A Comparative Genome Analysis Of Cercospora Sojina With Other Members Of The Pathogen Genus Mycosphaerella On Different Plant Hosts,
2017
Shandong Agricultural University, China
A Comparative Genome Analysis Of Cercospora Sojina With Other Members Of The Pathogen Genus Mycosphaerella On Different Plant Hosts, Fanchang Zeng, Xin Lian, Guirong Zhang, Xiaoman Yu, Carl A. Bradley, Ray Ming
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Fungi are the causal agents of many of the world's most serious plant diseases causing disastrous consequences for large-scale agricultural production. Pathogenicity genomic basis is complex in fungi as multicellular eukaryotic pathogens. Here, we report the genome sequence of C. sojina, and comparative genome analysis with plant pathogen members of the genus Mycosphaerella (Zymoseptoria. tritici (synonyms M. graminicola), M. pini, M. populorum and M. fijiensis - pathogens of wheat, pine, poplar and banana, respectively). Synteny or collinearity was limited between genomes of major Mycosphaerella pathogens. Comparative analysis with these related pathogen genomes indicated distinct genome-wide repeat …
Multiple Origins Of Endosymbionts In Chlorellaceae With No Reductive Effects On The Plastid Or Mitochondrial Genomes,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Multiple Origins Of Endosymbionts In Chlorellaceae With No Reductive Effects On The Plastid Or Mitochondrial Genomes, Weishu Fan, Wenhu Guo, James L. Van Etten, Jeffrey P. Mower
James Van Etten Publications
Ancient endosymbiotic relationships have led to extreme genomic reduction in many bacterial and eukaryotic algal endosymbionts. Endosymbionts in more recent and/or facultative relationships can also experience genomic reduction to a lesser extent, but little is known about the effects of the endosymbiotic transition on the organellar genomes of eukaryotes. To understand how the endosymbiotic lifestyle has affected the organellar genomes of photosynthetic green algae, we generated the complete plastid genome (plastome) and mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences from three green algal endosymbionts (Chlorella heliozoae, Chlorella variabilis and Micractinium conductrix). The mitogenomes and plastomes of the three newly sequenced endosymbionts …
A Comparison Of Soils And Their Associated Microbial Communities As Affected By Sugarcane Cultivation,
2017
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
A Comparison Of Soils And Their Associated Microbial Communities As Affected By Sugarcane Cultivation, Adam Francis Bigott
LSU Master's Theses
In Louisiana, sugarcane has been grown in the same soils for over 200 years. A phenomenon wherein soils with a long-term sugarcane cropping history produce decreased yields compared to adjacent land without a recent history of sugarcane cultivation has been documented in multiple sugarcane growing regions. Research in both Louisiana and internationally has shown positive plant growth responses when soils with a long-term cultivation history are sterilized or treated with selective biocides, suggesting there is a biological component to the underlying soil health issue. In this study, soil microbial ecology was compared for paired sites with short and long-term sugarcane …
Pengaruh Inokulasi Trichoderma Sp Dan Varietas Bawang Merah Terhadap Penyakit Moler Dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L),
2017
Fakultas Pertanian Unswagati Cirebon
Pengaruh Inokulasi Trichoderma Sp Dan Varietas Bawang Merah Terhadap Penyakit Moler Dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium Ascalonicum L), Deden, Uum Umiyati
Jurnal Kultivasi
Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura unggulan yang sejak lama telah diusahakan oleh petani secara intensif, khusunya petani di wilayah Cirebon. Salah satu penyakit yang sering dijumpai pada tanaman bawang merah adalah penyakit moler. Saat ini pengendalian penyakit Moler masih bertumpu pada penggunaan kimia (Fungisida). Salah satu agen hayati yang sudah terbukti berperan ampuh sebagai pengendali hayati yaitu Trichoderma sp. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan interaksi antara Trichoderma sp dan varietas bawang merah terhadap pengendalian penyakit moler dan hasil tanaman bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L), (2) Untuk mengetahui jenis dan dosis …
Differentially Regulated Orthologs In Sorghum And The
Subgenomes Of Maize,
2017
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
Differentially Regulated Orthologs In Sorghum And The Subgenomes Of Maize, Yang Zhang, Daniel W. Ngu, Daniel Santana De Carvalho, Zhikai Liang, Yumou Qiu, Rebecca Roston, James C. Schnable
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Identifying interspecies changes in gene regulation, one of the two primary sources of phenotypic variation, is challenging on a genome-wide scale. The use of paired time-course data on cold-responsive gene expression in maize (Zea mays) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) allowed us to identify differentially regulated orthologs. While the majority of cold-responsive transcriptional regulation of conserved gene pairs is species specific, the initial transcriptional responses to cold appear to be more conserved than later responses. In maize, the promoters of genes with conserved transcriptional responses to cold tend to contain more micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive sites in their …
The Role Of Co-Opted Escrt Proteins And Lipid Factors In Protection Of Tombusviral Double-Stranded Rna Replication Intermediate Against Reconstituted Rnai In Yeast,
2017
University of Kentucky
The Role Of Co-Opted Escrt Proteins And Lipid Factors In Protection Of Tombusviral Double-Stranded Rna Replication Intermediate Against Reconstituted Rnai In Yeast, Nikolay Kovalev, Jun-Ichi Inaba, Zhenghe Li, Peter D. Nagy
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Reconstituted antiviral defense pathway in surrogate host yeast is used as an intracellular probe to further our understanding of virus-host interactions and the role of co-opted host factors in formation of membrane-bound viral replicase complexes in protection of the viral RNA against ribonucleases. The inhibitory effect of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery of S. castellii, which only consists of the two-component DCR1 and AGO1 genes, was measured against tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) in wild type and mutant yeasts. We show that deletion of the co-opted ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport I) or ESCRT-III factors makes …
Soybean Cyst Nematode Hatching Behavior,
2017
Prairie State College
Soybean Cyst Nematode Hatching Behavior, Aaron K. West, Sita Thapa, Nathan E. Schroeder
PRECS student projects
The ability of soybean cyst nematodes (SCN. Heterodera glycines) to lay dormant as eggs within a cyst for up to 11 years, has made this parasite a principal target for soybean crop pest management. Research on SCN hatching will improve understanding of SCN biology will uncover new mechanisms for their control. This poster summarizes three experiments using hatching stimulants, soybean root exudate (SRE) zinc chloride, testing whether it affects post hatch development.
Induction And Suppression Of Antiviral Rna Silencing By Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Induction And Suppression Of Antiviral Rna Silencing By Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Sergio M. Gabriel Peralta
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is an emerging pathogen with wide host range and one of the most important viruses of plants. Information regarding processing of negative single stranded RNA viruses such as TSWV in the RNA silencing pathway remains limited. In nature TSWV is only transmitted by thrips as vectors and since infection occurs in both thrips and plants, an experimental system to transmit using thrips and the detection of TSWV were established. In order to understand the processing of TSWV in the RNA silencing pathway, Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant was used in the genetic analysis against …
Swainsonine Biosynthesis Genes In Diverse Symbiotic And Pathogenic Fungi,
2017
US Department of Agriculture
Swainsonine Biosynthesis Genes In Diverse Symbiotic And Pathogenic Fungi, Daniel Cook, Bruno G. G. Donzelli, Rebecca Creamer, Deana L. Baucom, Dale R. Gardner, Juan Pan, Neil Moore, Stuart B. Krasnoff, Jerzy W. Jaromczyk, Christopher L. Schardl
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Swainsonine—a cytotoxic fungal alkaloid and a potential cancer therapy drug—is produced by the insect pathogen and plant symbiont Metarhizium robertsii, the clover pathogen Slafractonia leguminicola, locoweed symbionts belonging to Alternaria sect. Undifilum, and a recently discovered morning glory symbiont belonging to order Chaetothyriales. Genome sequence analyses revealed that these fungi share orthologous gene clusters, designated “SWN,” which included a multifunctional swnKgene comprising predicted adenylylation and acyltransferase domains with their associated thiolation domains, a β-ketoacyl synthase domain, and two reductase domains. The role of swnK was demonstrated by inactivating it in M. robertsii through homologous …
Genome Sequence Variation In The Constricta Strain Dramatically Alters The Protein Interaction And Localization Map Of Potato Yellow Dwarf Virus,
2017
University of Kentucky
Genome Sequence Variation In The Constricta Strain Dramatically Alters The Protein Interaction And Localization Map Of Potato Yellow Dwarf Virus, Chanyong Jang, Renyuan Wang, Joseph Wells, Fabian Leon, Mark Farman, John Hammond, Michael M. Goodin
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
The genome sequence of the constricta strain of Potato yellow dwarf virus (CYDV) was determined to be 12 792 nt long and organized into seven ORFs with the gene order 3′-N-X-P-Y-M-G-L-5′, which encodes the nucleocapsid, phospho, movement, matrix, glyco, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase proteins, respectively, except for X, which is of unknown function. Cloned ORFs for each gene, except L, were used to construct a protein interaction and localization map (PILM) for this virus, which shares greater than 80 % amino acid similarity in all ORFs except X and P with the sanguinolenta strain of this species (SYDV). Protein localization …
First Report Of Xanthomonas Vasicola Causing Bacterial Leaf Streak On Corn In The United States,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Alachua County Extension, University of Florida
First Report Of Xanthomonas Vasicola Causing Bacterial Leaf Streak On Corn In The United States, K. A. Korus, J. M. Lang, A. O. Adesemoye, C. C. Block, N. Pal, J. E. Leach, T. A. Jackson-Ziems
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
In 2014 and 2015, Zea mays samples (field, seed, and popcorn) were submitted to the Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln displaying long, dark, yellow to brown, water-soaked, linear lesions confined to the interveinal spaces of the leaves. Initial symptoms appeared as small water-soaked flecks that expanded between veins to form irregular lesions. In some cases, the disease progressed to cover 40 to 50% of the leaf area. The disease was confirmed by symptom expression and bacterial streaming in 41 counties in Nebraska as well as Yuma Co., Colorado, and Phillips Co., Kansas, both contiguous to …
Cover Crops: A Primer,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Cover Crops: A Primer, Joshua J. Miller, Katja Koehler-Cole, Rodrigo Werle, Daren Redfearn
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
When deciding how best to use cover crops, it is important to consider the ultimate goal. Is it to increase soil organic matter, increase nutrient availability to subsequent crops, reduce soil compaction, supply forage for livestock, and/or suppress weeds? Answering these questions will help identify the cover crops that offer the best chance of success for meeting the goal. Primarily, cover crops are used to enhance soil conservation, nutrient cycling and supply, and weed control. However, these benefits vary based on the species of cover crop that is planted, so it is important to select the crop type that will …
Phenotypic Variation And Genetic Purity Of The Original 'Prime-Jim®' X 'Arapaho' Population,
2017
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Phenotypic Variation And Genetic Purity Of The Original 'Prime-Jim®' X 'Arapaho' Population, Loren M. Luther
Horticulture Undergraduate Honors Theses
In 2013, Castro et al., produced the first linkage map for primocane-fruiting blackberries using the cross ‘Prime-Jim®’ x ‘Arapaho.’ This mapping population has been maintained since the original experiment with the hopes of conducting future studies. Further research was determined to be needed on the population to better characterize additional phenotypic traits, and since nine years had passed since the seedlings were established, there was a need to assess the continued genetic purity of the population using molecular methods. Phenotypic data was collected to analyze the variation of the population including soluble solids content, titratable acidity, average weight, shape, and …
A Specialized Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Contributes To The Extreme Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Content Of Cuphea Seed Oil,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
A Specialized Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Contributes To The Extreme Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Content Of Cuphea Seed Oil, Umidjon Iskandarov, Jillian E. Silva, Hae Jin Kim, Mariette Andersson, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Keithanne Mockaitis, Edgar B. Cahoon
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications
Seed oils of many Cuphea sp. contain .90% of medium-chain fatty acids, such as decanoic acid (10:0). These seed oils, which are among the most compositionally variant in the plant kingdom, arise from specialized fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes and specialized acyltransferases. These include lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) that are required for successive acylation of medium-chain fatty acids in the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of seed triacylglycerols (TAGs). Here we report the identification of a cDNA for a DGAT1-type enzyme, designated CpuDGAT1, from the transcriptome of C. avigera var pulcherrima developing seeds. Microsomes of camelina (Camelina …
Spatial Variability Of Seedling Disease Pressure In Cotton Fields,
2017
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Spatial Variability Of Seedling Disease Pressure In Cotton Fields, Kyle Douglas Wilson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Seedling diseases are important factors in cotton stand establishment, and seedling disease pathogens are widespread in fields in Arkansas. Little is known about the variability of seedling disease pressure within fields. With expanded adoption of site-specific management and other precision agriculture approaches, cotton producers are increasingly interested in predicting seedling disease pressure, particularly in spatially variable fields. The cotton seedling disease pathogens include the soilborne pathogens Thielaviopsis basicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., and Fusarium spp. These pathogens can survive in soil for long periods and, and when the environment is conducive, these pathogens can act individually or in combination to …
Identification Of Intrahelical Bifurcated H‑Bonds As A New Type Of Gate In K+ Channels,
2017
Technical University Darmstadt
Identification Of Intrahelical Bifurcated H‑Bonds As A New Type Of Gate In K+ Channels, Oliver Rauh, Martin Urban, Leonhard M. Henkes, Tobias Winterstein, Timo Greiner, James L. Van Etten, Anna Moroni, Stefan M. Kast, Gerhard Thiel, Indra Schroeder
James Van Etten Publications
Gating of ion channels is based on structural transitions between open and closed states. To uncover the chemical basis of individual gates, we performed a comparative experimental and computational analysis between two K+ channels, KcvS and KcvNTS. These small viral encoded K+ channel proteins, with a monomer size of only 82 amino acids, resemble the pore module of all complex K+ channels in terms of structure and function. Even though both proteins share about 90% amino acid sequence identity, they exhibit different open probabilities with ca. 90% in KcvNTS and 40% in KcvS. …
Range-Wide Prevalence And Impacts Of Pseudocercosporella Inconspicua On Lilium Grayi And An Assessment Of L. Superbum And L. Michauxii As Reservoirs,
2017
East Tennessee State University
Range-Wide Prevalence And Impacts Of Pseudocercosporella Inconspicua On Lilium Grayi And An Assessment Of L. Superbum And L. Michauxii As Reservoirs, Cindy L. Barrett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lilium grayi (Gray’s Lily), a southern Appalachian endemic species, is threatened by a Lilium-specific fungal pathogen, Pseudocercosporella inconspicua. The disease is characterized by tan lesions that can cause early senescence, while also lowering seed production and viability. This project tested for P. inconspicua conidia and accessed health at nine locations. The disease was present and ubiquitous across the range of L. grayi. Through identification of P. inconspicua conidia in the field, L. superbum (Turk’s Cap Lily) was identified as an additional host, while L. michauxii (Michaux’s Lily) was disease-free. However, infection was inducible in both species. With …
Pengaruh Penambahan Arang Sekam Dan Ukuran Polybag Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat Kultivar ‘Valouro’ Hasil Sambung Batang,
2017
Departemen Budidaya, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
Pengaruh Penambahan Arang Sekam Dan Ukuran Polybag Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat Kultivar ‘Valouro’ Hasil Sambung Batang, Tino Mutiarawati Onggo, Kusumiyati, A. Nurfitriana
Jurnal Kultivasi
Tanaman tomat beef merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang peka terhadap penyakit tular-tanah. Penerapan teknologi sambung batang dilakukan untuk melindungi tanaman dari serangan penyakit tersebut sehingga dapat menghasilkan buah dengan kualitas yang optimal. Penanaman dalam polybag dimaksudkan agar rumah plastik dapat digunakan untuk penanaman tomat secara kontinyu. Arang sekam sebagai salah satu bahan pembenah tanah diaplikasikan untuk perbaikan tanah Inceptisol Jatinangor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi penambahan bahan pembenah arang sekam dan ukuran polybag yang berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat beef kultivar Valouro hasil sambung batang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2015 sampai …
Sterol Binding By The Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential For Replication In Yeast And Plants,
2017
University of Kentucky
Sterol Binding By The Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential For Replication In Yeast And Plants, Kai Xu, Peter D. Nagy
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Membranous structures derived from various organelles are important for replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses. Although the important roles of co-opted host proteins in RNA virus replication have been appreciated for a decade, the equally important functions of cellular lipids in virus replication have been gaining full attention only recently. Previous work with Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (TBSV) in model host yeast has revealed essential roles for phosphatidylethanolamine and sterols in viral replication. To further our understanding of the role of sterols in tombusvirus replication, in this work we showed that the TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins could bind to …
Detecting, Cloning, And Screening For Suppressors Of Rna Silencing In Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus And Sugarcane Mosaic Virus,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Detecting, Cloning, And Screening For Suppressors Of Rna Silencing In Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus And Sugarcane Mosaic Virus, Nicole E. Bacheller
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is one of the most important viral diseases of maize. MLND occurs when Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) co-infects the same plant with one of several potyviruses, including Sugarcane mosaic virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus or Maize dwarf mosaic virus. Originally prevalent in the Midwest and Peru in the 1970s, the disease was called corn lethal necrosis (CLN) and was controlled through breeding and sanitation. Recently, the disease has re-emerged in East Africa and is rapidly spreading and threatening the food sources of subsistence-farming populations. This re-emergence has raised several questions about the unknown …
