Performance Of Promising Forage In Eastern India And Their Nutritive Value,
2020
ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, India
Performance Of Promising Forage In Eastern India And Their Nutritive Value, J. J. Gupta, A. Dey, B. P. Bhatt, S. K. Barari
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eastern region of India possesses large number of ruminant population (162 million) that depend on available feed resources (GOI, 2014). But, at the same time, an acute shortage of green fodder prevails in the eastern part of India that varies from 82 to 89 per cent. The main reason behind this gap is low land holding and negligible area under fodder production. Shortage of quality feed and fodder resources and neglect of forage crops led to decline in the productivity of Indian livestock. However, as a whole, country having 8.30 million ha area under fodder production (Anon, 2013) and out …
Production Capacity Of A Mountain Meadow In Slovakia,
2020
Plant Production Research Centre Piestany, Slovak Republic
Production Capacity Of A Mountain Meadow In Slovakia, Norbert Britanak, Daniel Rataj, Iveta Ilavska, Lubomir Hanzes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Slovakia is rich in grassland ecosystem diversity due to its geological, geomorphologic and climatic conditions (Seffer et al. 2002). Grasslands make up to 81% of total agricultural land in the upland and mountain regions. They are regarded as basic sources of forage for cattle and sheep. During the last century, the utilisation of mineral fertilisers increased dramatically not only on arable land, but even on grassland in Europe (Hejcman et al. 2007). The objective of our 11-year trial was to compare the dry matter production of permanent grasslands at two levels of mineral nutrition under extreme climatic conditions …
Developing Methods To Evaluate Phenotypic Variability In Biological Nitrification Inhibition (Bni) Capacity Of Brachiaria Grasses,
2020
Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Colombia
Developing Methods To Evaluate Phenotypic Variability In Biological Nitrification Inhibition (Bni) Capacity Of Brachiaria Grasses, Jacobo Arango, Danilo E. Moreta, Jonathan Nuñez, Katharina Hartmann, Moralba Dominguez, Manabu Ishitani, John Miles, Guntur V. Subbarao, Michael Peters, Idupulapati M. Rao
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As part of the nitrogen (N) cycle in the soil, nitrification is an oxidation process mediated by microorganisms that transform the relatively immobile ammonium (NH4+)to the water soluble nitrate (NO3-), enabling the production of nitrous oxide (N2O, a potent greenhouse gas) by denitrification as a by-product (Canfield et al. 2010). Researchers at CIAT-Colombia in collaboration with JIRCAS-Japan, reported that Brachiaria humidicola forage grasses have the ability to inhibit the nitrification process by exuding chemical compounds from its roots to the soil. A major hydrophobic compound was discovered and named brachial-actone (Subbarao et …
Productivity Enhancement Of Livestock Through Promotion Of Fodder Cultivation In Jehanabad District,
2020
Bihar Agricultural University, India
Productivity Enhancement Of Livestock Through Promotion Of Fodder Cultivation In Jehanabad District, Shobha Rani, R. K. Sohane, Dinesh Mahto
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Livestock production is the backbone of Indian agriculture and also plays a key role in providing employment especially in rural areas. In India, there is no practice of fodder production in rural areas and animals generally consume naturally grown grasses and shrubs which are of low quality in terms of protein and available energy, they are thus heavily dependent on seasonal variations and this results in fluctuation in fodder supply round the year affecting supply of milk round the year. For proper growth and development of the livestock, feed management is of great importance. In Jehanabad district, majority of the …
Effects Of Supplemental Feeding Using Different Nitrogen Sources On Body Weight Gain And Physiological Conditions On Grazing Castrated Lambs In The Steppe Zone Of Mongolia,
2020
Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Mongolia
Effects Of Supplemental Feeding Using Different Nitrogen Sources On Body Weight Gain And Physiological Conditions On Grazing Castrated Lambs In The Steppe Zone Of Mongolia, Bayaraa Baasanjalbuu, Seishi Yamasaki, Gantumur Chuluunbat, Puruv Tsedevdorj
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The pastoral livestock production system in Mongolia has traditionally been operated in natural open pastures, which occupies approximately 80% area of the country. The productivity of the system is extremely seasonal, and the nutritional values of pasture plants such as crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) decrease until spring (Yamasaki et al., 2013), resulting in animals losing their live weight by spring. In recent years, the damage caused by disastrously snowy and cold conditions, termed dzud in Mongolian, has evidently worsened, thereby affecting farm management in the region. To overcome the dzud and establish a sustainable livestock production …
Nutrient Intake And Utilization In Jalauni Lambs Fed Azolla Meal Supplemented Diet,
2020
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India
Nutrient Intake And Utilization In Jalauni Lambs Fed Azolla Meal Supplemented Diet, M. M. Das, Rajiv K. Agrawal, J. B. Singh, Sunil Kumar, Satyapriya, Ravi Pratap Singh, Satendra Kumar
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Azolla is an important aquatic fungi due to the occurrence of both photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in the leaves and also because of its profuse growth habbit, it appears as a potential source of protein, minerals and vitamins for livestock feeding. Keeping in view of the increasing cost and heavy deficit of concentrate ingredients in the country, an attempt was made to replace mustard cake protein @ 25% and 50% levels with Azolla (Microphylla) meal protein in the ration of sheep to investigate the effect of supplementation of azolla meal on nutrient intake and utilization in growing Jalauni …
Effect Of Supplementation Of Dairy Cows Under Cut And Carry Or Grazing Of Irrigated Cultivated Pastures In Small Scale Dairy Systems In The Highlands Of Central Mexico,
2020
Universidad Autonoma Del Estado De Mexico, Mexico
Effect Of Supplementation Of Dairy Cows Under Cut And Carry Or Grazing Of Irrigated Cultivated Pastures In Small Scale Dairy Systems In The Highlands Of Central Mexico, J. Velarde-Guillen, Carloss Manuel Arriaga-Jordan, J. G. Estrada-Flores, A. A. Rayas-Amor, F. Vicente, A. Martinez-Fernandez, D. Heredia-Nava, C. M. Arriaga-Jordan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Small-scale dairy systems in Mexico represent over 78% of dairy farms and produce 37% of the nation’s milk, and have an important role in reducing rural poverty. Small-scale dairy systems are defined by having herds of 3 to 35 cows plus replacements, and rely mostly on the family for labour. In the central highlands, many small-scale dairy farms base the feeding of herds on irrigated cultivated pastures of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum, L. perenne) – white clover (Trifolium repens), mostly under cut-and-carry by hand with scythes, straws, and large amounts of commercial compound concentrates that result in …
Biodiversity Conservation Of Indigenous Grasses To Meet Fodder Deficit In Odisha,
2020
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, India
Biodiversity Conservation Of Indigenous Grasses To Meet Fodder Deficit In Odisha, Bijoy Kumar Sahoo, Binayak Dash
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Odisha, underfeeding of the livestock is the primary reason for decrease in production potential of the animals. On an average a desi cow of the state yields 0.214 kg of milk per day. The neglected calf management for generations also reduced the body weight of bullocks gradually. Low productivity of the indigenous and crossbred cows in the state is the absence of proper feeding material for them. The fodder availability in the state is ill matched to the livestock population. Out of the total greenfodder availability, contribution of cultivated green fodder is only 2.83% and majority (97.17 %) is …
Effect Of Supplementation Frequency On Forage Utilization By Heifers Grazing A Tropical Pasture During The Dry Season,
2020
Instituto de Investigación Animal para el Chaco Semiárido, Argentina
Effect Of Supplementation Frequency On Forage Utilization By Heifers Grazing A Tropical Pasture During The Dry Season, José Augusto Imaz, D. Dos Santos, O. Hernández, A. Radrizzani, J. I. Arroquy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In tropical pasture, low quality and availability forage during the dry season can limit the cattle intake. Energetic and protein supplementation is a viable practice to improve feed intake and animal performance. Previous studies have shown that infrequent protein supplementation decreases feeding cost achieving similar performance compared with every day supplementation (Farmer et al., 2004). Even though infrequent protein supplementation has been widely studied, little research has been carried out on infrequent energetic supplementation, especially its effect on pasture utilization. Some evidence indicates that negative effects on forage use at low levels of infrequent supplementation (Beaty et al., 1994). …
Use Of Surveys, Field Demonstrations And Time Tapse Photography For Delivery Of Forage Extension Information,
2020
University of Kentucky
Use Of Surveys, Field Demonstrations And Time Tapse Photography For Delivery Of Forage Extension Information, S. Ray Smith, Garry D. Lacefield, Gabriel Roberts
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is often difficult to extend research information to forage producers in a format that they can understand and utilize. Over the last 10 years, University of Kentucky forage extension specialists have developed several effective extension tools to determine and show the effect of harvest and grazing height on Dactylis glomerata (L.) stand persistence and regrowth. D. glomerata is a widely planted forage species for hay and pasture in the USA based on its high productivity, forage quality and palatability (Lacefield and Ball, 2013).
Restoration Of Arid Grasslands: Issues And Strategies,
2020
Central Arid Zone Research Institute, India
Restoration Of Arid Grasslands: Issues And Strategies, R. K. Bhatt, M. P. Rajora, Ramavtar Sharma
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Economy of the Thar Desert of India, lying between 24-29°N latitude and 70-76°E longitude, is closely linked with the raising of livestock which mainly depends upon the native rangelands for their sustenance. Pearl millet, moth bean, cluster bean, range grasses and legumes, trees and shrubs are the major components of arid ecosystem. Perennial grasses, viz., buffel grass, bird wood grass, sewan and gramna are the dominating pasture species of the region. Due to frequent droughts and overgrazing, the productivity of the natural grasslands of the region has been steadily decreasing leading to reduced carrying capacity between 0.2-0.5 ACU per ha, …
Buffalo Rearing System In Bhadawari Breeding Tract,
2020
Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, India
Buffalo Rearing System In Bhadawari Breeding Tract, B. P. Kushwaha, Sultan Singh, S. B. Maity, K. K. Singh, Asim Kumar Misra
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bhadawari buffalo is one of the recognized buffalo breeds in India, known for high milk fat content, which may go as high as 14% (Kushwaha et al., 2012). Zachariah (1941) had first described this breed as “Bhadawan” buffalo – the best breed of buffaloes in Uttar Pradesh and found in the districts of Agra and Etah (Central India). Presently Bhadawari Buffaloes are found in the ravines of Yamuna and Chambal rivers spread over in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. These buffaloes have adapted to the harsh conditions of the ravines with undulating topography, thorny and scanty …
Strategic Supplementation For Compensatory Growth In Tharparkar Calves Fed Low Quality Forages,
2020
Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, India
Strategic Supplementation For Compensatory Growth In Tharparkar Calves Fed Low Quality Forages, S. K. Mahanta, M. M. Das
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
When animals are kept under feed restriction for a certain period of time followed by availability of feed again had high growth rate and even exceeded those of animals that were well fed throughout the same period (Tolla et al., 2003), because of physiological impulse called compensatory gain. Thus it improves feed efficiency and reduces feeding cost (Neto et al., 2011). However, when this happens in females growing calves it is desirable, provided it does not occur during puberty so that there is no reproductive damage. But compensatory growth varies depending upon the intensity and duration of under nutrition …
Nitrogen And Radiation Use Efficiency In Temperate Pastures For Low Quality Soils,
2020
Universidad Nacional de Luján, Argentina
Nitrogen And Radiation Use Efficiency In Temperate Pastures For Low Quality Soils, Natalia M. Correa, Jorge O. Scheneiter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the humid pampa of Argentina, tall fescue is used in wet or low fertility soils whereas tall wheatgrass is used in flooded and alkaline environments (Maddaloni y Ferrari 2005). Autumn and winter growth rates are lower than in spring, and higher in tall fescue than in tall wheatgrass. In these species, maximum responses to nitrogen (N) fertilization occurs when it is done at the end of winter, but livestock farmers sometimes fertilize swards in late summer with the aim to get more forage in late autumn and winter. Due to the characteristics of the environments to which they adapt …
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertiliser Applications On Botanical Composition,
2020
University of Tasmania, Australia
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertiliser Applications On Botanical Composition, Lydia R. Turner, Daniel J. Donaghy, Keith G. Pembleton, Richard P. Rawnsley
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The diminishing returns associated with nitrogen (N) fertiliser use over time are well recognised, as are the detrimental effect to the environment of excess N fertiliser use (Eckard 1998). However, many Tasmanian dairy farmers apply continually high rates of N fertiliser (e.g. in excess of 500 kg/ha annually) to minimise risk associated with variable pasture dry matter (DM) yields, and this often occurs at the expense of white clover populations within the pasture (Frame 1990; Frame et al. 1998). The responses of botanical composition and perennial ryegrass DM yields to N fertiliser application rate were investigated in the …
Carbohydrate To Protein Ratio In Perennial Ryegrass: Effects Of Defoliation Stage And Nitrogen Rate,
2020
Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
Carbohydrate To Protein Ratio In Perennial Ryegrass: Effects Of Defoliation Stage And Nitrogen Rate, Pablo A. Loaiza, Oscar A. Balocchi, Annick Bertrand, Ignacio F. López
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In intensive grass-based systems, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) grazed at early stages has a high crude protein content (CP) and low water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) relative to animal requirements. This imbalance leads to low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and a large loss of N excreted to the environment (Dijkstra et al. 2011). Previous research has shown the importance of the WSC:PC ratio as a useful factor that determines the improvement of the animal’s performance in terms of nitrogen utilization (Cosgrove et al. 2007). However, little is known about how the management of defoliation at specific growth …
Effect Of Organic Nitrogen Levels On N Fixation In Pea-Barley Mixture,
2020
Korea National Open University, South Korea
Effect Of Organic Nitrogen Levels On N Fixation In Pea-Barley Mixture, H. W. Lee, J. D. Kim, C. H. Kim
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One limitation in organic farming is short supply of forage. Organic fertilizer including cattle manure is overproduced in Korea but farmers are reluctant to use these kinds of resources because of heavy weight and handling cost. Legumes are of crucial importance for the N supply of grassland farming. They convert atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to plant available N through symbiosis. Information on N2 fixation and transfer is lacking in Asian countries with a lot of results coming from EU and America. The objective of this report was to estimate potential N fixation and determine related benefits from intercropping …
Rhizobium-White Clover Symbiosis And Nitrogen Fixation Along A Soil Organic Carbon Gradient,
2020
Western Cape Department of Agriculture, South Africa
Rhizobium-White Clover Symbiosis And Nitrogen Fixation Along A Soil Organic Carbon Gradient, Pieter A. Swanepoel, Philip R. Botha, Wayne F. Truter, A. Karen J. Surridge-Talbot, Alicia Van Der Merwe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sustainable cultivated pasture production in the southern Cape region of South Africa requires management practices that will support soil quality (Swanepoel and Botha 2012). Soil organic carbon (Corg) sequestration is regarded as one of the most important ways to promote soil quality. Dairy farmers in the southern Cape attempt to increase Corg by following minimum-tillage practices. These irrigated dairy-pastures require high levels of nitrogen (N) to maintain highly productive pastures. Nitrogen fertilisers have be-come very expensive and severely strain profitability of these dairy-pastures. Forage legumes are frequently incorporated into the grass pastures to overcome economic and environmental …
Nutrient Composition And Flux In A Semi-Arid Grazing Land Of Southern India,
2020
Rubber Research Institute of India, India
Nutrient Composition And Flux In A Semi-Arid Grazing Land Of Southern India, K. Karunaichamy, K. Paliwal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The distribution and cycling of minerals in various compartments of the ecosystem form one of the important aspects of ecosystem study. The uptake of nutrients through the root system and their release via litter and root decomposition depends upon a number of factors including the species, growth and stage of maturity. The semi-arid grazing land ecosystem at Madurai has developed under short evolutionary grazing histories and low moisture regimes, in which grazing pressure has had dramatic effects on the plant community and biomass (Karunaichamy 1992). The biological cycle includes circulation of nutrients between soil and biotic communities by the phenomena …
Use Of Monsoon Herbage (Amaranthus Spp.) In Complete Feed Block For Sheep Feeding,
2020
Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, India
Use Of Monsoon Herbage (Amaranthus Spp.) In Complete Feed Block For Sheep Feeding, R. S. Bhatt, A. Sahoo, S. K. Sankhyan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Favourable climatic condition and faster vegetation growth during monsoon season leads to abundance of forage production, which remained mostly unutilized by the grazing herbivores. Chaulai (Amaranthus spp) is one of the local green biomass that grows very fast after first monsoon shower and is not preferably grazed in comparison to other available grazing resources during monsoon. A huge quantity (dry biomass yield of approximately 10-15 Q/ha) of this biomass is therefore gone waste in due course, not being harvested or utilized. This plant is quite rich in protein (CP 10-14%) with succulent leaves and tender stems and has varying palatability …
