Etude D'Un Facteur Antinutritionnel De La Luzerne: Les Saponines,
2025
INRA
Etude D'Un Facteur Antinutritionnel De La Luzerne: Les Saponines, M Lila, G Genier, W Pietraszek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Les proteines de luzerne (Medicago sativa) extraites par des procedes industriels ne peuvent etre incorporees qu'en faible proportion dans les rations pour monogastriques a cause d'un effet antinutritionnel du essentiellement a la presence de saponines et plus particulierement d'acide medicagenique (Pietraszek, 1985). La technologie d'extraction ne permettant pas d'eliminer ces molecules, il a ete envisage d'ameliorer la qualite de ces proteines extraites par la diminution de la teneur dans la plante par voie genetique. Pour cela il fallait etudier la variabilite genetique disponible au sein de l'espece Medicago sativa et definir un test rapide permettant de discriminer en grande serie …
Mineral Composition Of Grasses Grown On Peat Soils In Northwestern Hungary And Fertilization Experiments. Manganese,
2025
University for Agricultural Sciences Mosonmagyarvar
Mineral Composition Of Grasses Grown On Peat Soils In Northwestern Hungary And Fertilization Experiments. Manganese, R Schmidt, J Varga, G Tolgyesi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The main goal of these experiments which were carried out for four years was to study the mineral composition of grasses grown on peat soil, where preliminary studies indicated manganese, copper and zinc deficiency. We tried to eliminate these deficiences by agrochemical methods, because in our opinion, intervening in the first part of the foodchain - in the soil - we can contribute to solving of the deficiency problems more fundamentaly (Ti:ilgyesi et al., 1983).
Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web.,
2025
Academy of Agriculture in Poznan
Characterization Of Biological Properties Of Fodder Value Of Dandelion, Taraxacum Officinale Web., M Falkowski, I Kukulka, S Kozlowski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In recent years the quantities of dandelion appearing on newly established grasslands has increased quite significantly. In such conditions it can no longer be treated as a meadow herb whose fodder value, according to European literature, equals half of that of valuable fodder plants. Becoming a weed, dandelion has been the object of investigations on ways of eliminating it from the sward by means of herbicides (Schlotter et al., 1988). At the same time, experiments are under way on biological properties of dandelion with the aim to explain the causes of its expansion. It was found that there is an …
Location Of Polyphenols In Leaves Of Serciea Lespedeza,
2025
Auburn University
Location Of Polyphenols In Leaves Of Serciea Lespedeza, C O'H Mosjidis, C M. Peterson, J A. Mosjidis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Preliminary studies in sericea lespedeza, a nonbloating forage legume, indicated that its palatability and digestibility were reduced by high levels of phenolics (Clarke el al., 1939). Another study suggested that younger parts of the shoots are more palatable than older leaves and stems (Donnelly el al., 1971). Nevertheless, younger leaves have been reported to contain higher levels of phenolics (Burns, 1966). Polyphenols have been thought to play a role as growth regulators and in protection against insects and diseases. Also they seem to be associated with lignification (Salatino el al., 1988). The present study was performed to determine whether histological …
Effect Of Endophytic Fungus Infection, Water Stress And Genotype On K, Ca And Mg Concentration Of Fescue,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Effect Of Endophytic Fungus Infection, Water Stress And Genotype On K, Ca And Mg Concentration Of Fescue, S R. Wilkinson, D P. Belesky, W C. Stringer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Replacement of endophyte infected tall fescue with endophyte free tall fescue is recommended to avoid tall fescue toxicosis. Fribourg et al. (1988) suggest that the endophyte may enhance tolerance of tall fescue to environmental stresses, including drought. This controlled environment study was undertaken to determine the effect of water stress on the K, Ca and Mg concentration of four genotypic selections of tall fescue with and without fungal endophytes. This paper emphasizes water stress and endophyte effects. The growth characteristics are reported elsewhere (Belesky et al. 1989).
Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow,
2025
Biotechnical Faculty
Effect Of Fertilizers On Cutting On Time On Chemical Composition Of Sward From Permanent Meadow, A Golob, Zdenka Berloznik, M Leskosek, Vekoslava Stibilj
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ecological problems and surpluses of milk and meat have given rise to less intensive systems of grassland utilisation. One of such system is utilisation of air nitrogen via legume symbiosis with nitrogen fixing bacteria. In Slovenia, where conditions for legume growth are more favourable than in NW Europe, natural meadows fertilized with P and K only give reasonable yields - on average around 7 t DM per ha (Leskosek, 1981). Most legumes suffer after frequent defoliation so such meadows should be defoliated only 2- 3 times during the growing season. Under less frequent cutting regime nutritive value of forage is …
The Effect Of N And K Fertilizers On The No3 Content Of Different Grass Species And Mixtures,
2025
Agricultural University Mosonmagyarovar
The Effect Of N And K Fertilizers On The No3 Content Of Different Grass Species And Mixtures, A Szodfridt, J Varga
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The major quantity of the annual grassland vegetation comes from the first cut in Hungary because of the continental climate of the country. Next to the energy content of grasses it is important to have informations about the amount of some possible toxic components such as nitrate. The critical NO3- value is considered to be 0.25-0.31 % in DM (Andreev, 1981), NO3 content higher than 0.6 % in DM is toxic (Kemp et al., 1977). Ebert et al. (1977) showed that 120 kg/ha N given for the 1st cut did not raise NO3 content higher than the critical value. K …
Determination Of Condensed Tannins In Tropical Legume Forages,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Determination Of Condensed Tannins In Tropical Legume Forages, L Telek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effect of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) in ruminant nutrition is complex and needs further interdisciplinary reinvestigations with improved analytical methods. With the « cell rupture » theory of legume pasture bloat (Howarth et al., 1978), the role of condensed tannins seems to be secondary; they are acting as protein precipitants (Goplen et al., 1980) and inhibiting microbiological proliferation in cellular spaces (Howarth et al., 1982). Their assumed interference with digesting enzymes in vivo is doubtful (Mole and Waterman, 1985). On the importance of condensed tannins in nutrition, several reviews were published (McLeod, 1974; Tempel, 1982; Kumar and Singh, 1984 and …
Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability,
2025
University of Georgia
Screening Sericea Lespedeza Germplasm For Tannin Concentration In The Leaves And Herbage Palatability, J C. Petersen, J A. Mosjidis, N S. Hill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several million hectares in the subtropical world are currently used as grazing land for beef and dairy cattle, however, in many cases animal production is very low. To improve animal nutrition, cultivated legume species can be introduced. Sericea lespedeza has potential and could be utilized in the acid soils of the· subtropics. Generally, sericea is low in palatability and nutritive value because its leaves contain tannins, which have long been associated with low intake and reduced digestibility. Tannins are responsible for an astringent or bitter taste caused by the precipitation of salivary glycoprotein (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Chopping or macerating …
The Effect Of Selenium Fertilizer On The Selenium Status Of Sheep Grazing Annual Pasture In South-Western Australia, B R. Whelan, D W. Peter, N J. Barrow, D J. Buscall, V C. Cox
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White muscle disease was first reported in grazing livestock in Western Australia by Gardiner (1961). Sheep affected by the disease could be divided into two categories : young suckling lambs in winter and early spring, and weaners and hoggets in summer (Gardiner et al., 1962). Subsequent investigations showed that, while there were few clinical symptoms of selenium deficiency, there were probably many sheep suffering from ill-thrift. This sub-clinical deficiency caused reduced liveweight gains, reduced wool production and lowered ewe fertility. It was most noticeable in areas of greater than 600 mm of annual rainfall on the lighter sandy soils with …
Synthesis Of Cell Wall Components In Maize Internodes,
2025
Purdue University
Synthesis Of Cell Wall Components In Maize Internodes, J H. Cherney, J J. Volenec, G A. Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cell wall structure affects intake and digestibility of forages by rummants. Before microbial degradation of cell walls can be understood, it will be necessary to have a better understanding of cell wall formation. Internodes of grasses elongate in a_cropetal succession, with two internodes usually elongating s1multaneously. Elongating internodes consist of three regions : 1) a zone of cell division, 2) a zone of cell elongation, and 3) a zone of secondary cell wall deposition. This tissue provides an excellent system for studying cell wall changes in rapidly developing tissues. Our objectives were to : 1) examine changes in cell wall …
Natural And Artificial Drying Effects On Condensed Tannins Of Sericea Lespedeza,
2025
University of Georgia
Natural And Artificial Drying Effects On Condensed Tannins Of Sericea Lespedeza, T H. University Of Georgia, W R. Windham, J J. Evans, C S. Hoveland
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sericea lespedeza [Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don.] is well adapted to acid soils and low fertility but has generally been considered a low-quality forage due to high levels of tannin and indigestible fiber. Tannin levels increase during midsummer (Windham et al. 1988). The most commonly used assay for tannin in sericea is the vanillin-HCl procedure (Burns, 1963) on oven-dried samples. Oven-drying has been reported to cause increased polymerization or oxidative changes in tannins (Goldstein and Swain, 1963). Fresh-frozen sericea contained higher amounts of extractable tannin than field-dried forage and fiber digestibility of high-tannin sericea by sheep was much lower …
Novel Chloroviruses With Unique Glycans On Their Major Capsid Proteins,
2025
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Novel Chloroviruses With Unique Glycans On Their Major Capsid Proteins, Cayden J. Homolka
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
Chloroviruses, of the family Phycodnaviridae, are large, dsDNA viruses with a genome of 290 to 410 kb. These virus genomes are so large that they are classified as “giant viruses”. Within this genome, up to 16 tRNAs and 330 to 450 proteins are encoded. Among the massive amounts of genes and proteins are unique carbohydrate synthesis/metabolism genes, which are responsible for the glycosylation of chloroviruses major capsid proteins. In most viruses, these proteins are glycosylated by the host enzymes located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Instead, Chloroviruses encode their own glycosylation machinery; essentially decorating themselves. Furthermore, these chlorovirus glycans are unlike …
Maximizing Crop Production And Profitability Through Double Cropping Corn And Soybean Systems In South Carolina,
2025
Clemson University
Maximizing Crop Production And Profitability Through Double Cropping Corn And Soybean Systems In South Carolina, Bennett Harrelson
All Dissertations
Profitability is critical for farm sustainability, efficiency, and longevity. Over the last decade, corn and soybean commodity prices have fluctuated considerably, and more recently, extreme increases in input prices have narrowed profit margins. Non-traditional cropping systems that can boost profit are becoming of interest to farmers in South Carolina, specifically double cropping soybean behind corn. In this scenario, corn is harvested at high moisture contents and followed by ultra-late planted soybean. However, prior research related to the agronomic production practices of double cropping corn and soybean is minimal. To develop best management practices for growers interested in double cropping corn …
Mechanisms Of Perennial Sorghum Resistance To Sugarcane Aphid Infestation,
2025
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Mechanisms Of Perennial Sorghum Resistance To Sugarcane Aphid Infestation, Esha Kaler
Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, the fifth most-grown cereal crop in the world, is a versatile crop, grown across different agro-ecological regions. Sorghum has numerous uses ranging from food and forage purposes to biofuel production. Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) is a major threat to sorghum production, accounting for 50% to 100% yield loss under heavy infestations. Perennial sorghum can be a sustainable and climate-resilient alternative to the current cereal farming systems. The development of perennial sorghum offers numerous benefits, such as reduced economic inputs, more carbon sequestration, better soil health, and sustainable yields. We employed host plant resistance …
Integrating Genomic And Phenomic Breeding Tools For Wheat Stem Sawfly Resistance In Hard Winter Wheat,
2025
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Integrating Genomic And Phenomic Breeding Tools For Wheat Stem Sawfly Resistance In Hard Winter Wheat, Sydney E. Graham
Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–
The wheat stem sawfly (WSS; Cephus cinctus) is an insect pest that affects wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Northern Great Plains. This pest causes stem cutting that makes the plants susceptible to lodging and results in up to 30% yield loss. The primary management strategy for producers is utilizing host plant resistance, for which the main trait is stem solidness. This trait increases the pith thickness and provides resistance to the WSS by increasing larval mortality and reducing stem cutting. While stem solidness is largely controlled by a known major gene (SSt1), the phenotypic expression is also …
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation As A Non-Chemical Management Option Against Fungi And Heterotrophic Bacteria In Organic Sweetpotato Production,
2025
Clemson University
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation As A Non-Chemical Management Option Against Fungi And Heterotrophic Bacteria In Organic Sweetpotato Production, Meredith Tucker
All Theses
North Carolina is the largest producer of sweetpotatoes in the United States, with South Carolina increasing farming acreage to 2,501 in 2022 compared to 1,300 in 2017. Growers producing conventional and organic sweetpotatoes are equally challenged with managing fungal pathogens due to fungicide resistance or fungicides being unavailable due to environmental regulations, leading many to shift to growing organic crops. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a non-chemical pre-plant management option that uses a carbon amendment, irrigation, and plasticulture to establish an anaerobic environment in soils, killing soil microbes. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess ASD on fungal pathogens and …
The Impacts Of Management Practices On Industrial Hemp Chemistry, Physiology, And Microbiome Ecology.,
2025
University of Louisville
The Impacts Of Management Practices On Industrial Hemp Chemistry, Physiology, And Microbiome Ecology., Allison Marie Rietman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Agroecology incorporates ecology and agronomy to inform crop management. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a prime system to investigate agroecological questions because it has only recently been authorized for commercial cultivation and its sensitivity to biotic and abiotic stressors is unresolved. Here, I investigate how some conventional management choices, including the application of fungicide, plastic mulch, and irrigation, impact the physiology, chemistry, and microbial ecology of industrial hemp. Overall, I found that industrial hemp can be both resilient and resistant to these stressors, an important development for the industry. In Chapter II, I tested the impacts of fungicide application …
Investigate The Use Of Nucleic Acids As Pesticides To Manage Major Pests And Pathogens Of Crops In South Carolina,
2025
Clemson University
Investigate The Use Of Nucleic Acids As Pesticides To Manage Major Pests And Pathogens Of Crops In South Carolina, Prasanna Valavanur Shekar
All Dissertations
The sugarcane aphid (SCA, Melanaphis sorghi), first discovered on grain sorghum in late 2013, has gradually become a major insect pest of sorghum. It inflicts significant damage to the crop year after year, causing millions of dollars in losses throughout the sorghum-producing regions of the United States. Similarly, Armillaria root rot—also referred to as oak root rot—is a major cause of decline in peach (Prunus persica) production in the southeastern United States. This disease is caused by Armillaria mellea and Armillaria tabescens. Current management practices for controlling M. sorghi include the use of synthetic pesticides, resistant varieties, and regular scouting. …
Improved Management Strategies For Botrytis Fruit Rot, Macrophomina Root Rot, And Verticillium Wilt In California Strawberry Production,
2025
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
Improved Management Strategies For Botrytis Fruit Rot, Macrophomina Root Rot, And Verticillium Wilt In California Strawberry Production, Joseph A. Ramirez
Master's Theses
Strawberry production in California is limited by plant diseases such as Macrophomina root rot (MRR) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, Verticillium wilt (VW) caused by Verticillium dahliae, and Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) caused by Botrytis cinerea. Current disease management strategies are compromised due to fumigant regulations or ineffective disease management practices. This thesis investigated methods to potentially improve the management of these three diseases. Two host plant resistance evaluations for MRR and VW were conducted for the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 growing seasons. Sixty-three strawberry genotypes were screened in both years. All plants were exposed to the pathogen via artificial …
