Use Of Molecular Markers In Alfalfa For Construction Of A Genetic Map And Studying Genetic Rearrangements In Non-Sexually Derived Hybrids,
2024
Instituto di Ricerche sul Miglioramento Genetico delle Plante Foraggere del CNR
Use Of Molecular Markers In Alfalfa For Construction Of A Genetic Map And Studying Genetic Rearrangements In Non-Sexually Derived Hybrids, F Damiani, F Pupilli, M Piccirilli, S Arcioni
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two genomic libraries have been constructed from Medicago saliva DNA reslfictcd with both Pstl and EcoRT. The libraries have been screened and compared for the presence of highly repeated DNA sequences. Restriction fragment length polymorphism among 3 varieties of M. saliva (Rangelander, Adriana, CADL) and 3 species of the genus Medicago (M. coerulea, M. falcata, M. arborea) has been investigated using a large number of probe-enzyme combinations .. Four-and 6-base cutter restriction enzymes have been used. DNA electrophoresis has been performed with· 2 substrates (agarose and polyacrylamide) in order to detect polymorphism at a higher range of fragment lengths. About …
Use Of Allozyme Genetic Markers To Follow The Establishment Of White Clover Oversown Into Hill Country,
2024
University of Walkato
Use Of Allozyme Genetic Markers To Follow The Establishment Of White Clover Oversown Into Hill Country, K D. Adam, M E. Wedderburn, L A. Greaves
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Allozyme marker loci Gpi-3,4 and Pgm-3,4 were used to monitor establishment of plants of the white clover (Trifolium repens L., cv. Grasslands Huia) oversown into 3 steep, north-facing hill country pastures. Comparisons of genotype frequencies in samples of the unimproved (resident) populations, the oversown populations 18 months after oversowing and Huia, provided information about changes in the genetic composition of the white clover populations after oversowing. In each case, oversowing brought about significant changes in allele frequencies but the estimated proportions of plants of cuhivar Huia were variable at 24.2%, 92.4% and 100%, indicating that establishment rates can vary not …
Tissue Culture Of Sainfoin,
2024
Hokkaido University
Tissue Culture Of Sainfoin, Nakashima Hiroshi, Yang Zhuomeng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effecls of 1-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) on callus induction, callus proliferation and plant regeneration were examined ip sainfojn (011ob1ycl1is viciifo/ia Scop.) from differen! ex plant. Then the effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on root formation from differentiated shoot from calli were examined. The combinations of 1-10 µM ofNAA an4 BAP were better for sainfoin culture. For callus induction, there was no significant difference among 3 explants, but Chere were interactions between explant and media. For plant regeneration, hypocotyl and root are ��ter explants than cotyledon. The effects of NAA and BAP showed less effective on callus …
Use Of Allozyme Genetic Markers To Follow The Establishment Of White Clover Oversown Into Hill Country Pastures,
2024
University of Walkato
Use Of Allozyme Genetic Markers To Follow The Establishment Of White Clover Oversown Into Hill Country Pastures, K D. Adam, M E. Wedderburn, L A. Greaves
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Allozyme marker loci Gpi-3,4 and Pgm-3,4 were used to monitor establishment of plants of the white clover (Trifolum repens L., cv. Grasslands Huia) oversown into 3 steep, north-facing hill country pastures. Comparisons of genotype frequencies in samples of the unimproved (resident) populations, the oversown populations 18 months after oversowing and Huia, provided information about changes in the genetic composition of the white clover populations after oversowing. In each case, oversowing brought about significant changes in allele frequencies but the estimated proportions of plants of cuhivar Huia were variable at 24.2%, 92.4% and 100%, indicating that establishment rates can vary …
Application Of The Somaclone Method In Fertility Restoration Of The Partially Sterile Hybrid Of Agropyron Repens X Bromus Inermis: Callus Initiation And Plant Regeneration,
2024
Godollo University of Agricultural Sciences
Application Of The Somaclone Method In Fertility Restoration Of The Partially Sterile Hybrid Of Agropyron Repens X Bromus Inermis: Callus Initiation And Plant Regeneration, L E. Heszky, J Janovsky, G Gyulai, E Kiss, L T. Hangyel
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
. Callus initiation and plant regeneration from the new intergeneric hybrid of Agropyron repens L., Beauv, x Bromus inermis.1 Leyss. cv. Nanus (Agromus) was carried out. For callus initiation, the inflorescence primordia were incubated on an optimised nutritive medium designated medium-F, supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 mg/ I). Within 21 days of plating, embryogenic callus with globular structures were developed, From the 21st day of culture, one-step plant regeneration occurred from callus without subculture. Non-regenerative calli were subcultured to medium-F supplemented with different cytokinins. The cytological analysis of the calli showed wide genetic:il variability in chromosome number with …
Dairying Farming In New Zealand,
2024
RDS
Dairying Farming In New Zealand, Bryan Guy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dairy farming in New Zealand is primarily an export industry based almost entirely on the use of perennial ryegrass and while clover. A low cost dairy farming system has been developed and it is this system which enables the New Zealand dairy farmer to survive on returns from the international marketplace. Milk marketing in New Zealand is controlled by a single producer organisation, the New Zealand Dairy Board, which also provides breeding services lo some 14 700 dairy farmers. The industry aims to maximise the net income of dairy farmers. Emphasis is on efficient production and is often measured on …
Sheep And Beef Farming On The West Coast Of The North Island Of New Zealand,
2024
Te Anga, NZ
Sheep And Beef Farming On The West Coast Of The North Island Of New Zealand, R A. Neeley, T G. Parminter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Over 40% of New Zealand's occupied land area is devoted to hill country farming. The forms are typically owned, managed and ·worked by a single family with some help from seasonal labour. The properly owned by L.D. and R.A. Neeley is a typical example of the type of hill country farms found on the west coast of the North Island. It has an effective area of 520 ha and carries 5000 stock units, 30% of which are cattle. The sheep policy is to finish 60-100% of lambs produced from an improved Romney breed flock (with a 90-100% lambing rate). Friesian …
Policy Developments And Trade Prospects For Grassland-Based Products,
2024
ABARE
Policy Developments And Trade Prospects For Grassland-Based Products, Graeme H. Tie, Jayantha P. Kottege, Brian S. Fisher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The economic outlook for grassland-based products over the next decade will be influenced by a range of factors. Important among these will be the outcome of the agricultural negotiations in the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Failure to achieve satisfactory agricultural reform in the Uruguay Round could result in an acceleration in the trend toward the formation of regional trading arrangements. This could, in turn, lead to increased fragmentation of the international trading system. Such fragmentation reduces the global economic gains available from trade which stem from specialisation and the associated exercise of comparative advantage. …
European Grassland Farming: Future Prospects,
2024
The University of Newcastle
European Grassland Farming: Future Prospects, David R. Harvey, Caroline Saunders
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The paper reviews recent policy reforms and current pressures in Europe, including the CAP reforms, GATT considerations, the potential for European and CIS integration, and the environmental pressures on policy. The possible consequences of these reforms are then considered, illustrated by estimates of European grassland product market conditions in the event of multilateral free trade in form products. Finally, the implications of these trends for farming practices are considered, with special reference to the UK and European Community. In spite of rather glacial progress towards trade liberalisation, Che conclusions are: i) that future· strategic planning at both national and farm …
A Traditional Exporter's Perspective Of Trade Reforms,
2024
New Zealand Dairy Board
A Traditional Exporter's Perspective Of Trade Reforms, N R. Mitchell
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The agriculture and trade policies which governments commonly have pursued over the last three decades, particularly governments in the large developed countries, have had a major impact on world patterns of production and trade in livestock and livestock products. This has been especially so for milk and dairy products where government involvement in markets has been most pervasive. One effect has been that the comparative advantages derived from the production of livestock products based on pasture feeding of animals \lave been suppressed or overridden. Reform of the international trading system for agricultural products now being developed in the GATT, and …
Impact Of Changing Trade Opportunities On Livestock Production In Developing Countries,
2024
Asian Development Bank
Impact Of Changing Trade Opportunities On Livestock Production In Developing Countries, J K. Camoens
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For the lesser developed countries (LDCs) and advanced countries (ACs), the paper identifies the determinants of "free" trade, analyses protectionism, examines the global trade picture with respect lo "free" trade, relates trade to production and the structure of demand, and finally predicts the impact of trade reforms. The analysis concludes that: (i) trade policies per se do not impact in any significant manner on domestic production or imports in the LDCs since world trade constitutes a small fraction of production; (ii) demand, and hence supply, of animal products are determined primarily by GNP, income distribution and price; (iii) grassland farming …
Development Of Grain-Saving, High Efficiency Pasture Animal Industry,
2024
China Pasture Law Academic Committee
Development Of Grain-Saving, High Efficiency Pasture Animal Industry, Han Gui Qing
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grain-saving, high efficiency pasture-sustained (GSHEPS) animal industry, with its final purpose of profitable industry, is forage-orientated. This is a new fonn of operation based on advanced feeding management.
Seasonal Changes In Forage Regrowth Yield And Quality Of Three Old World Bluestems,
2024
Southern Plains Range Research Station
Seasonal Changes In Forage Regrowth Yield And Quality Of Three Old World Bluestems, Larry M. White
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Little information is available on differences in regrowth yield and quality among Old World bluestems (Bothriochloa spp.). Harvesting was staged such that 4-week regrowth of Caucasian (B. caucasica), cv. WW-Iron Master (D, ischaemum var. i.,ischaemum) and cv, Super Cauc (D. caucasica) was harvested each week from early May through mid-September to determine forage yield, ill vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and crude protein content of leaves and stems. Forage yield peaked in late June with WW-Iron Master, Caucasian, and Super Cauc producing 1280, 11S0 and 930 kg/ho/4 weeks of leaves and S00 200 and …
Herbage Production And Quality Of Rs2, A Quackgrass (Elytrigia Repens [L.]Neski.) X Bluebunch Wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria Spicata [Pursh.] Love) Hybrid,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Herbage Production And Quality Of Rs2, A Quackgrass (Elytrigia Repens [L.]Neski.) X Bluebunch Wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria Spicata [Pursh.] Love) Hybrid, M R. Haferkamp, D C. Adams, E E. Grings, P O. Currie
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Fertiliser and mowing effects on herbage quality and yield of the RS2 hybrid were studied. Plants were fertilised with 0, 112 or 224 kg Nlha in spring 1988 and 1989, or with 112+112kg N/ha split in spring-summer, Plants were unmowed or mowed to a SO mm stubble height on selected dates in 1988 and 1989. Maximum standing crops (SC) of unmowed plants averaged 3000 kg/ha in 1988 and 5600 kg/ha in 1989; SC were increased 1000 kg/ha by fertilisation in 1989. Crude protein (CP) exceeded 120 g/kg in unmowed herbage in 1988 and decreased from 200 g/kg in May to …
Utilization Of Tall Fescue In Pure Stand, In Association With White Clover And In Complex Mixtures,
2024
Federal Research Station for Agriculture
Utilization Of Tall Fescue In Pure Stand, In Association With White Clover And In Complex Mixtures, S Badoux
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was cultivated in pure stand, in association with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and in various complex grass-legume mixtures. Forage yield and quality were always higher in associations with white clover than in tall fescue pure stands. However, under dry conditions, the balance between the two components was difficult to maintain. In more complex mixtures cocksfoot and tall fescue tended to become dominant and to produce a forage of lower quality. In mixtures of long duration, we replaced meadow fescue by tall fescue. Total yield over 3 years was improved; the digestibility of …
Use Of Plant Height For Determining The Nutritive Value, Yield And The Optimal Use Span Of Lucerne,
2024
Martin-Luther-Unviversitat
Use Of Plant Height For Determining The Nutritive Value, Yield And The Optimal Use Span Of Lucerne, Lother Schmidt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Determining the ·cutting date is important for high yield, good forage quality and longevity of lucerne (Medicago media Pers.) stands. Most recommendations for the optimal use date are based on the development ,stage. The results of research conducted over 9 years show that forage quality and the dry matter (DM) yield of luccrne, at the same, developmental stage, vary considerably, depending on weather conditions during the growth period. A better criterion is the plant height of lucerne. There was a highly significant correlation between plant height and the content of crude fibre, crude protein and DM. We recommend the …
Lamb And Steer Production From Continuously Grazed Alfalfa,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Lamb And Steer Production From Continuously Grazed Alfalfa, Jerry D. Volesky, Daniel P. Mowrey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Little is known about livestock production from alfalfa (Medicago saliva L,) under continuous grazing. Objectives were to determine lamb and steer performance, production and leaf-stem selection on continuously grazed alfalfa. Lambs and steers separately grazed 3 replicate pastures from late April through mid-August, 1991. Initial stocking densities were relatively heavy to utilise rapid spring growth after which livestock numbers were reduced to maintain alfalfa with a 20-cm stubble height. Season-long live-weight gains for the lambs and steers were 0.15 and 0.94 kg/day. Total production for lambs and steers was 557 and 529 kg/ha, Lamb diets generally contained a higher …
Impact Of Intermittent Clipping On Productivity, Forage Quality And Legume Persistence Of Reclaimed Mine Soils,
2024
University of Kentucky
Impact Of Intermittent Clipping On Productivity, Forage Quality And Legume Persistence Of Reclaimed Mine Soils, M Collins, H B. Rice, R Turley, W O. Thom
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The materials used as plant growth media during surface mine· reclamation are frequently low in available N, P and K and are droughtprone. Legumes are included in reclamation seeding mixtures . because of their symbiotic N2-fixation ability but competition may prevent establishment or reduce persistence. A field study was conducted to test the hypothesis that intermittent clipping of these sites would reduce grass competition and thereby maintain legume stands. In 1990 and· 1991, 4 clipping treatments were imposed, providing intervals of 2, 4; and 6 weeks between harvests. Clipping at the 2- or 4-week intervals gave equal yields that were …
Sward Height In Grazing Management: Vertical Profiles In Forage Quality,
2024
University of Guelph
Sward Height In Grazing Management: Vertical Profiles In Forage Quality, J E. Johnston, A Singh, E A. Clark
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Vertical and temporal trends in herbage yield and quality were assessed in a study sown in 1989 near Elora, Ontario. In a replicated field trial with 0.1 ha paddocks, Hereford heifers rotationally grazed 2 swards to each of 2 residual grazing heights, namely, SO and 100 mm, with a requisite 200-2S0 mm entry height. Profiles in yield and in in vitro organic mailer digestibility (IVOMD) were developed from 6, 1500 cm2 quadrats per paddock, which were subjected to vertically stratified clipping, using sheep shears with a vacuum attachment. In 1990, obliging entry. at 200-2S0 mm stabilised herbage organic matter on …
Sward Height In Grazing Management: Species Adaptation,
2024
University of Guelph
Sward Height In Grazing Management: Species Adaptation, A Singh, J E. Johnston, E A. Clark
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under continental, northern conditions, yield potential of species such as perennial ryegrass (Loli11111 pere,me L.) and white clover (Trifolium repe,is L.) is considered to be inferior to that of taller, coarser species such as orchardgrass, bromegrass, timothy and alfalfa. However, recent species evaluation bas stressed management regimes characteristic of conserved feed rather than pasture production, In a replicated trial, species performance and persistence in mixture were evaluated in response to sward height-based grazing management. Starling in 1990, 2 swards constructed predominantly of fine- or coarse-stemmed grasses were grazed rotationally by cattle, using a common 20-25 cm entry height and a …
