Persistence And Productivity Of Some Forage Varieties And Land Races Of Different Origin Grown In Central Italy,
2024
University of Perugia
Persistence And Productivity Of Some Forage Varieties And Land Races Of Different Origin Grown In Central Italy, M Falcinelli, F Veronesi, L Russi, P Pollidori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Italy, the lack of interest in producing seed of improved and adapted varieties of forage species, particularly of grasses, has caused a widespread utilisation of foreign varieties imported from northern Europe and North America. Most of these varieties are not adapted to a mediterranean climate and, hence, are less persistent and productive than the local varieties. Persistence and productivity of 17 grass (Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum, Dactylias glomerata, Festuca arundinacea) and 19 legume (Medlcago saliva, Trlfolium repens, T. pratense, Lotus cornicidatus, L. teaulus, L. peduncllatus) varieties and land races from Italy, northern Europe and New …
Refining A Residual Dry Matter Technique For Assessing Standing Biomass Estimates In Grazed Mediterranean Ecosystems,
2024
USDA, SCS
Refining A Residual Dry Matter Technique For Assessing Standing Biomass Estimates In Grazed Mediterranean Ecosystems, J R. Brown, M Cocke, L Steffen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Because most water quality objectives are set at the watershed level, it is important to determine hydrologic characteristics of land units within watersheds and predict the impact of land uses and treatments on watershed outputs. Rangeland hydrology research indicates that vegetative cover and biomass are reliable indicators of sediment production from uplands, The Residual Dry Matter (RDM) technique (Clawson et al. 1980} is a proven method of assessing standing crop biomass. This technique is easily learned and observer independent. After one training session, observers were able to estimate accurately (R2>0.90) the amount of biomass on the soil surface. RDM …
Influence Of Level And Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On The Availability And Quality Of Kikuyu Foggage,
2024
University of Pretoria
Influence Of Level And Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On The Availability And Quality Of Kikuyu Foggage, N F.G Rethman, C C. De Witt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The value of pasture rested in the late growing season for use as foggage during the dormant season is well known. More detailed information on the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilisation practices (level and distribution) on the availability and quality of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestfoum Chiov.) foggage was obtained from a smallplot clipping trial incorporating 3 levels of N (100, 200 and 300 kg/ ha) and 4 distributions. Prom these results it is evident that dry matter responses were obtained up to 200 kg N/ha, whereas the crude protein responses were linear up to 300 kg N/ha applied in the …
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value,
2024
Tapada da Ajuda
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Chemical composition and nutritive value of Setaria sphacelata var. splendida were studied under 3 culling frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, under mediterranean irrigated conditions. The effect of cutting frequency on chemical composition and nutritive value was evaluated by measuring crude protein, structural and non-structural carbohydrates and dry mailer digestibility. Metabolisable energy was also estimated. Nutritive value was not strongly affected by cutting frequency and acceptable quality was found in the 56 days treatment (60% IVDMD, 8.5 MJ MB/kg OM, 10% CP). The results achieved are similar to those obtained With annual summer forage grasses like Sorghum spp.
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. Ii. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Growth Pattern And Yield,
2024
Tapada da Ajunda
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. Ii. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Growth Pattern And Yield, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Growth pattern, yield and forage productivity of irrigated Setaria sphacelata var. splendida under mediterranean conditions were studied under 3 cutting frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, and without cutting. Increases in cutting frequency had a detrimental effect on yield and forage productivity. Higher total biomass production (1.6S8 kg DM/m2), crop growth rate (21.S g/m2/day), LAI (4,8) and radiation use efficiency (1.1 g DM/MJ) were observed at S6 days cutting interval. The highest biomass production (3,295 kg DM/m2) was found with uninterrupted growth. Biomass production at 56 days interval was similar to that found with maize and sorghum but forage productivity …
Water Use And Productivity Of Annual Legume-Based Pasture Systems In The South-West Of Western Australia,
2024
CSIRO
Water Use And Productivity Of Annual Legume-Based Pasture Systems In The South-West Of Western Australia, T P. Bolger, N C. Turner, B J. Leach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There Is a perception in the farming and research communities of a general decline in the productivity of annual pastures in the mediterranean climatic zone of Australia. Plant growth and water use often are linearly related in water-limited environments. Consequently, pastures are seen as having low water use and contributing to problems of land degradation. Our aim was to determine potential pasture production in relation to rainfall and the influence of management factors on growth and water use. Experiments were initiated at S locations along a gradient of 300-Ll00 mm annual rainfall. At each site a maximum production treatment was …
Dana- A Low Input Grass, For Sustainable Production In The Summer Rainfall Areas Of South Africa,
2024
University of Pretoria
Dana- A Low Input Grass, For Sustainable Production In The Summer Rainfall Areas Of South Africa, P A. Pieterse, J Van Bosch, N F.G Rethman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bana, a South African hybrid between Pennisetum purpureum and Penmisetumn glantcum, was evaluated in a fertiliser trial at the University of Pretoria. The initial pH(H20) of the soil was 4.2, the P status 12 my/ kg and the K status 50 mg/kg, A third of the.plots were treated with Ca(OH)2, to raise the pH(H20) to 5.6, while on another third, the pH was raised to 6.5. There were 4 nitrogen treatments, 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/year, Production and quality was measured during 3 consecutive seasons, after the season of establishment. The treatment which received no N produced 14.5 …
Improvement Of Pastures Through The Management Of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizospheric Organisms,
2024
Office of Granitsa
Improvement Of Pastures Through The Management Of Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizospheric Organisms, R Thanopoulos, I O. Kefalogiannis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nitrogen fixation performance of some typical members of Greek pastures was examined under comparable conditions. The plants were grown on non-inoculated soil samples taken from 3 different regions of Greece. High N-fodng activity was detected in nodulated roots of Trifolium pratense and Medicago saliva but comparatively lower in Trifolium repens, T. hybridwn and Lotus comiculallls. Also, high activity was noted in the rhizosphere of the grasses Lolium perenne and Phalaris aquatica. The isolation of highly efficient N-fixing indigenous Rhizobium strains is reported.
The Chaco Savanna Lands Of South America With Particular Reference To The Processes Of Degradation In Their Pastoral And Forestry Resources,
2024
Centro de Investigaciones Ecologicas de Chaco
The Chaco Savanna Lands Of South America With Particular Reference To The Processes Of Degradation In Their Pastoral And Forestry Resources, Carlos Saravia Toledo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The South American Chaco, covering more than 1.2 million km2, is second only to the Amazonian natural savanna region. It is the southern extension of the vast savanna zone of the continent, ranging 2000 km on either side of the Tropic of Capricorn. In its pristine state it presented vast pastoral and forestry resources, but in less than 120 years, these resources have been devastated by their uncontrolled exploitation. For most of the drier half of the region the productivity has declined to very low levels. The pastoral resources were decimated by uncontrolled livestock grazing of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, …
Ruminant Animal Production From Forages: Present Position And Future Opportunities,
2024
Swiss Institute of Technology
Ruminant Animal Production From Forages: Present Position And Future Opportunities, David E. Beever
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The utilisation of forages by ruminants for the synthesis of meat and milk is often below expectations both in terms of the quantity and the composition of the product. Recognising that the nutrition of the ruminant is complicated by the need to meet the requirements of the host animal and its rumen ecosystem, it is now possible to identify the causes of some of these inefficiencies and to develop suitable strntegies to overcome them. This paper attempts, through a review of the mechanisms of carbohydrate and protein utilisation in the rumen and in the animal tissues, and identification of the …
Implications And Improvements In Nutritive Value On Plant Performance And Grassland Management,
2024
Dairying Research Corporation
Implications And Improvements In Nutritive Value On Plant Performance And Grassland Management, D Clark, J R. Wilson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lignin modification is one method of improving plant nutritive value and is used to illustrate methods and consequences of plant manipulation. The effect of modifying lignin organ, tissue or enzyme levels on plant performance is inferred from recent scientific work on a range of species. Selection for higher whole plant digestibility is sometimes negatively correlated with plant yield. However, there is sufficient variation in both characters that improvement new not inevitably lead to decreased yield. Cultivars selected for low leaf strength or more digestible stems usually have lesser amounts of sclerenchyma and vascular tissue with less lignin and thinner walls. …
Fermentation Aid For Alfalfa Silage,
2024
University of Nebraska
Fermentation Aid For Alfalfa Silage, Terry L. Mader
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In two trials, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of untreated ensiled alfalfa (control) were compared with ensiled alfalfa inoculated (treated) with either a dry (Trial I) or liquid (Trial 2) microbial additive (fermentation nid), containing homofermenlative lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB), Initial (I to 3 days post-ensiling) pH values were lower (P<0.05) for treated silage in Trial 2 only. Also, inoculated silage had lower (P<0.05) ethanol values. At the high level of silage feeding efficiency of feed conversion tended to be improved for steers fed a high level of inoculated silage although, improved fermentation characteristics were not.observed in inoculated silage fed during the feeding trials. Indigenous LAB, associated with the alfalfa, most likely influenced final fermentation.
Investigations On Energetic Utilization Of A Range Of Fresh, Dried And Ensiled Forages By Wether Sheep,
2024
Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals Dummerstorf Rostock
Investigations On Energetic Utilization Of A Range Of Fresh, Dried And Ensiled Forages By Wether Sheep, W Jentsch
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The energy utilisation of 29-38 fresh (frozen), dried and ensiled forages was measured In respiration calorimeters with adult wether sheep. Forages were fed alone and in combination with cereals. There were no differences in energetic feed values (digestible and metabolizable energy , as well as efficiency of energy deposition) between fresh and dried forages, Feeding values of silages fed as a sole diet tend to be lower than those of all other rations; the efficiency of energy deposition was on an average 4.2% less than the predicted values.
Assessment Of The Variation In Shear Strength Of Leaves Of Pasture Grasses,
2024
The University of Melbourne
Assessment Of The Variation In Shear Strength Of Leaves Of Pasture Grasses, D A. Henry, R H. Macmillan, F M. Roberts, R J. Simpson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The shear strength of leaves of pasture grasses was measured using a shearing device. The mechanics of shearing were investigated and leaf strength was measured either as the force or the energy required to shear a leaf. The investigations indicate that the inherent strength of leaf tissue is best measured as a force corrected for the length of cutting blade in contact with the leaf. Inherent shear strength did not change along the length of a leaf blade, but did change with the physiological age of the leaf. Variation in shear strength within a population of annual ryegrass (Lolium …
Prediction Of The Digestibility Of Forages At Different Stages Of Maturity By Using Chemical, In Vitro And In Vivo Methods,
2024
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Prediction Of The Digestibility Of Forages At Different Stages Of Maturity By Using Chemical, In Vitro And In Vivo Methods, P C. Gupta, K Pradhan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DM) and cell wall digestibility of different legumes, i.e, berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum), cowpea (Vigna sineuis),, guara (Cyamopsis tetragonolob), lucerne (Medicago sativa), metha (Trigonalla foeawmgroecun) and white senji (Melillotus alba); and non-legumes, i.e., bajra (Pennlsetum typloides), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), oat (Avena Sativa), PP grass (Pennisetum pedicellatum), sudan grass (Sorghum sudanese) and teosinte (Euchlaena maxicane) forages were determined. The correlation coefficients between ill vitro digestibility …
Improved Feeding Vlue In Senescing Grass Pasture After Application Of Glyphosate,
2024
University of Melbourne
Improved Feeding Vlue In Senescing Grass Pasture After Application Of Glyphosate, R J. Simpson, K L. Gatford, C Siever-Kelly, B J. Leury, H Dove
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Annual grass pasture sprayed with glyphosate (180 g a.i./ha) at heading retained higher concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates anci nitrogen than control pasture during senescence. Consequently, the. i11, vitro digestibility of the sprayed pasture was also higher than that of the control pasture. Merino wethers (18 months old) grazing the sprayed pasture consumed more senescent herbage and gained weight ( 40 g/ head/day) until 60 days after anthesis, whereas those grazing control pastures only maintained their Jive weight. However, in both treatments pasture feeding value declined with time and as a consequence improved aniinal performance was not maintained indefinitely.
Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa,
2024
Roodeplaat Grassland Institute
Nutritional Quality Of Ryegrass Pastures For Finishing Lambs In Southern Africa, D V. Paulsmeier, J H.F Meyer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A comparison between ryegrass, clover and a ryegrass-clover mixture was made in terms of animal production and possible limitations on intake. The occurrence of bloat on leguminous pastures restricts the use of these species in pasture systems in southern Africa. Highest average daily gains of 215 g were obtained on the clover pastures while average daily gains on ryegrass were I 63 g. Low specific gravity of the rumen content of sheep grazing pure clover, 0.62 kg/I, indicated gas formation in the rumen. On the ryegrass-clover mixture,· the influence of the lower degradability of ryegrass (P= S3.8%) effectively eliminated possible …
Comparative Study Of Four Varieties Of Cowpea. 2. Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake,
2024
Animal Production Research Institute
Comparative Study Of Four Varieties Of Cowpea. 2. Nutritive Value And Voluntary Intake, M A. Gabra, K M. Ghobrial
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pour varieties of cowpea (Vigna spp.) were sown lo study the effect of varieties on nutritive value and voluntary intake by sheep in 4 metabolism trials. Results showed that the feeding value as total digestible nutrients, starch value (SV) and digestible crude protein (DCP) of the different varieties were 63.05-65.61 %, 56.22-58.50% and 12.64-13.08%, respectively. Nitrogen balance was positive with sheep fed green forage. The voluntary intake from SV and DCP by sheep could cover the maintenance requirements from energy and protein with surplus for production.
Rumen Digestion Of Temperate Pasture: Effects Of Milk Yield And Composition,
2024
INTA
Rumen Digestion Of Temperate Pasture: Effects Of Milk Yield And Composition, D H. Rearte, F J. Santini
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dairy production in Argentina is based on grazing of temperate pasture. Concentrate is used as a supplement at a level no higher than 30% of the diet. Milk yield is high but butterfat content of milk is lower on pasture than on indoor feeding diet based on processed forage and concentrate. Rumen fluid of cows on grazing was characterised by low pH (5.8-6.2), high volatile fatty acid concentration (90-120 mmoUI) and a low acetate:propionate ratio (<2.5). Hydrolysis of forage protein in rumen is high and the percentage of dietary amino acids reaching the duodenum is low (20- 30% ). This rumen environment occurs only with cows on grazing because when fresh forage is cut and fed to cows Indoors, pH and acetate:propionate ratio is higher and NH3 concentration is lower. Rumen fermentation was also modified when pasture forage was offered wilted instead of fresh. Concentrate supplementation at a level no higher than 30% of total diet did not affect the rumen environment, but it was modified by corn silage supplementation.
Voluntary Intake And Rumen Degradation By Sheep Of Mature Pods Of Medicago Truncatula Cv. Paraggio,
2024
University of Adelaide
Voluntary Intake And Rumen Degradation By Sheep Of Mature Pods Of Medicago Truncatula Cv. Paraggio, R Valizadeh, E D. Carter, N G. Yates
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The voluntary intake and rumen degradation of Medlcago trumcatula cv. Paraggio barrel medic pods harvested after both good and poor growing seasons were measured with Merino wethers. Voluntary intake measurements on 18 sheep were made during the last 12 days of a 3. week period. The degradation characteristics of the whole pods, seeds and hulls were measured by incubating samples (in nylon bags) for 24, 48 and 72 h in the rumen of 4 sheep fitted with rumen fistula and given a maintenance ration. The voluntary dry matter (DM) and organic matter intakes were 1837 and 1734 g/sheep/day for the …
