Weed Science Commons^™

Development Of A Reference Set Of Sorghum (Sorghum Spp.) For Cyanogenic Potential (Hcn-P) And Evaluating Their Fodder Yield Traits, B. J. Karthikeyan, C. Babu, A. John Joel, S. Ganeshram

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) the fifth most important cereal crop of the world is also valued for its fodder and stover. In India, fodder sorghum is grown in 2.6 mha mainly in western UP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi and fulfils over two-third of the fodder demand.

Sorghum has four desirable qualities viz., high dry matter yield, light, water and nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum stover is valued over all other sources of fodder. Thus, sorghum is used as fodder to the domestic animals for its better performance. The projected demand for fodder in India in 2020 is expected …

Assessment Of Fodder Production Potential Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa L.) Genotypes For Sustainable Live Stock Production, T. Shashikala, M. Shanti, R. Suseela, M. Anuradha, R. V. T. Balazzii Naaiik, V. Chandrika

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is a temperate perennial legume capable of producing high quality forage throughout the year. The plant also contains sufficient concentrations of vitamins and most minerals for all classes of livestock. Livestock production can be substantially increased by using lucerne. It is a persistent, productive as well as heat and drought resistant crop which provides better and wet seasons. It tolerates short spell of drought but not water logging and high humidity in the rainy season. Cultivated lucerne is an out crossing auto- tetraploid plant developed by combining different M. sativa and M. falcate germplasm sources …

Study On Protein Related To Heat Tolerance Of Medicago Sativa L. 'Deqin', Yan Zhao, Yufen Bi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

High temperature over the growth threshold of plants can cause their metabolic and developmental changes, and consequently bring about their slow growth (Lobell et al., 2008). Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a high-quality legume suitable for growing in semi-arid areas. Its poor thermo tolerance restricts its introduction and popularization in southern China and transitional zone. Fall dormancy is an important indicator for planting planning of alfalfa (Barnes et al., 1977. Existing research shows that alfalfa varieties with a higher fall dormancy rate (FDR) have a stronger heat resistance (Lu, 1998). M. sativa L. ‘Deqin’ (hereinafter referred to …

Drought Tolerance Screening Of Avena Species By Inducing Water Stress Conditions At Vegetative And Flowering Stage, Harish C. Pandey

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Oats is the most important cereal fodder crop grown in the winter season in the north western, central India and now extending to the eastern region. In India it is grown in Punjab, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Bengal. Oat is a high yielding crop and the average yield varies from 45-55 ton of green fodder per hectare. Oat is ranked sixth in world cereal production statistics following wheat, maize, rice, barley and sorghum. Mostly oats are grown as green fodder and grain to be used as a feed for cattle. Since …

Mfc-09-1: A New Forage Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Variety For South Zone Of India, H. C. Lohithaswa, M. R. Krishnappa, B. G. Shekara, N. M. Chikkarugi, N. Manasa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is a leguminous crop grown throughout West Africa, often in association with pearl millet and sorghum. Cowpea is well adapted to the harsh growing conditions, including low soil fertility, high temperatures, and drought. Cowpea can fix atmospheric nitrogen to improve soil fertility and cropping system productivity. Additionally, farmers feed cowpea fodder to livestock to increase income, and collect the manure produced for use in their fields thereby reduces farmers’ reliance on commercial fertilizers and sustains soil fertility. Previous studies with cowpea indicated that this legume improves soil fertility and enhances the intake and utilization …

Spectral Reflectance Indices And Their Relationship With Dry Mater Production In An Association Mapping Population Of White Clover, Luis Inostroza, Hernán Acuña, Catalina Vasquez, Joel Ibañez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Increase yield and yield-stability under abiotic stress conditions (cold, drought, among others) is a global challenge in the breeding of perennial forage species, due to the new climatic scenarios imposed by the global changes. The modern breeding offering tools that allow for manipulating the genotype/phenotype relationship (association mapping analysis) and to accelerate the genetic gain rates for traits with low heritability and high genotype x environment interaction. The next-generation sequencing methodologies allow for characterizing, in short time period and low cost, complex genomes as the white clover. Nowadays, modern breeding is demanding high-throughput phenotyping methodologies that allows for characterizing a …

Influence Of Six Herbicides Applied To Silage Corn On Fall Planted Rye And Radish Cover Crop Growth In South Dakota Soils, Sydney Pridie

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Spring preemergence herbicide applications are often used for burndown of existing weeds and residual control, eliminating weed presence during early season crop growth. There has been an increase in the interest in planting cover crops soon after cash crop removal, due to the potential soil and production benefits. However, soil herbicide residuals may result in poor cover crop growth. This study examined the growth of radish (Raphanus sativa) and rye (Secale cereal), species often used as cover crops, in soils that had been treated with residual herbicides about 100 d prior to cover crop planting. The …

Effects Of Polyethylene Glycol-Induced Water Stress On The Physiological And Biochemical Responses Of Different Sorghum Genotypes, Jeong-Sung Jung, Zada Muhammad, Ki-Won Lee, Jin-Youg Mun, Hyung-Soo Park, Young-Jin Kim, Won-Ho Kim, Sang-Hoon Lee, Sang-Hack Lee

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Globally, abiotic stress is the primary cause of crop loss, reducing the average yields of most major crop plants by more than 50% (Bray et. al., 2000). Drought stress is one of the most widespread environmental stresses when the total area of arable land is classified according to the occurrence of various stress factors (Arora et al., 2002).

Drought and other abiotic stresses limit the photosynthetic activity of various crops, which in turn reduces the production of photosynthetic assimilates. Almost every developmental stage of the plant is affected by water stress. However, it has been observed that drought …

Interspecific Hybridisation Between Trifolium Repens And T. Occidentale For The Improvement Of Drought Tolerance In White Clover, Syed Wajid Hussain, Warren M. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trifolium repens (white clover) is one of the most important forage legumes in temperate region of the world. Phylogenetically it is an allotetraploid between T. pallescens and T. occidentale (Williams et al., 2012). Stands of white clover, although a perennial, often decline significantly by drought stress (Van Den Bosch et al., 1993).

T. occidentale is a diploid (2n=2x=16) stoloniferous perennial clover that grows naturally in saline, dry habitats and as such may be a useful source of genes to improve the drought tolerance of white clover cultivars (Hussain and Williams, 2013). Although white clover has been …

Combining Ability Studies In Cowpea For Dual Purpose Types, K. Sridhar, Vinod Kumar, Narendra S. Kulkarni, G. Sahay

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) is widely grown all over India more particularly in central and peninsular regions. Grains are consumed as food and the haulms are fed to livestock as a nutritious fodder. Cowpea is is equally important as nutritious fodder for livestock. The use of cowpea as a dual-purpose crop is attractive in mixed crop/livestock systems where land and feed are becoming increasingly scarce (Tarawali et al., 1997) especially in the dry season. Efforts at global level (IITA & ILRI) focused to develop medium-maturing (85-95 days), semi-erect, dual-purpose varieties with higher grain and fodder yields and …

Contributions Of Different Regulatory Mechanisms To Osmotic Potential Changes In Three Caragana Species On The Mongolian Plateau, Zhirong Zheng, Shihai Lu, Shengxing Ye, Zhaoyan Diao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The genus Caragana of legume family is endemic to the temperate grasslands of Eurasia (Cao et al., 1999). Caragana species are broadly distributed in the temperate Asia zone (E30°–140°, N28°–56°). Caragana microphylla, Caragana davazamcii, and Caragana korshinskii are typical representatives of the genus Caragana in central Asia. The three Caragana species exhibit a geographically substituted distribution from east (semi arid habitat) to west (arid habitat) on the Mongolian Plateau. Existing studies investigating the reasons for the interspecific geographical transition of the three Caragana species have primarily focused on RAPD analysis, photosynthetic capacity, and hydraulic architecture. In contrast, information …

Genetic Variability In Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Germplasm Conserved At Icrisat Genebank, Santosh K. Pattanashetti, H. D. Upadhyaya, Michael Blummel, K. N. Reddy, Y. Ramanareddy, Vinod Kumar, Sube Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Napier grass or elephant grass [Pennisetum purpureum Schum.] is an important forage crop in tropical and sub-tropical regions valued for its high biomass production, perennial nature, pest resistance, and forage quality. It is a unique grass species with high dry matter, which sustains its utilization for direct animal grazing and as a feed complement during drought periods. It has additional advantages like preventing soil erosion and improving soil fertility. Napier grass also has potential for bioenergy production and conversion to alcohol or methane due to its rapid growth and degradable biomass characteristics. The present study was planned to assess …

Status And Role Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Sexual And Apomictic Species Of Boechera, Manoj Kumar Srivastava, Mayelyn Mateo De Arias, David A. Sherwood, John G. Carman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidation systems provide protection against the toxic effects of activated oxygen species including scavenging H₂O₂. It is evident that during stress plants produce different ROS which play a negative role in regulating the antioxidant system and a positive role in signaling events that regulate ion channel activity and gene expression Microarray data indicate that ovules and pistils from apomictic Boechera differ in gene expression from those of sexual Boechera. Specifically, these differences involve genes responsible for stress response, RNA processing, ribosome synthesis and function, photosynthesis and cell cycle regulation. Thus, in the …

Predicting The Yield Potential Of Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) Genotypes Across India Through G X E Analysis, C. Babu, K. Iyanar, A. Kalamani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A native of Africa, Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) was introduced to almost all tropical countries as a source of animal fodder. It is an ideal forage plant being perennial in growth habit, grows well on a wide variety of soils and tolerant of shade and fire, but not to water logging or severe drought. It also responds quickly to fertilizer and watering. Because of these desirable features, guinea grass is well established throughout tropical countries of both hemispheres where it plays an important role in dairy production.

Owing to the cultivation of this crop in varied agro-climatic conditions …

Genetic Divergence In Guinea Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.), B. P. Sudrik, Mareen Abraham, Usha C. Thomas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Guinea grass is ideal forage crop and grows well on a wide variety of soil and even under light shade of tree and bushes and can survive long dry spell and quick moving fires which does not harm underground root. In order to improve productivity, adaptability and quality of Guinea grass, it is important to understand the genetic diversity which exists in the population which also helps in their conservation and germplasm management (Tiwari and Chandra, 2010). The present study was undertaken to estimate the amount of diversity among 37 germplasm accessions (Panicum maximum Jacq.) and to identify diverse …

Collecting Genetic Resources Of Major Forage Grasses In India: Progress And Future Strategies, Sudhir Pal Ahlawat, K. Pradheep

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Indian gene centre possesses rich genetic and species diversity in native forage grasses (1256 spp.), as about one third of them, chiefly belonging to the tribes namely Andropogoneae, Paniceae and Eragrostideae, are of forage importance (Handbook of Agriculture, 2009). Forage grasses are important source of livestock feed. Collecting genetic diversity in major native forage species, occurring in both wild (mostly in rangelands) and cultivated state, is of paramount importance in conservation and use. Considerable genetic variability has also been generated in some introduced forages (e.g. Panicum maximum, Brachiaria spp.) as a result of repeated introductions followed by acclimatization due to …

Quality Of Fodder Cowpea Varieties As Influenced By Soil Moisture Stress Levels, S. Lakshmi, M. R. Anita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A serious drawback of sustainable livestock production system in Kerala is the inadequate seasonal distribution of fodder production. The quantity and quality of herbage available in the lean dry months from January to May is very low. Therefore it is imperative to develop a fodder production system that increases the availability and improves the quality of herbage in the dry summer months. Fodder cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a legume inherently more tolerant to drought than other fodder legumes (Fatokun et al., 2009) and considered as a crop capable of improving sustainability of livestock production through its …

Molecular Diversity In Sewan Grass (Lasiurus Sindicus Henr.): A Natural Inhabitant Of Hot Arid Ecosystem Of Thar Desert, Rajwant K. Kalia, R. K. Bhatt, Ramavtar Sharma, M. P. Rajora, Rama Dadheech

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lasiurus sindicus Henr., locally known as “Sewan”, a member of family poaceae, is a tufted perennial, forming a more or less oblique and woody rhizomatous rootstock with many shoots arising from the base, often appearing almost bushy. This grass has developed a number of morphological, anatomical and biochemical strategies to withstand the extreme climatic conditions. The leaves show characteristic C₄ NADP-ME type of anatomy and have developed sclerenchyma to impart mechanical strength during drought and high wind. Sewan is a dominating grass species of Dichanthium-Cenchrus–Lasiurus type grass lands of hot arid ecosystem of Great Indian Desert, covering western Rajasthan …

Legumes Of Forage Value: Their Diversity And Priority For Collection In India, E. Roshini Nayar, Anjula Panndey, K. Pradheep, Rita Gupta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Indian subcontinent is a megacentre of agro-diversity. Legumes have a special place with several native crops and economically important species occurring along forest margins and openings, pastures, grasslands and grazing lands. Several are dual-purpose species for food and feed. However, herbage legumes though major components of grasslands and with a major role in their quality and improvement lack persistence as compared to grasses and their collection, maintenance and conservation assumes importance in the wake of change and loss of habitats of native species and introduction of new germplasm with forage potential. Establishing the correct identity of species is therefore a …

Phenotypic Variability Of Cenchrus Ciliaris L. Germplasm In Field Gene Bank, C. S. Shantharaja, R. K. Bhatt, M. P. Rajora

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The world faces a continual need to increase forage crop productivity, and to develop new varieties more adapted to changing environmental and biological challenges, and evolving needs of Local communities. One of the main reasons for under-utilization of germplasm, according to curators, breeders and other users of plant genetic resources, is the lack of adequate passport, characterization and evaluation data (Biodiversity International, 2007). Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) is a C₄ perennial grass of arid lands distributed over hotter and drier parts of India, Mediterranean region and tropical and southern Africa. This forage grass is under the focus …