Phenols As Defensive Compounds In Birch (Betula Spp.) Metabolism Of Platyphylloside In Goats, Rabbits And Hares,
2025
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Phenols As Defensive Compounds In Birch (Betula Spp.) Metabolism Of Platyphylloside In Goats, Rabbits And Hares, R T. Palo, G Iason, P G. Knutsonn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbivores of the boreal forest like moose (Alces alces), hares (Lepus spp.) and birds (Tetranoidae) use birch as a major feed source. The tree is of medium preference to the animals and is low in available nutrients for most of the year. Apart from a high amount of lignified cell walls it also contains considerable amounts oflow molecular phenolic substances (Palo, 1984). A herbivore feeding on birch could thus be excepted to ingest large amounts of phenols. These are in general enough fat soluble to enter animal cells expected to ingest large amounts of …
Forage Production And Nutritive Value Of Leucanea Leucoephala In Southern Puerto Rico,
2025
University of Puerto Rico
Forage Production And Nutritive Value Of Leucanea Leucoephala In Southern Puerto Rico, L E. Tergas, R Milton Martinez, A V. Mendez Cruz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Leucaena leucocephala (L.) is a perennial schrub native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, considered by investigators as a valuable forage legume because of its capacity for high production of digestible forage with a high protein content and tolerance to drought in semiarid regions with annual rainfall less than 1,000 mm (Skerman, 1977). The soil fertility of the semiarid region in southern Puerto Rico is adequate, but rainfall distribution is limiting for forage production and nutritive value. There is a demand for a suitable and inexpensive source of high quality forage to improve the diet of the grazing cattle …
Effect Of Chemical Composition Of Roughages On Their Degradation Characteristics In The Rumen And Their Relationship With The < In Vitro > Organic Matter Digestibility,
2025
Universidad de Leon
Effect Of Chemical Composition Of Roughages On Their Degradation Characteristics In The Rumen And Their Relationship With The < In Vitro > Organic Matter Digestibility, S Lopez, Dolores Carro, J S. Gonzales, Conchita Carpintero
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The microbial fermentation of feeds in the reticulo-rumen allows ruminants the utilization of feeds with amounts of cell wall components, i.e. roughages. This rumen fermentation can be affected by the feed chemical composition and numerous techniques have been developed for its determination (Van Soest, 1982). The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of the chemical composition of forages preserved under different methods on their degradation characteristics in the rumen determined by the « in sacco » method and to study the relationships between the « in vitro» organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and the rumen degradability.
Rumen Degradation Of Various Grass Species At Different Stages Of Growth,
2025
University College of North Wales
Rumen Degradation Of Various Grass Species At Different Stages Of Growth, L J. Halliday
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The species and cultivars sown depends on the farming system practiced. These developing swards are however, always invaded by native species including Agrostis, Paa and Festuca spp. which are generally referred to as 'weed' grasses. While the merits of Lolium spp. are well documented (Minson et al. 1960; Norton, 1982) information on the weed grasses is limited (Haggar, 1976). The potential for milk and meat production is dependent on the supply of utilizable nutrients to the animal's tissues which in turn is largely governed by the ability of rumen microbes to degrade plant cell walls. Although the degradability of dry …
Apparent Digestibility, Dynamics Of Rumen Fermentation And Sites Of Digestion Of Hays Of Leucaena Leucocephala (Lam) De Wit Cv. Peru, N M. Rodreiguez, I Borges
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Protein deficiency, among others, is a common problem for livestock production in tropical regions. The use oflegumes has been suggested as a solution and Leucaena leucocephala has shown a great potential due to its capacity of nitrogen (N) fixation and dry matter (DM) production (NAS, 1984). However, very little is known about its nutritive value regarding its protein-energy balance and the process of digestion. The present work aimed the evaluation of the nutritive value of hays of Leucaena leucocephala cut at two stages of growth, through trials of apparent digestibility, dynamics of rumen fermentation and partition of digestion.
In Situ Degradation Of Cell Wall Neutral Sugars Of Normal And Brown Midrib Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids,
2025
University of Illinois
In Situ Degradation Of Cell Wall Neutral Sugars Of Normal And Brown Midrib Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids, K J. Moore, J O. Fritz, E H. Jaster
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nutritive value of forage for ruminants is limited by the digestibility of the complex polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose by rumen microbes. In grasses, the polysaccharide fraction of the cell wall is composed largely of polymers of neutral sugars and to a lesser extent uronic acids. Cellulose is a high molecular weight linear polymer of B-1 ➔ 4) linked Dgluco-pyranose units. Hemicellulose is a complex mixture of linear and branched-chain heteropolymers containing xylose, arabmose, mannose, galactose, glucose, and uronic acids (Van Soest, 1982). Lignification of the cell wall is a primary factor limiting the digestion of cell wall polysaccharides. Close …
Feed Evaluation Using Mobile Dacron Bags And Influences Of The Diet Composition,
2025
Oklahoma State University
Feed Evaluation Using Mobile Dacron Bags And Influences Of The Diet Composition, H Anzola, F N. Owens
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Mobile Nylon Bag (MNB) technique has been used successfully in protein nutrition studies with swine (Sauer et al., 1983) to determine amino acid availability from protein in specific feedstuffs. Canadian researchers also have tested this technique to predict site of digestion in ruminants (Kirkpatrick and Kennelly, 1987). Differences in small intestinal digestion may explain why animal responses differ to dietary protein sources which have similar ruminal escape values (Owens, 1986). The MNB holds promise to appraise the intestinal availability of undegraded dietary protein though further developmel).t and testing are needed. The objective of this experiment was to examine the …
Prediction Of Digestibility And Protein From Growing Degree-Days For Crested And Western Wheatgrass,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Prediction Of Digestibility And Protein From Growing Degree-Days For Crested And Western Wheatgrass, A` B. Franck, J F. Karn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Morphological development of crops, including cool-season forage grasses, is mainly a function of air temperature. Morphological development of plants has been predicted from thermal units expressed as growing degree-days (GDD) (Franck, 1985 ; Wang, 1960). The use of thermal units also provides a predictive measure for managing forages based on growth stages rather than dates. However, forage digestibility ��nd crude protein (CP) content generally decrease as morphological development and time increase (Kamstra, 1973 ; Kilcher and Troelsen, 1973). The relationship between thermal units and forage digestibility and CP has not been defined for crested and western wheatgrasses. The primary purpose …
Forage Quality Of Coast Cross 1 Bermudagrass On Intestinal Digestion Of Dietary Amino Acids,
2025
lnstituto de Ciencia Animal
Forage Quality Of Coast Cross 1 Bermudagrass On Intestinal Digestion Of Dietary Amino Acids, G Coto, Hanna Meier, Patrica Malgarez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this work was to study the digestibility of dietary amino acids found in the fibrous material, considering the quality of the forage offered as the sole feeding source.
Sites Of Digestion Of Nitrogen Of Hays Made With The Tropical Legume Neonotonia Wightii,
2025
CIAT
Sites Of Digestion Of Nitrogen Of Hays Made With The Tropical Legume Neonotonia Wightii, R R. Vera, E A. Pizarro, A Toscano, N M. Rodriguez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical pasture species are of well-known lower quality than temperate species and there is evidence that some tropical legumes may contain antiquality factors that reduce further their nutritive value. Nonetheless, the nutritive value of Neonotonia wightii is generally moderate to high (Pizarro et al., 1983 ; Ribeiro et al., 1980), although there is little information on the factors that affect its quality, and none on the rate and sites of digestion within the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effect of age on the chemical composition, apparent digestibility and sites of …
Kinetic Study Of The Rumen Microbial Degradation Of Lucerne And Italian Ryegrass Observed By Scanning Electron Microscopy, E Grenet, J Jamot
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For the same digestibility cell wall contents of legumes and grasses differ ; their histological structure is not the same and this may account for the differences in rumen degradation. We studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the histological structure of these plants with regard to stages of maturity, and their kinetic degradation in the rumen.
Fermentation Characteristics Of Temperate Forage Stems Digested In Vitro,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Fermentation Characteristics Of Temperate Forage Stems Digested In Vitro, D R. Buxton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Digestion of herbage by ruminants is limited primarily by concentration of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) in herbage and degradability of this cell-wall material. Because mature stems usually contain more NDF than immature stems or leaves the proportion of stems approaching maturity is normally' the dominant morphological factor that determines digestibility of herbage (Buxton and Hornstein, 1986). On the basis of digestibility, NDF can be divided into two fractions: potentially digestible NDF (PDNDF) and indigestible NDF (IDNDF; Mertens and Ely, 1982), which is not digested regardless of length of fermentation. Digestion of NDF can be characterized by a two-stage process involving a …
Nitrogen And Organic Matter Disappearance In The Digestive Tract Of Sheep Grazing Three Winter Foggages,
2025
University of Pretoria
Nitrogen And Organic Matter Disappearance In The Digestive Tract Of Sheep Grazing Three Winter Foggages, W A. Van Niekerk, H H. Meissner, E B. Spreeth, I S. Conradie
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production in the tropics and subtropics is limited by poor intake. This results because of high cell wall content and poor digestibility of tropical forages (Minson & McLeod, 1970). During the dormant (winter) season these negative effects were exaggerated. Also, N declines resulting in a further reduction in intake. The questions addressed here were whether winter foggage of improved subtropical pastures could be beneficial and secondly, how three species adapted to the drier areas of South Africa, compare in this regard.
Nutritive Value Of Perennial Ryegrass Swards Grazed By Sheep In Autumn In The Uk,
2025
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute
Nutritive Value Of Perennial Ryegrass Swards Grazed By Sheep In Autumn In The Uk, J A. Milne, H Dove, A M. Sibbald
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A knowledge of the nutrient supply from grazed herbage for ewes in the autumn in N. Europe is required to predict the consequences for their subsequent reproductive performance. Herbage intake has been found to be positively related to sward height over this period at low sward heights but there is no information over a wider range of heights, on the amounts of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) available for absorption in the small intestine nor on the digestion of organic matter in the rumen. Experiments on frozen or artificially dried herbage harvested in the autumn have given variable results for the amounts …
Influence Due Niveau De Fertilization Azotee Sur La Degradabilite De L'Azote De La Fetuque Elevee Recoltee En Vert, P Le Goffe, R Verite, G Lemaire
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Il est connu que la fertilisation azotee ameliore non seulement la biomasse produite mais aussi la teneur en azote de la plante; cependant certains auteurs la soup9onnent de reduire le flux d'azote duodenal (Armstrong, 1974). Cette diminution de la valeur azotee reelle pourrait s'expliquer par la baisse des syntheses de proteines microbiennes et/ou !'augmentation de la degradation ruminale des proteines de l'herbe. Dans ce travail, l'effet de 2 niveaux de fertilisation azotee, appliques sur 4 cycles successifs d'une fetuque, sur la degradabilite de l'azote de la plante verte a ete etudie par 3 methodes differentes ; de plus l'incidence du …
Estimation Of The Extent Of Bacterial Contamination In Bag Residues And Its Influence On In Sacco Measurements Of Forage Nitrogen Degradation In Rumen, Brigitte Michalet-Doreau, M Y. Ould-Bah
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nylon bag technique has been used for many years to explain variations in intake and/or digestibility between forages (Van Keuren and Heinemann, 1962; Demarquilly and Chenost, 1969). More recently, this technique has appeared a relatively simple method to estimate the extent and rate of feeds (particularly protein) degradation in the rumen (Mehrez and Orskov, 1977; Madsen and Hvelplund, 1985). In all these studies, it is implicitely accepted that the nitrogen remaining in bags after a stay of variable duration in the rumen corresponds to non degraded feed nitrogen. However, in recent years, several authors (Mathers and Aitchison, 1981 with …
Effect Of Forage Conservation Methods On In Sacco Nitrogen Degradability In The Rumen,
2025
INRA
Effect Of Forage Conservation Methods On In Sacco Nitrogen Degradability In The Rumen, M Y. Ould Bah, Brigitte Michalet-Doreau
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Harvest and conservation of forages cause physico-chemical changes in plant proteins which have variable effects on their digestion in the rumen (Thomson and Beever, 1980). Studies of in sacco degradation have been made on fresh forages (Le Goffe, 1988), hays (Alvir et al., 1988) and silages (Madsen and Hvelplund, 1985; Nocek and Grant, 1987). However, no trial has concerned both fresh· forage and the corresponding conserved forms. It therefore appeared of interest to study modifications in nitrogen degradation resulting from different conservation methods.
Ruminal Disappearance Of Detergent - Fiber Nitrogen In Alfalfa Stems,
2025
Texas A&M
Ruminal Disappearance Of Detergent - Fiber Nitrogen In Alfalfa Stems, M A. Sanderson, W F. Wedin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Accurate estimates of herbage nitrogen (N) that is rurninally degradable are essential to new systems for estimating ruminant protein requirements. It has been suggested (Van Soest and Sniffen, 1984) that partitioning herbage N into neutral (NDFN) and acid (ADFN) detergent soluble and insoluble portions may be used to estimate ruminally degradable and undegradable N. Our objective was to determine the in situ degradability of total N, NDFN, ADFN, and available fiber nitrogen (AFN) in alfalfa stems.
Set Up On Nirs Calibration Populations For Predicting Protein And Net Energy Content In Forage Grasses And Legumes,
2025
Institute of Grassland and Forage Research, Federal Research Center of Agriculture, Braunschweig
Set Up On Nirs Calibration Populations For Predicting Protein And Net Energy Content In Forage Grasses And Legumes, C Paul
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The performance of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) depends critically on the sample set used in the calibration process (e.g. Hruschka and Norris, 1987; Paul, 1988). In forage quality testing a particular problem exists in that narrow based sample sets comprising only single botanical species may give equations of limited value under practical conditions. Broad based sample sets may, however, lead to equations with reduced analytical precision as compared to the former. The present work aims at a spectroscopic interpretation and a statistical validation of NIRS equations for protein and energy concentration developed from broad based and narrow based sets …
Comparative Study And Validation Of Three Methods To Estimate Apparent Digestibility Of Forages,
2025
Universidad de Chile
Comparative Study And Validation Of Three Methods To Estimate Apparent Digestibility Of Forages, A D. Cerda, B H. Manterola, A L. Sirhan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Laboratory methods for predicting in vivo digestibility are affected by a diversity of factors, giving a high variation in results. It is important that each laboratory standardizes and validates the different methods in order to have confidence in their predictive capacity. The main objective of this study is to quantify the most important factors affecting the methods, to obtain the best predicting equations and to set the ranges where those methods fit better.
