Influence Of The Nature Of Hay On Its Ingestibility And The Kinetics Of Intake During Large Meals In Sheep And Cows, R Baumont, J P. Brun, J P. Dulphy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ingestibility is the quantity of a forage that can be eaten by a standard animal when it is fed ad libitum as the sole feed (INRA, 1978). The eating pattern of ruminants reflects the way in which intake is controlled. The animal eats a large meal when a new batch of forage is distributed ; meals thereafter are small until the next distribution (Dulphy & Faverdin, 1987). To make a closer study of forage ingestibility, it seemed interesting to record the daily pattern of intake and to analyse in detail the large meals, which are 60 to 90 % of …
Relative Palatability Of Some Little-Known Tropical Forage Legumes,
2025
CIAT
Relative Palatability Of Some Little-Known Tropical Forage Legumes, R Schultze-Kraft, C Lascano, G Benavides, J M. Gomez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In preliminary agronomic evaluations some of the littleknow legumes recently selected in Southeast Asia have shown good adaptation to an acid, low-fertility Ultisol (CIAT, 1984, 1985). It is recognized that early evaluation of forage species should include an assessment of relative palatability (Joblin, 1962), particularly for tropical legumes where some species have been found to be highly unpalatable to cattle (Warmke et al., 1952). This paper reports on two cafeteria grazing trials conducted to assess the relative palatability of some new Southeast Asian legume germplasm as well as some South American species and ecotypes assumed to be of low palatability.
Fiber Composition Of Successive Cuts Of Lucerne,
2025
University of Belgrade
Fiber Composition Of Successive Cuts Of Lucerne, D Kolarski, J Pavesic-Popovic,, O Krstic, K Koljajic
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The plant cell walls contain lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, fiber bound protein and fiber bound minerals. Their nutritive value is limited by their degree of lignification, while cell contents is not limited (Barton et al., 1977). Type and extent oflignin-polysaccharide bounding could affect digestion more than amount of lignin (Jung et Fahey, 1983). The purpose of these studies was to determine chemical and fiber composition of four cuts of lucerne (Medicago sativa, CV Kl).
Relationship Between The Mineral Content In Pastures And The Content Of These Elements In Blood Serum In Dairy Cows,
2025
Veterinary Institute and* Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming,
Relationship Between The Mineral Content In Pastures And The Content Of These Elements In Blood Serum In Dairy Cows, A Lachowski, I Kuczynska, W Wojciechowski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grass tetany, a conditioned Mg deficiency of improper K: (Ca + Mg) ratio is a nutritional problem in various parts of Poland. The aim of the investigations was to determine to what degree the mineral content of grasses in the pastures influenced the mineral content in blood serum in dairy cows. This is very important when the animals are grazing and when cattle slurry is used on grasslands. In the literature we can find opinion considering hypomagnaesemia as a metabolic disorder of ruminants typified by low blood serum Mg and generally accompanied by hypocalcemia. It has been related to low …
Etude D'Un Facteur Antinutritionnel De La Luzerne: Les Saponines,
2025
INRA
Etude D'Un Facteur Antinutritionnel De La Luzerne: Les Saponines, M Lila, G Genier, W Pietraszek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les proteines de luzerne (Medicago sativa) extraites par des procedes industriels ne peuvent etre incorporees qu'en faible proportion dans les rations pour monogastriques a cause d'un effet antinutritionnel du essentiellement a la presence de saponines et plus particulierement d'acide medicagenique (Pietraszek, 1985). La technologie d'extraction ne permettant pas d'eliminer ces molecules, il a ete envisage d'ameliorer la qualite de ces proteines extraites par la diminution de la teneur dans la plante par voie genetique. Pour cela il fallait etudier la variabilite genetique disponible au sein de l'espece Medicago sativa et definir un test rapide permettant de discriminer en grande serie …
Mineral Composition Of Grasses Grown On Peat Soils In Northwestern Hungary And Fertilization Experiments. Manganese,
2025
University for Agricultural Sciences Mosonmagyarvar
Mineral Composition Of Grasses Grown On Peat Soils In Northwestern Hungary And Fertilization Experiments. Manganese, R Schmidt, J Varga, G Tolgyesi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The main goal of these experiments which were carried out for four years was to study the mineral composition of grasses grown on peat soil, where preliminary studies indicated manganese, copper and zinc deficiency. We tried to eliminate these deficiences by agrochemical methods, because in our opinion, intervening in the first part of the foodchain - in the soil - we can contribute to solving of the deficiency problems more fundamentaly (Ti:ilgyesi et al., 1983).
Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web.,
2025
Academy of Agriculture in Poznan
Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web., M Falkowski, I Kukulka, S Kozlowski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In recent years the quantities of dandelion appearing on newly established grasslands has increased quite significantly. In such conditions it can no longer be treated as a meadow herb whose fodder value, according to European literature, equals half of that of valuable fodder plants. Becoming a weed, dandelion has been the object of investigations on ways of eliminating it from the sward by means of herbicides (Schlotter et al., 1988). At the same time, experiments are under way on biological properties of dandelion with the aim to explain the causes of its expansion. It was found that there is an …
Location Of Polyphenols In Leaves Of Serciea Lespedeza,
2025
Auburn University
Location Of Polyphenols In Leaves Of Serciea Lespedeza, C O'H Mosjidis, C M. Peterson, J A. Mosjidis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Preliminary studies in sericea lespedeza, a nonbloating forage legume, indicated that its palatability and digestibility were reduced by high levels of phenolics (Clarke el al., 1939). Another study suggested that younger parts of the shoots are more palatable than older leaves and stems (Donnelly el al., 1971). Nevertheless, younger leaves have been reported to contain higher levels of phenolics (Burns, 1966). Polyphenols have been thought to play a role as growth regulators and in protection against insects and diseases. Also they seem to be associated with lignification (Salatino el al., 1988). The present study was performed to determine whether histological …
Effect Of Endophytic Fungus Infection, Water Stress And Genotype On K, Ca And Mg Concentration Of Fescue,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Effect Of Endophytic Fungus Infection, Water Stress And Genotype On K, Ca And Mg Concentration Of Fescue, S R. Wilkinson, D P. Belesky, W C. Stringer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Replacement of endophyte infected tall fescue with endophyte free tall fescue is recommended to avoid tall fescue toxicosis. Fribourg et al. (1988) suggest that the endophyte may enhance tolerance of tall fescue to environmental stresses, including drought. This controlled environment study was undertaken to determine the effect of water stress on the K, Ca and Mg concentration of four genotypic selections of tall fescue with and without fungal endophytes. This paper emphasizes water stress and endophyte effects. The growth characteristics are reported elsewhere (Belesky et al. 1989).
Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow,
2025
Biotechnical Faculty
Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow, A Golob, Zdenka Berloznik, M Leskosek, Vekoslava Stibilj
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecological problems and surpluses of milk and meat have given rise to less intensive systems of grassland utilisation. One of such system is utilisation of air nitrogen via legume symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In Slovenia, where conditions for legume growth are more favourable than in NW Europe, natural meadows fertilized with P and K only give reasonable yields - on average around 7 t DM per ha (Leskosek, 1981). Most legumes suffer after frequent defoliation so such meadows should be defoliated only 2- 3 times during the growing season. Under less frequent cutting regime nutritive value of forage is …
The Effect Of N And K Fertilizers On The No3 Content Of Different Grass Species And Mixtures,
2025
Agricultural University Mosonmagyarovar
The Effect Of N And K Fertilizers On The No3 Content Of Different Grass Species And Mixtures, A Szodfridt, J Varga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The major quantity of the annual grassland vegetation comes from the first cut in Hungary because of the continental climate of the country. Next to the energy content of grasses it is important to have informations about the amount of some possible toxic components such as nitrate. The critical NO3- value is considered to be 0.25-0.31 % in DM (Andreev, 1981), NO3 content higher than 0.6 % in DM is toxic (Kemp et al., 1977). Ebert et al. (1977) showed that 120 kg/ha N given for the 1st cut did not raise NO3 content higher than the critical value. K …
Determination Of Condensed Tannins In Tropical Legume Forages,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Determination Of Condensed Tannins In Tropical Legume Forages, L Telek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in ruminant nutrition is complex and needs further interdisciplinary reinvestigations with improved analytical methods. With the « cell rupture » theory of legume pasture bloat (Howarth et al., 1978), the role of condensed tannins seems to be secondary; they are acting as protein precipitants (Goplen et al., 1980) and inhibiting microbiological proliferation in cellular spaces (Howarth et al., 1982). Their assumed interference with digesting enzymes in vivo is doubtful (Mole and Waterman, 1985). On the importance of condensed tannins in nutrition, several reviews were published (McLeod, 1974; Tempel, 1982; Kumar and Singh, 1984 and …
Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability,
2025
University of Georgia
Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability, J C. Petersen, J A. Mosjidis, N S. Hill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several million hectares in the subtropical world are currently used as grazing land for beef and dairy cattle, however, in many cases animal production is very low. To improve animal nutrition, cultivated legume species can be introduced. Sericea lespedeza has potential and could be utilized in the acid soils of the· subtropics. Generally, sericea is low in palatability and nutritive value because its leaves contain tannins, which have long been associated with low intake and reduced digestibility. Tannins are responsible for an astringent or bitter taste caused by the precipitation of salivary glycoprotein (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Chopping or macerating …
The Effect Of Selenium Fertilizer On The Selenium Status Of Sheep Grazing Annual Pasture In South-Western Australia, B R. Whelan, D W. Peter, N J. Barrow, D J. Buscall, V C. Cox
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White muscle disease was first reported in grazing livestock in Western Australia by Gardiner (1961). Sheep affected by the disease could be divided into two categories : young suckling lambs in winter and early spring, and weaners and hoggets in summer (Gardiner et al., 1962). Subsequent investigations showed that, while there were few clinical symptoms of selenium deficiency, there were probably many sheep suffering from ill-thrift. This sub-clinical deficiency caused reduced liveweight gains, reduced wool production and lowered ewe fertility. It was most noticeable in areas of greater than 600 mm of annual rainfall on the lighter sandy soils with …
Synthesis Of Cell Wall Components In Maize Internodes,
2025
Purdue University
Synthesis Of Cell Wall Components In Maize Internodes, J H. Cherney, J J. Volenec, G A. Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cell wall structure affects intake and digestibility of forages by rummants. Before microbial degradation of cell walls can be understood, it will be necessary to have a better understanding of cell wall formation. Internodes of grasses elongate in a_cropetal succession, with two internodes usually elongating s1multaneously. Elongating internodes consist of three regions : 1) a zone of cell division, 2) a zone of cell elongation, and 3) a zone of secondary cell wall deposition. This tissue provides an excellent system for studying cell wall changes in rapidly developing tissues. Our objectives were to : 1) examine changes in cell wall …
Natural And Artificial Drying Effects On Condensed Tannins Of Sericea Lespedeza,
2025
University of Georgia
Natural And Artificial Drying Effects On Condensed Tannins Of Sericea Lespedeza, T H. University Of Georgia, W R. Windham, J J. Evans, C S. Hoveland
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don.] is well adapted to acid soils and low fertility but has generally been considered a low-quality forage due to high levels of tannin and indigestible fiber. Tannin levels increase during midsummer (Windham et al. 1988). The most commonly used assay for tannin in sericea is the vanillin-HCl procedure (Burns, 1963) on oven-dried samples. Oven-drying has been reported to cause increased polymerization or oxidative changes in tannins (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Fresh-frozen sericea contained higher amounts of extractable tannin than field-dried forage and fiber digestibility of high-tannin sericea by sheep was much lower …
Restoring Exotic Cool-Season Grass Dominated Landscapes With Clethodim And Glyphosate,
2025
Platte River Whooping Crane Maintenance Trust (Crane Trust)
Restoring Exotic Cool-Season Grass Dominated Landscapes With Clethodim And Glyphosate, Eleanor J. Muzzy, Joshua D. Wiese, Abraham J. Kanz
Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies
A major threat to grasslands around the world is the spread of exotic cool-season grasses (ECSG). ECSG dominate vegetative communities and degrade critical habitats. One of the most common methods to treat ECSG is herbicide. To compare how the widely-used, non-specific herbicide glyphosate compared to the grass-specific herbicide clethodim, we conducted a fall spray in November 2023 at two different sites located in the Central Platte River Valley of Nebraska. The following June, we used a modified Daubenmire frame sampling method to gather data on relative cover, species richness, and community composition. After analysis, glyphosate appeared to be more effective …
Grassland For Our World,
2025
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Grassland For Our World, F Riveros
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present-day role of grasslands and fodder is reviewed with respect agriculture, animal production and environmental concerns. The world 's grazing lands are a finite resource nnd, overall, are being badly mnnaEed; in most developing countries action is required now, before it is too lnte. They will continue to be a major source of animal feed for the foreseeable future; encroachment from cropping will con
Human Impact On Terrestrial Ecosytems- What We Know And What We Are Doing About It,
2025
Stanford University
Human Impact On Terrestrial Ecosytems- What We Know And What We Are Doing About It, H A. Mooney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At present the impact of humankind on the Barth System is substantial mul will become greater as we continue to add over 80 million people to the global population each year. Collectively the human species utilises over a third of the total fresh water that is available, as well as an equivalent amount of tho total terrestrial productivity. Possil energy is being consumed at a prodigious rnte and fuels, among other things, over a half a billion vehicles. To support the large human population the Earth has been greatly reconfigured with much of the land utilised for grazing and agriculture. …
Grasslands For Sustainable Ecosystems,
2025
UNESCO
Grasslands For Sustainable Ecosystems, Malcolm Hadley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasslnnds present many advantages for examining issues related to sustainability. Grasslands include planted pastures as well as a variety of natural rangelands in situations ranging from semi-arid to subhumid. Diversity is also reflected in the spectrum of grassland users and uses, for example, nomadic pastoralism, extensive ranches, intensive pastures, wildlife tourism, game hunting. And in terms of sustainability of resource management, grasslands encompass a wide range of contrasting situations and conflicts in resource use. Heavy grazing pressure associated with increasing human populations in certain tropical savannas, the implications of rural depopulation to traditional pasture management in alpine regions, and the …
