternative beverages are less explored, which could allow alcohol alternative products to create awareness for alcoholic beverages among youth. Alcohol alternatives beverages, including no-alcohol and low-alcohol products, are increasing in popularity and can function as compliments to alcoholic products to decrease the total alcohol volume consumed or as substitutes for alcoholic products. Framing theory can be operationalized through the Content Appealing to Youth Index, an index of content elements found in research literature to be appealing to youth, to …

Quantification Of Antiviral Drug Tenofovir (Tfv) By Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Sers) Using Cumulative Distribution Functions (Cdfs), Marguerite R. Butler, Jana Hrncirova, Meredith Clark, Sucharita Dutta, John B. Cooper

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ultrasensitive spectroscopic technique that generates signal-enhanced fingerprint vibrational spectra of small molecules. However, without rigorous control of SERS substrate active sites, geometry, surface area, or surface functionality, SERS is notoriously irreproducible, complicating the consistent quantitative analysis of small molecules. While evaporatively prepared samples yield significant SERS enhancement resulting in lower detection limits, the distribution of these enhancements along the SERS surface is inherently stochastic. Acquiring spatially resolved SERS spectra of these dried surfaces, we have shown that this enhancement is governed by a power law as a function of analyte concentration. Consequently, by definition, …

Exploration Of Potential Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Targets In The Enterovirus Replication Element: Identification Of Six Distinct 5' Cloverleaves, Morgan G. Daniels, Meagan E. Werner, Rockwell T. Li, Steven M. Pascal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Enterovirus genomic replication initiates at a predicted RNA cloverleaf (5′CL) at the 5′ end of the RNA genome. The 5′CL contains one stem (SA) and three stem-loops (SLB, SLC, SLD). Here, we present an analysis of 5′CL conservation and divergence for 209 human health-related serotypes from the enterovirus genus, including enterovirus and rhinovirus species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates six distinct 5′CL serotypes that only partially correlate with the species definition. Additional findings include that 5′CL sequence conservation is higher between the EV species than between the RV species, the 5′CL of EVA and EVB are nearly identical, and RVC has the …

Electrophysiological And Clinical Fundamentals Of Qtc Prolongation Induced By Antipsychotic Medications, Zaid Naseer, Minaal Khan, Najeeb Manalai, Allison Foroobar, Patricia Harrison, Charles Scercy, Beth Yanoff, Partam Manalai

Department Surgery Faculty Publications

Patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing antipsychotic treatment are at an elevated risk for adverse cardiovascular events, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. While the precise mechanisms linking cardiovascular diseases and psychiatric conditions remain unclear, QTc prolongation is suspected to be a contributing factor. The human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG, or KCNH2), which affects potassium channels, is implicated in the cardiotoxicity of various medications, including antipsychotics. This gene plays a critical role in determining whether a drug will be approved for market use. This paper elucidates the electrophysiological basis of QTc prolongation and reviews the evidence concerning which antipsychotics may exacerbate QTc …

Association Of Maternal Prenatal Copper Concentration With Gestational Duration And Preterm Birth: A Multicountry Meta-Analysis Author Links Open Overlay Panel., Nagendra Monangi, Huan Xu, Yue-Mei Fan, Rasheeda Khanam, Waqasuddin Khan, Saikat Deb, Jesmin Pervin, Joan Price, Lovejeet Kaur, R. Ochieng

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Copper (Cu), an essential trace mineral regulating multiple actions of inflammation and oxidative stress, has been implicated in risk for preterm birth (PTB).

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association of maternal Cu concentration during pregnancy with PTB risk and gestational duration in a large multicohort study including diverse populations.

Methods: Maternal plasma or serum samples of 10,449 singleton live births were obtained from 18 geographically diverse study cohorts. Maternal Cu concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The associations of maternal Cu with PTB and gestational duration were analyzed using …

Determining Effective Treatment Regimens For Breast Cancer Using Combined Immunotherapy And Chemotherapy In Vivo, Akhila Kunuthuru

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of all cancers globally in women, and those of African descent, especially West African females, face higher rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a more aggressive form of breast cancer. Immunotherapy for breast cancer is a relatively new treatment option, and research is ongoing to identify the best combination treatments for increasing survival of those diagnosed with TNBC. Eganelisib (IPI-549: a PI3K-gamma inhibitor that works to shift M2 macrophages to M1 to augment T cell function) with other combinatory treatments has shown promising results in reducing tumor growth and increasing survival in mice. …

Elucidating The Role Of Fatty Acid Synthase In Apc-Driven Colorectal Cancer, Courtney O. Kelson

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths. Currently, there is a growing incidence rate for individuals aged 20-49 years. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk of this cancer. Early detection of CRC allows for the most effective treatment option in which surgical resection of the primary tumor occurs along with adjuvant chemotherapy. This therapeutic approach contributes to 5-year survival rate of 91%. However, surgical procedures and chemotherapy struggles against metastatic and relapsed CRC resulting in 5-year survival rate of 14%. Inefficacious treatments for relapsed and metastatic diseases emphasizes the need for more …

The Education Prescription: Exploring The Potential Of Patient Education To Reduce Mental Health Issues In Hormonal Contraceptive Users, Maria Abraham

Nursing | Senior Theses

The many birth control options available impact a woman’s life, as hormonal contraceptives are commonly used but often misunderstood. These contraceptives, which contain progestin only, or estrogen and progestin combined, can come in various forms such as pills, implants, IUDs, injections, the vaginal ring, and skin patches. They offer benefits such as reduced menstrual cramps and ectopic pregnancy risk. However, they may lead to adverse side effects which can include increased blood pressure, nausea, headaches, breakthrough bleeding, and a higher risk of blood clots, with research indicating a potential link between oral contraceptive use and a decline in the user’s …

Plasma Protein Signatures Of Adult Asthma, Gordon J. Smilnak, Yura Lee, Abhijnan Chattopadhyay, Annah B. Wyss, Julie D. White, Sinjini Sikdar, Jianping Jin, Andrew J. Grant, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, Jian-Liang Li, Mikyeong Lee, Bing Yu, Stephanie J. London

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Background: Adult asthma is complex and incompletely understood. Plasma proteomics is an evolving technique that can both generate biomarkers and provide insights into disease mechanisms. We aimed to identify plasma proteomic signatures of adult asthma.

Methods: Protein abundance in plasma was measured in individuals from the Agricultural Lung Health Study (ALHS) (761 asthma, 1095 non-case) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (470 asthma, 10,669 non-case) using the SOMAScan 5K array. Associations with asthma were estimated using covariate adjusted logistic regression and meta-analyzed using inverse-variance weighting. Additionally, in ALHS, we examined phenotypes based on both asthma and seroatopy (asthma with …

Fat-Free Mass Is Positively Associated With Urine Specific Gravity In Athletes And Active Adults: A Quantitative Review, Patrick B. Wilson, Ian P. Winter

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Background: Urine specific gravity (USG) is a commonly used assessment method to estimate the prevalence of hypohydration, typically based on a common threshold of ≥ 1.020. Some research has shown that USG can vary based on body size and composition, but the evidence to date is limited. This review examined whether an association between fat-free mass (FFM), a component of body composition, and USG could be detected among published articles that have reported these variables in athletes and physically active individuals.

Methods: By searching Google Scholar, the authors identified a large number of published articles (n = 161) reporting anthropometrics …

Impact Of Oxytocin And Tetrahydrocannabinol On Signs Of Fear In The Rat, Jair E. Alvarez Jr.

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

BACKGROUND: Oxytocin (OXT) has been used as a post-treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research suggests that pre-treatment of intranasal OXT attenuates signs of fear in rats; however, the impact of intraperitoneal (i.p) OXT pre-treatment on signs of fear in rats is unknown. We also explored the effects of delta-9 (psychoactive component of cannabidiol) and delta-8 (delta-9 isomer) THC pre-treatment on attenuating signs of fear in the rat. METHODS: For each experiment, male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups, (n=8 per group); 1.) controls (vehicle and no foot shock), 2.) shock (vehicle and foot shock), 3.) low dose …

Glutamate Optimization As A Treatment For Depression: A Clinical Guideline, Luisa Angeles Collins Villares

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects - Archive

Based on the use of drugs to treat hypertension and tuberculosis for depression, the monoamine hypothesis led to the development of antidepressants in 1952. Serotonin was recognized as a deficiency associated with depression in 1967. As a fine-tuning orchestration of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, the glutamate system became known using Spravato in 2019 and Auvelity in 2022. In this pilot study, mental health experts rated the importance of 24 science-based recommendations to optimize glutamatergic therapy in depression for a proposed guideline on a Likert scale from zero to four. The results were analyzed using a non-parametric predictive modeling method called Chi-Square …

Developing Radiosensitizers To Enhance Radiotherapy In Treating Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor, Zeta Chow

Theses and Dissertations--Clinical and Translational Science

Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (GEP-NET) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies arising from multipotent neuroendocrine stem cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of GEP-NET continues to rise, possibly due to the advancement of imaging and biomarkers available for diagnosis. However, even though the majority of patients are diagnosed with low-grade and localized disease, a significant percentage of patients present with advanced-stage metastatic disease with poor prognosis in months to a few years. These advanced-stage GEP-NET patients can also present with a variety of debilitating symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life. The role of palliative-intent surgery is limited, and …

The Kinetic Modulation Of Α - Synuclein Fibrillation And Toxicity By 4-Phenylbutyric Acid, Kristos Awuah Baffour

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

ABSTRACT

The Protein misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) into neurotoxic amyloids underlies the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). 4-Phenylbutyrate (PBA), an FDA drug approved for treating urea cycle disorders, has garnered significant attention as a potential chemical chaperone for targeting alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated that PBA treatment alters the pattern of α-syn aggregation, as evidenced by reduced formation of oligomeric species and its increased susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage under the influence of PBA. Proteinase K assay, surface plasmon resonance, and Nile red studies indicate that PBA interacts with the extensive …

Design, Synthesis, And Anti-Mcf-7 Activity Of New Thieno[2,3-D]Pyrimidinone Derivatives As Potential Breast Cancer Treatment, Bassem H. Naguib, Amgad Albohy, Mostafa A. Abdelaziz, Hanan H. Kadry

Pharmacy

Breast cancer is one of the top leading causes of death and the most aggressive type of cancer in women. Resistance to chemotherapy is one of the challenges associated with the development of strategies for the treatment of breast cancer. One way to overcome this issue is to design new agents that target breast cancer cell lines such as MCF-7. In this study, a new series of S-alkylated thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones bearing carboxamide or ketonic scaffolds was synthesized and screened for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cell lines. Among synthesized candidates, 6d exhibited more potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 …

Radiation Induced Skin Fibrosis (Risf): Opportunity For Angiotensin Ii-Dependent Intervention, Patricia F. Boothe, Vidya P. Kumar, Yali Kong, Kan Wang, Howard Levinson, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Medical procedures, such as radiation therapy, are a vital element in treating many cancers, significantly contributing to improved survival rates. However, a common long-term complication of such exposure is radiation-induced skin fibrosis (RISF), a complex condition that poses substantial physical and psychological challenges. Notably, about 50% of patients undergoing radiation therapy may achieve long-term remission, resulting in a significant number of survivors managing the aftereffects of their treatment. This article delves into the intricate relationship between RISF, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling. It proposes the underlying mechanisms and examines potential treatments for mitigating skin fibrosis. …

Synthesis And Structure-Activity Relationship Of Boronic Acid Bioisosteres Of Combretastatin A-4 As Anticancer Agents, Yali Kong, Michael C. Edler, Ernest Hamel, Asa R. Britton-Jenkins, Omar Gillan, Susan L. Mooberry, David Mu, Milton L. Brown

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

The boronic acid group plays an important role in drug discovery. Following our discovery of a boronic acid analog of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4), a series of analogs featuring a boronic acid group on the C phenyl ring of CA-4 was synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity, as well as for their ability to inhibit tubulin polymerization, inhibit the binding of [³H]colchicine to tubulin and cause depolymerization of cellular microtubules. Modifications on the C ring of CA-4, either eliminating the methoxy group or replacing the C phenyl ring with a pyridine ring, resulted in a reduced potency for inhibiting tubulin polymerization, colchicine …