Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation In Forage Legumes,
2025
CNR
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation In Forage Legumes, F Damiani, F Pupilli, S Arcioni, M Pezzotti
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plant transformation is a promising tool for plant breeding. It allows the introgression in the plant genome of alien genes. At the moment few, if any, genes of agronomical value have been cloned and are available for genetic engineering works ; on the contrary, some genes encoding for antibiotic resistance are available. The use of these genes allows an easy detection of transformation events and confers useful characters for in vitro selection. A direct application of antibiotic resistance is in the selection of hybrid colonies after protoplast fusion ofparentals resistant to different antibiotics. Transformation using Agrobacterium tumef aciens or Agrobacterium …
An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium,
2025
INRA
An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium, Claire Moussett-Declas, J A. Anderson, Elisabeth G. Williams, N L. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Over 60 interspecific hybrids have been made in the genus Trifolium (Cleveland, 1985), some of them representing attempts to introduce persistance or pest resistance into cultivated clovers. Most of these hybrids, however, have been sterile. To attempt to restore fertility, colchicine methods have been applied to mature hybrid plants in vivo, but with limited success. A routine, simple technique for chromosome doubling in vegetative meristems is therefore still required, particularly for sterile hybrid materials which are available as mature vegetative clones rather than seed. We have adapted for use with clover hybrids the in vitro chromosome doubling technique used by …
Plant Regeneration By Somatic Embryogensis From Leaf Explants Of Digitaria Eriantha (Steud) Subsp. Eriantha,
2025
University of Natal (Durban)
Plant Regeneration By Somatic Embryogensis From Leaf Explants Of Digitaria Eriantha (Steud) Subsp. Eriantha, M Paula Watt, D J. Mycock, C F. Cresswell
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The most important objective of pasture planning in Southern Africa is to provide grazing during the winter dry months when veld production is either low or of poor quality. Digitaria eriantha (Steud) subsp eriantha is an indigenous perennial grass which is drought tolerant and retains its high palatability after winter frosts. The successful establishment of this grass as winter forage in the dryland rural areas is, however, impaired by its requirement for fertilizer dressing in the form of nitrogen and phosphate. A considerable amount of research has been undertaken in our laboratory on the growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of …
A New Mutant With Open Corolla Tube In Red Clover,
2025
Agricultural University, Poland
A New Mutant With Open Corolla Tube In Red Clover, L Spiss, Halina Goral
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Floral modifications which may promote bee foraging on leguminous forage crops are always interesting to plant breeders since they may contribute to increased seed setting. Reports related to the length of corolla tube, nectar volume, and its availibility in red clover, including tetraploid forms, have been quite frequent in the literature for many decades. Other corolla tube modifications in this species have been described very rarely (Jablonski, 1974, Taylor and Snead, 1986). The purpose of this paper is to describe corolla tube modifications found in red clover and their usefulness in improving bee pollination.
Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria I. Biochemical And Cytoembriological Studies,
2025
CIAT
Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria I. Biochemical And Cytoembriological Studies, R Cruz, W Miles, J W. Roca, G De La Cruz, H Ramirez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The characteristics of Brachiaria such as variability, adequate adaptation to poor soils and its reproductive sexualapomitic system justify the emphasis made for its genetic improvement for reducing the limitations of the most important varieties. Presently, it is one of the most important genera in the tropics (Lavidan, 1988) with an ample germplasm which needs to be studied and characterized. The objective of this work was to contribute to the identification of the species and ecotypes using isoenzymatic patterns and to learn the levels of sexuality and apomixis of the ecotypes used.
Sex Linkage Of Growth And Forage Attributes In Buffalograss (Buchloe Dactyloides),
2025
Rutgers University - Camden
Sex Linkage Of Growth And Forage Attributes In Buffalograss (Buchloe Dactyloides), J A. Quinn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm. is a perennial, sod-forming shortgrass of central North America (Hitchcock, 1951), thriving under semiarid conditions and increasing under moderate to heavy grazing (Quinn, 1987). The species is largely dioecious, and sex ratios are either 1 : 1 or female-biased (Quinn and Engel, 1986). Isolated plants under controlled conditions are strictly male, strictly female, or monoecious (0 to 20 %, depending on the population). Over the last half-century, buffalograss has been widely used in central North America for reseeding depleted rangelands and for erosion control (Quinn, 1985), and recently it has received renewed attention as a turf …
Phylogenetics Of Apomictic Paspalum Dilatatum,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Phylogenetics Of Apomictic Paspalum Dilatatum, B L. Burson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Paspalum dilatatum Pair., dallisgrass, is a warm-season grass native to South America. There are several biotypes of this species and common dallisgrass is the most prevalent. It is an important pasture grass throughout the warmer regions of the world but has two major impediments-low fertility and susceptibility to ergot (Claviceps paspali). Improvement efforts have been unsuccessful because the common biotype is a complex natural hybrid with an unbalanced genomic composition and an obligate apomict, a form of asexual reproduction that has prevented improvement by conventional plant breeding methods. To circumvent this apomictic barrier, phylogenetic investigations were initiated to …
Regulation Of Apomixis In Buffelgrass,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Regulation Of Apomixis In Buffelgrass, D L. Gustine, R T. Sherwood, I Gounaris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The apomixis program at the Pasture Laboratory has the long-term objective of finding procedures to manipulate the type of embryo sac which develops in crop species. We would like to induce at will, formation of functional apomictic embryo sacs in obligately sexual species such as maize and wheat, and to induce sexual reproduction in obligate apomicts, such as dallisgrass. The benefits of this capability for plant breeding would be enormous : 1) desirable characteristics could be reproduced over generations in normally sexual genotypes through induced apomixis and 2) genetic variability in apomictic genotypes could be unlocked through sexual crosses. Angiosperms …
Cytological And Histological Mechanisms Of 2n Pollen Formation In Hybrid Napier Grass,
2025
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute
Cytological And Histological Mechanisms Of 2n Pollen Formation In Hybrid Napier Grass, Y K. Cheng, K T. Lo, Y S. Sheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hybrid pennisetum is an interspecific hybrid between pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum) and napier grass (P. purpureum). The combing of good characteristics of these two species by hybridization was reported (Cheng, 1984). The hybrids are triploid, 2n = 21, and propagated vegetatively. Thus a fertile hybrid would offer opportunities for seed production and forage improvement through hybridization. 2n gametes has been used recently as an alternative method to chemical treatments in a breeding program. The objectives of this investigation were to search for triploid hybrid pennisetum which would produce 2n pollen and to determine the cytological and histological origin of …
Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria Decumbens Stapf.,
2025
EMBRAPA
Apomixis And Sexuality In Brachiaria Decumbens Stapf., C B. Do Valle, Y H. Savidan, L Jank
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Brachiaria decumbens Stapf is a perennial tropical forage grass, native to east African savannas. It was introduced to Brazil in the 1960's and is now widely cultivated over 30 million hectares in Central Brazil alone. The two commercial varieties are apomictic tetraploids (2n = 4x = 36), producing uniform progeny, and were selected for their high dry matter production and persistence on poor acid soils. They lack, however, resistance to spittlebugs (Deois spp., Zulia spp., Aeneolania spp.) and produce forage of low nutritive value, especially during the dry winter months. The absence of natural variability associated to apomictic reproduction has …
Amelioration De La Qualite Du Fourrage Chez La Fetuque Elevee (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.),
2025
RAGT
Amelioration De La Qualite Du Fourrage Chez La Fetuque Elevee (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.), W Pietraszek, J F. Chosson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tres interessante dans nos climats pour son rendement et sa rusticite, la Fetuque elevee demande toutefois, pour etre davantage utilisee, qu'un effort de selection soit fait pour ameliorer sa qualite. Celle-ci est essentiellement determinee par l'appetibilite, l'ingestibilite et Ia digestibilite qui ne peuvent etre mesurees directement que par des troupeaux d'animaux. Leur mesure implique que !'on dispose d'une quantite importante de materiel vegetal et de plus le maintien et la manipulation des animaux sont lourds et couteux. Le selectionneur devrait done pouvoir disposer d'autres criteres, indirects, pour pouvoir estimer Ia qualite de son materiel vegetal dans Jes premiers stades du …
Using Diverse Species To Improve Quality And Yield In The Pennisteum Genus,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Using Diverse Species To Improve Quality And Yield In The Pennisteum Genus, W W. Hanna, M Dujardin, W G. Monson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., and napiergrass, P. purpureum Schum., are two of the major forage producing Pennisetum species in the tropics and subtropics. Pearl millet is known for its high quality forage and significant progress has been made in developing improved cultivars (Hanna, et al., 1988). Napiergrass has been successfully crossed with pearl millet to produce high quality and high yielding perennial interspecific (PMN) forage hybrids (Hanna and Monson, 1980 and Muldoon and Pearson, 1979). A germplasm evaluation program and an interspecific hybridization program at Tifton, GA (Hanna and Dujardin, 1985) has resulted in the identification of …
Forage Yield And Quality Of Orchardgrass And Tall Fescue Under Simulated Acid Precipitation,
2025
University of Tennessee
Forage Yield And Quality Of Orchardgrass And Tall Fescue Under Simulated Acid Precipitation, J H. Reynolds, J D. Wolt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cool-season forage grasses have received less attention than other crops with regard to their sensitivity to acid precipitation even though they are especially well-adapted to portions of the eastern U.S.A. where acid precipitation with a pH less than 4.5 has been documented. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is perhaps the most widely grown cool-season grass in the transition zone of the eastern U.S.A. where it occupies from 12 to 14 million hectares. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is also widely grown in the eastern U.S.A. Workers in Oregon, such as Cohen et al., 1982, have found few effects on forage yield …
Selection Des Graminees Fourrageres Pour La Qualite: Des Criteres Bases Sur Des References Avec Animaux, M Gillet, J Scehovic, M Marton, L Huguet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La selection des fourrages pour la qualite exige l'utilisation de criteres indirects. Ceux-ci devraient etre etablis par correlation avec des criteres mesures sur animaux: Cela necessite un nombre suffisant de genotypes de qualite differente. 11 faut done que la selection pour la qualite ait deja en partie reussi. A defaut, les selectionneurs utilisent souvent des correlations etablies en faisant varier le stade de la plante. Mais sont-elles valables pour comparer des genotypes a stade egal? Ils utilisent aussi les preferences des animaux (« appetibilite ») car cela permet de comparer plusieurs genotypes avec un seul lot d'animaux (Jadas-Hecart, 1982; Gillet …
Variability For Mineral Concentrations Contained In High-Digestible Cell Fractions In Orchardgrass,
2025
Iwate University
Variability For Mineral Concentrations Contained In High-Digestible Cell Fractions In Orchardgrass, S Saiga, H Yoneya, K Iwane, K Watanabe
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Metabolic disorders of ruminants including grass tetany are associated with mineral imbalances of forage. Powell et al. (1978) found that lambs on tall fescue utilized Ca, P, and Mg less efficiently although the concentrations were rather higher than in the other grasses. As there are large differences in characteristics among orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars, the efficiency of minerals also must differ in different cultivars. For one reason, it is considered that the efficiency to ruminants is due to the rate contained in digestible cell fraction. The objectives of this study were to determine seasonal change of cell fractions, …
The Efficacy Of A High Magnesium Italian Ryegrass Cultivar In Alleviating Hypomagnesamia,
2025
AFRC/IGAP
The Efficacy Of A High Magnesium Italian Ryegrass Cultivar In Alleviating Hypomagnesamia, G Moseley, D M. Baker, D H. Hides
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Hypomagnesaemia continues to cause serious economic losses in grazing livestock and recent evidence suggests that its incidence may be increasing. The disease is characterised by a drop in the concentration of magnesium in extracellular fluid and occurs in two forms, chronic and acute. Both forms give rise to classical clinical symptoms which may either result in death or drastically reduced levels of production. The body does not contain a major source of labile magnesium nor does it have a homeostatic mechanism for controlling the level of magnesium in extracellular fluid. The maintainance of normal levels therefore depends almost entirely on …
The Breeding Of Pasture Varieties Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa),
2025
All Union Fodder Research Institute
The Breeding Of Pasture Varieties Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa), J M. Piskovatsky, V A. Katov, G V. Stepanova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The work of developing new pasture varieties of alfalfa has been conducted in the All-Union Fodder Research Institute from 1975 onwards. The pasture varieties must be persistent under grazing, and must have a high competitive ability in mixtures with grasses : meadow fescue, timothy and others.
Evaluation And Selection Of The Salt-Tolerant Alfalfa,
2025
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Evaluation And Selection Of The Salt-Tolerant Alfalfa, Geng Huazhu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) as a good forage has b��en popularly cultivated for a long time in China. Now it is mainly distributed in the north of the Yangtse River, and covers about 1.3 million hectares in the 14 provinces and regions. It can be planted in the saline-alkali areas, accept alluvial plains and hill regions, for instance, the North of Jiangsu, East of Hebei, North-west of Shandong and Xingjiang. The alfalfa is successfully used in improving and utilizing the saline-alkali soils for developing animal husbandry in the Gangzhou District of Hebei Province, where its planting area is increasing rapidly, …
Use Of New Methods For Grass And Legume Breeding In Western Region Of The Soviet Union,
2025
Lithuanian Agricultural Research Institute
Use Of New Methods For Grass And Legume Breeding In Western Region Of The Soviet Union, R Dapkus
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The climatic conditions of the Western region of the Soviet Union are favourable for grassland production which provides the major part of forage for livestock nutrition. In raising grassland productivity, new varieties play an important role. Adapted varieties with high yield potential must be used. For developing such varieties, the Fodder Crops Breeding Centre fbr the Western region of the Soviet Union was established at the Lituanian Agricultural Research Institute in 1972 on the basis of experience since 1922, when selection of herbage species was initiated there. During the past twenty years, breeding work has progressed rapidly. At present, breeding …
Cool Season Grazing Of Winter-Active Lucernes,
2025
Lincoln College
Cool Season Grazing Of Winter-Active Lucernes, J.G H. White, W J. Lucas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In New Zealand, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) is commonly grazed with sheep for much of the year, but winter production is low and alternative, higher-cost feeds need to be provided. However, in most lucerne-growing areas, winters are relatively mild (Lincoln June-August mean temperature 6.2°C), and the recent release of cool-season active cultivars has resulted in considerable farmer interest in winter grazing of lucerne. Standard winter dormant cultivars such as Wairau are normally grazed once in early June for aphid control (Smallfield et al., 1980), then remain ungrazed for at least three months. Coolseason active cultivars are known to produce …
