The Input Of Forage Legumes In Sustainable Grassland Systems,
2023
Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Lithuania
The Input Of Forage Legumes In Sustainable Grassland Systems, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, L. Sarunaite
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There is increased interest in sustainable grassland systems. One step towards sustainability is expansion of legume use, because of their potential to fix and transfer nitrogen (N) to subsequent crops. However, legumes can also have negative aspects, such as difficulties in establishment (Porqueddu et al., 2003), lack of persistence, N loss (Scholefield et al., 2002) and accumulation of soil borne disease agents (Kadziulis, 2001). The large variability within legume swards and between years in pastures and leys has encouraged us to search for possibilities to achieve stability of their inputs in sustainable grassland systems.
The Interaction Of Management With Botanical Composition Of Irrigated Grass-Legume Pasture Mixtures In The Intermountain West Usa,
2023
Utah State University
The Interaction Of Management With Botanical Composition Of Irrigated Grass-Legume Pasture Mixtures In The Intermountain West Usa, J. W. Macadam, T. C. Griggs, G. J. Mileski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Beef produced on semi-arid range and milk produced in confinement are the main agricultural commodities in the semi-arid western USA. The studies reported here were undertaken to determine the suitability of irrigated pasture as an alternative to traditional beef and dairy production systems. The clipping and grazing studies were not run concurrently or within the same field, but were successive steps in selecting mixtures best-suited for rotational stocking of irrigated pastures in the Intermountain West. Summaries of productivity data have been reported elsewhere (MacAdam, 2002; MacAdam et al., 2004).
Use Of Novel Spatial Presentations Of Plant Species To Improve Legume Abundance,
2023
Imperial College London, UK
Use Of Novel Spatial Presentations Of Plant Species To Improve Legume Abundance, J. M. Sharp, M. J. Jeger, R. W. Fraser, G. R. Edwards
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The benefits of using white clover (Trifolium repens) in pasture grazed by sheep have been widely recognised. However, clover is considered inadequate and risky as the main source of nitrogen input, since its abundance in the pasture is patchy, low (typically less than 20%) and shows great year-to-year variation. This is thought to be due to the costs of nitrogen fixation, competition with grass, the preference for clover by sheep and patchy dung and urine deposition (Schwinning & Parsons, 1996). One possible solution may be the spatial separation of clover from grass, which would remove inter-specific competition, allowing clover to …
Italian Ryegrass And Barley Mixture For Forage Production: Effect Of Harvesting Time On Yield And Quality In Northern Latitudes,
2023
MTT Agrifood Research, Finland
Italian Ryegrass And Barley Mixture For Forage Production: Effect Of Harvesting Time On Yield And Quality In Northern Latitudes, Oiva Nissinen, O. Niemeläinen, M. Kontturi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In northern latitudes forage cereal and Italian ryegrass (IRG) mixtures provide a good source of forage in situations where perennial swards have suffered winter damages (Nissinen, 1994). In this experiment harvesting time of the first cut of an IRG-barley mixture was studied to optimise the yield and quality in the growing season. The objective of the study was to assess if harvesting an IRG-barley mixture later than two weeks after heading, as currently recommended, offers benefits.
Italian Ryegrass And Whole Crop Cereal Mixture: Effect Of Sowing Rate And Maturity On Variety On Yield And Botanical Composition In Northern Latitudes,
2023
MTT Agrifood Research, Finland
Italian Ryegrass And Whole Crop Cereal Mixture: Effect Of Sowing Rate And Maturity On Variety On Yield And Botanical Composition In Northern Latitudes, O. Niemeläinen, Oiva Nissinen, M. Kontturi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The profitability of a dairy farm using whole crop cereals (WCC) is better in Finland than that of a farm producing combine harvested cereals and grass silage (Turunen, 2000). The main reason for that is the decrease in the machinery costs. However, quality of the WCC yield can vary considerably depending on the ear- straw ration. This may lead to problems in feeding. In this experiment we studied the effect of sowing rate and growing time of the cereal cultivar on the botanical composition, quality and yield of the WCC harvest. The objective was to study if it would be …
The Effect Of Defoliation Interval On Regrowth Of Tall Fescue,
2023
University of Tasmania, Australia
The Effect Of Defoliation Interval On Regrowth Of Tall Fescue, K. A. Adamczewski, Danny J. Donaghy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage yield, persistence and quality optimise when defoliation interval is based on physiological indicators, such as leaf regrowth stage. Examples include ryegrass (Fulkerson & Donaghy, 2001), cocksfoot (Rawnsley et al., 2002), prairie grass (Fulkerson et al., 2000) and kikuyu (Reeves et al., 1996). Yield, persistence and quality optimise because leaf regrowth stage relates closely to plant energy reserves, which generally peak as the number of live leaves/tiller maximise. More frequent defoliation than the optimum reduces energy reserves and leads to a smaller root system, fewer tillers and retarded growth rate (Fulkerson & Donaghy, 2001). Based on plant …
Yield And Nutritive Value Of Heading And Headless Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids In Response To Cutting Frequency,
2023
National Livestock Research Institute, South Korea
Yield And Nutritive Value Of Heading And Headless Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids In Response To Cutting Frequency, J. K. Lee, H. S. Park, Y. C. Lim, S. Seo, B. H. Paek, J. H. Fike
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Summer annual forages contribute greatly toward solving the problem of roughage supply for cattle in Korea. These forages support high levels of dairy and beef production during hot summer months when the quality and production of perennial herbage decreases due to unfavourable climatic conditions (Olson, 1971). This study investigated the effects of cutting frequency on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value of heading versus headless varieties of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid.
Selection Of Forages For The Tropics (Soft) - A Database And Selection Tool For Identifying Forages Adapted To Local Conditions In The Tropics And Subtropics,
2023
CSIRO, Australia
Selection Of Forages For The Tropics (Soft) - A Database And Selection Tool For Identifying Forages Adapted To Local Conditions In The Tropics And Subtropics, B. C. Pengelly, B. G. Cook, I. J. Partridge, D. A. Eagles, M. Peters, J. Hanson, S. D. Brown, J. L. Donnelly, B. F. Mullen, R. Schultze-Kraft, A. Franco, R. O'Brien
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rising populations and incomes in developing countries are likely to double demand for livestock products by 2020 (Delgado et al. 1999). This strong demand has potential to improve profitability for farmers but will require improved animal feeding in both semi-intensive crop-livestock and more extensive livestock systems. Forages usually are the most cost-effective option to supply feed demands, particularly for ruminant-, but also for pig- and poultry- production. It is critical to select the most suitable forages for the local system and conditions. Small- and even larger-scale farmers depend heavily on advice from extension and development agencies, and from seed …
Response Of Arachis Pintoi To Grazing Intensity When Associated With Different Grasses,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Response Of Arachis Pintoi To Grazing Intensity When Associated With Different Grasses, C. M. S. De Andrade, R. Garcia, Judson F. Valentim, O. G. Pereira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lack of legume persistence is one of the main reasons for poor utilisation of grass-legume pastures in the tropics. Arachis pintoi (forage peanut) is currently the most promising forage legume for the humid tropics, mainly because of good persistence under grazing (Grof, 1985; Fisher & Cruz, 1995). The objective of this work was to show how two accessions of A. pintoi react to increasing herbage allowance levels when associated with two different grasses.
Performance Of Dual-Purpose Cows On A Native Pasture-Arachis Pintoi Association In The Humid Tropics Of Mexico,
2023
CEIEGT, Mexico
Performance Of Dual-Purpose Cows On A Native Pasture-Arachis Pintoi Association In The Humid Tropics Of Mexico, E. Castillo-Gallegos, J. Jarillo-Rodríguez, E. Ocaña-Zavaleta, B. Marín-Mejía, L. 'T Mannetje, A. Aluja-Schunemann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Native grasslands (NG) are the main feed supply of dual-purpose (DP) cows of the Mexican humid tropics. NG comprise about 85% of Paspalum, Axonopus and Cynodon species, about 5% of native legumes, mainly of Desmodium, and the remaining 10% are narrow and broad leafed weeds. Arachis pintoi (AP) is a persistent grazing tolerant tropical legume. In association with sown grasses, it has improved dry matter (DM) yield, nutritive quality of forage, and milk yield up to 9 kg/cow/day (González et al., 1996). The objective was to determine if productive performance of DP cows could be improved by …
Production And Persistence Of A Native Pasture-Arachis Pintoi Association In The Humid Tropics Of Mexico,
2023
CEIEGT, Mexico
Production And Persistence Of A Native Pasture-Arachis Pintoi Association In The Humid Tropics Of Mexico, E. Castillo-Gallegos, L. 'T Mannetje, A. Aluja-Schunemann
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Arachis pintoi (Ap) is a highly persistent legume. This study aimed at: (i) determining if introducing Ap CIAT 17434 into a NG pasture affected its standing dry matter (SDM) and botanical composition (BC, %) and (ii) verifying if Ap would be as persistent as it is with introduced grasses (IG).
Variation Within The Species Macroptilium Atropurpureum Regarding Adaptation To Grazing,
2023
CSIRO, Australia
Variation Within The Species Macroptilium Atropurpureum Regarding Adaptation To Grazing, Cam K. Mcdonald, R. J. Clements
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The twining legume Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro was released around 1960 (Hutton 1962) and the rust resistant cultivar Aztec was released in 1994 (Bray & Woodroffe 1995). The species showed great potential for pastures in northern Australia and was planted over some 220 Kha in the 1960's and 70's. The species was high yielding and readily eaten by cattle. However, by the early 1980's the species had declined dramatically in grazed pastures. Clements (1989) showed that a major problem with Siratro was the frequency of removal of growing points. This leads to less regrowth after grazing, less seed set and …
Experiences With Establishing Legumes As Part Of A Ley Pasture In A Low-Input Farming System Of The Eastern Amazon, Brazil,
2023
University of Göttingen, Germany
Experiences With Establishing Legumes As Part Of A Ley Pasture In A Low-Input Farming System Of The Eastern Amazon, Brazil, S. Hohnwald, B. Rischkowsky, A. P. Camarão, J. A. Rodrigues-Filho, R. Schultze-Kraft, J. M. King
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Eastern Amazon extensive pasture management by smallholders can result in degradation of grassland, leading to unproductive and abandoned agricultural areas (Dias-Filho, 2003). To avoid long and costly restoration of those areas, ley-systems with alternating cropping and pasture phases might offer a promising solution. The inclusion of N-fixing legumes is seen as a suitable method to improve soil fertility during the pasture phase. As mono-cultures seem not to be appropriate, given the phytodiverse climax vegetation in the humid tropics, a combination of various shrub and herbaceous legume species is proposed. Thus, this paper tests a grass-legume mixture to replace …
The Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value Of Wet Tolerant Tropical Forage Legumes In Single Cropping Or Mixed Cropping With Gramineous Forage Crops In Drained Paddy Field,
2023
University of Miyazaki, Japan
The Dry Matter Yield And Nutritive Value Of Wet Tolerant Tropical Forage Legumes In Single Cropping Or Mixed Cropping With Gramineous Forage Crops In Drained Paddy Field, Manabu Tobisa, Y. Nakano, K. Okano, Masataka Shimojo, Yasuhisa Masuda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Japan the production of rice has been controlled since the 1970's and some parts of the paddy fields have been laid off for forage production. However, in poorly-drained fields or fields with high ground water table, forage species with high tolerance of wet conditions are required. The tropical forage legumes Aeschynomene americana cv. Glenn (Glenn) and Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb. cv. Murray (phasey bean) have a high wet endurance (Bishop et al., 1985; Tobisa et al., 1999) and show high dry matter productivity (Skerman et al., 1988; Tobisa et al., 1999). The objective of this …
Enhancement Of Grassland Production Through Integration Of Forage Legumes In Semi-Arid Rangelands Of Kenya,
2023
KARI-Kenya Soil Survey, Kenya
Enhancement Of Grassland Production Through Integration Of Forage Legumes In Semi-Arid Rangelands Of Kenya, P. N. Macharia, J. I. Kinyamario, W. N. Ekaya, C. K. K. Gachene
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Livestock production in semi-arid rangelands of Kenya is limited by the seasonal quantity and quality of fodder. Kirkman & Carvalho (2003) stated that these inter- and intra-seasonal quality and quantity fluctuations result in nutrient deficits that severely limit livestock production potential. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of three forage legumes on the production of natural pastures in semi-arid rangelands of Kenya.
Desmanthus: A New Forage Legume To Improve Wool Growth In Tropical Australia,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Desmanthus: A New Forage Legume To Improve Wool Growth In Tropical Australia, J. H. De A. Rangel, Carlos A. M. Gomide
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In tropical Australia, very short and erratic wet seasons are the critical factors in determining forage growth and animal production (Wheeler & Freer, 1986). Grasses are highly susceptible to low rainfall and animal production in such conditions become strictly seasonal. Improvements in meat and wool production by the introduction of stylo species (Stylosanthes sp.) into natural grasslands have been intensively reported (Gillard & Winter, 1984). However, there are currently no suitable introduced legumes for the c.28 million ha of Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) plains in heavy clay soils of western North Queensland, grazed predominately by wool producing Merino …
Recent Advances In Stylosanthes Research In Tropical America,
2023
Australia
Recent Advances In Stylosanthes Research In Tropical America, Bela Grof, Celso D. Fernandes, Jaqueline R. Verzignassi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The potential of neotropical savannas is very large for pasture-based livestock systems. There are 250 million ha of well-drained lowland savannas in the American tropics. Over 200 million ha are situated in the Cerrados region of Brazil. The Cerrados support 42% of the national herd. Although these ranges support large populations of livestock, productivity is generally low. Poor nutritive value of native pastures and monospecific swards of Brachiaria spp. is the principal cause of this low productivity, especially in the dry season when these grasslands often provide no more than 60% of the animal's maintenance requirements. The best option to …
Desmodium Velutinum: A High-Quality Shrub Legume For Acid Soils In The Tropics,
2023
University of Hohenheim, Germany
Desmodium Velutinum: A High-Quality Shrub Legume For Acid Soils In The Tropics, R. Schultze-Kraft, M. Peters, N. Vivas, F. Parra, L. H. Franco
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Drought tolerant legume shrubs can enhance the sustainability of smallholder production systems in the tropics through the provision, year-round, of high-quality feed and through their positive effect on soil. Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. is one of the few shrub species that have been identified as (1) well adapted to acid tropical soils and (2) of good nutritive value (Schultze-Kraft, 1996). It is a perennial native to SE Asia and tropical Africa growing up to 3 m high, the velutinous (velvety) surfaces of its 1-foliolate leaves being a characteristic feature. It grows well on soils ranging from pH 4.0 to alkaline, …
Agronomic Evaluation Of Twenty Ecotypes Of Leucaena Spp. For Acid Soil Conditions In México,
2023
INIFAP, Mexico
Agronomic Evaluation Of Twenty Ecotypes Of Leucaena Spp. For Acid Soil Conditions In México, J. F. Enríquez-Quiroz, A. Hernández-Garay, A. R. Quero-Carrillo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Leucaena leucocephala Lam. (de Witt) has been shown to be a good forage producer and to posses good persistence under grazing conditions in México tolerating well the management of local cattlemen (Quero et al., 2004). The Leucaena genus is native to Central America and Mexico (Hughes, 1998), but L. leucocephala is a low producer under acid soil conditions. The natural diversity is a good source of resistance to acid soil conditions resistance and to other adverse factors. Several Leucaena accessions were evaluated for production under acid soil conditions in tropical Mexico.
Leucaena Production In Arid Botswana,
2023
Department of Agricultural Research, Botswana
Leucaena Production In Arid Botswana, F. P. Wandera, M. Karachi, S. Mangope, B. M. Lefofe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The value of browse species as a source of nitrogen for grazing animals is restricted to wet seasons, with protein deficiencies being experienced by September (in dry winter season) in Southern Africa (Moleele 1998). This is when highly productive planted browse species would become useful to supplement the protein diet requirement of grazing animals (Morris & Du Toit 1998). Further, browse species can provide partly for protein requirement of intensive production systems, such as in feedlots and dairies. This paper reports work on the introduction and screening of Leucaena for Botswana conditions.
