An Inquiry-Based Investigation Of Bacterial Soft Rot Of Potato,
2018
University of Kentucky
An Inquiry-Based Investigation Of Bacterial Soft Rot Of Potato, Robert Louis Hirsch, Seth Miller, Dennis Halterman
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Inquiry-based investigations of diseases are often difficult to safely undertake in middle school or high school science courses. However, by utilizing potatoes as a mammalian analogue, important groups of pathogens can be investigated with common materials available from the local supermarket. This article provides information to guide the exploration of factors underlying the development of the potato disease bacterial soft rot, caused by Pectobacterium caratovorum, and allows students the freedom to develop and test their own hypotheses regarding the development of symptoms, the spread of pathogens, and the impact of host and environmental variables on the progress of disease.
Capsid Structure Of Dsrna Fungal Viruses,
2018
Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Spain
Capsid Structure Of Dsrna Fungal Viruses, Daniel Luque, Carlos P. Mata, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Said A. Ghabrial, José R. Castón
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Most fungal, double-stranded (ds) RNA viruses lack an extracellular life cycle stage and are transmitted by cytoplasmic interchange. dsRNA mycovirus capsids are based on a 120-subunit T = 1 capsid, with a dimer as the asymmetric unit. These capsids, which remain structurally undisturbed throughout the viral cycle, nevertheless, are dynamic particles involved in the organization of the viral genome and the viral polymerase necessary for RNA synthesis. The atomic structure of the T = 1 capsids of four mycoviruses was resolved: the L-A virus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScV-L-A), Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV), Penicillium stoloniferum virus F (PsV-F), and Rosellinia necatrix …
Dna Barcoding Evidence For The North American Presence Of Alfalfa Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Medicaginis,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Dna Barcoding Evidence For The North American Presence Of Alfalfa Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Medicaginis, Tom Powers, Andrea Skantar, Timothy Harris, Rebecca Higgins, Peter Mullin, Saad Hafez, Zafar Handoo, Tim Todd, Kirsten S. Powers
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Specimens of Heterodera have been collected from alfalfa fields in Kearny County, Kansas and Carbon County, Montana. DNA barcoding with the COI mitochondrial gene indicate that the species is not Heterodera glycines, soybean cyst nematode, H. schachtii, sugar beet cyst nematode, or H. trifolii, clover cyst nematode. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees show that the alfalfa specimens form a sister clade most closely related to H. glycines, with a 4.7% mean pairwise sequence divergence across the 862 nucleotides of the COI marker. Morphological analyses of juveniles and cysts conform to the measurements of H. medicaginis, the alfalfa cyst nematode originally described …
Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus: Epidemiological Patterns And Construction Of A Clone,
2018
Missouri State University
Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus: Epidemiological Patterns And Construction Of A Clone, Cory Von Keith
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) is a recently discovered virus belonging to the Badnavirus genus. Characteristic to its name, the virus is associated with a disease where symptoms manifest as pronounced vein-clearing, resulting in severe berry deformation and vine decline in susceptible grape varieties. Sustainable production of wine is dependent on healthy plants. The associated disease is mainly found in Midwest vineyards. Attempts were made in this thesis to provide evidence of causality of the virus to the associated disease and to infer the historical path and migration pattern of GVCV. Conclusions and discussions will provide grape producers with the …
Pipecolic Acid Confers Systemic Immunity By Regulating Free Radicals,
2018
Qingdao Agricultural University, China
Pipecolic Acid Confers Systemic Immunity By Regulating Free Radicals, Caixia Wang, Ruiying Liu, Gah-Hyun Lim, Laura De Lorenzo, Keshun Yu, Kai Zhang, Arthur G. Hunt, Aardra Kachroo, Pradeep Kachroo
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Pipecolic acid (Pip), a non-proteinaceous product of lysine catabolism, is an important regulator of immunity in plants and humans alike. In plants, Pip accumulates upon pathogen infection and has been associated with systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Pip-mediated signaling and its relationship to other known SAR inducers remain unknown. We show that in plants, Pip confers SAR by increasing levels of the free radicals, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which act upstream of glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P). Plants defective in NO, ROS, G3P, or salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis accumulate reduced Pip in their distal uninfected …
Assembly-Hub Function Of Er-Localized Snare Proteins In Biogenesis Of Tombusvirus Replication Compartment,
2018
University of Kentucky
Assembly-Hub Function Of Er-Localized Snare Proteins In Biogenesis Of Tombusvirus Replication Compartment, Zsuzsanna Sasvari, Nikolay Kovalev, Paulina Alatriste Gonzalez, Kai Xu, Peter D. Nagy
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Positive-strand RNA viruses assemble numerous membrane-bound viral replicase complexes within large replication compartments to support their replication in infected cells. Yet the detailed mechanism of how given subcellular compartments are subverted by viruses is incompletely understood. Although, Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) uses peroxisomal membranes for replication, in this paper, we show evidence that the ER-resident SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) proteins play critical roles in the formation of active replicase complexes in yeast model host and in plants. Depletion of the syntaxin 18-like Ufe1 and Use1, which are components of the ER SNARE complex in the ERAS (ER …
Gwas For Fusarium Head Blight Related Traits In Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) In An Artificially Warmed Treatment,
2018
University of Kentucky
Gwas For Fusarium Head Blight Related Traits In Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) In An Artificially Warmed Treatment, Elisane W. Tessmann, David A. Van Sanford
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
Global temperature increases will affect Fusarium head blight (FHB) levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A pressing question is whether current sources of resistance will be effective in a warmer environment. We evaluated phenotypic response to disease in 238 soft winter wheat breeding lines and cultivars grown in 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 under control and warmed (+3 °C) conditions. Warming was achieved with heating cables buried 3 cm in the rhizosphere. We measured heading date, plant height, yield, FHB rating, Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol (DON), leaf blotch rating, powdery mildew rating and leaf rust rating. There were significant ( …
Evaluation Of Bacillus Strains For Plant Growth-Promotion Potentials On Corn (Zea Mays), Wheat (Triticum Aestivum), And Soybean (Glycine Max).,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evaluation Of Bacillus Strains For Plant Growth-Promotion Potentials On Corn (Zea Mays), Wheat (Triticum Aestivum), And Soybean (Glycine Max)., Rufus John Akinrinlola
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can increase plant growth and yield by facilitating nutrient availability, hormone production, and inhibiting plant deleterious microorganisms. Twelve strains of bacillus (endospore-forming bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Lysinibacillus) isolated from wheat rhizospheres were assessed for plant-growth promotion attributes in greenhouse and laboratory experiments. The objectives were to assess each strain’s potential to promote growth in corn, wheat, and soybean; and to determine whether the physiological traits expressed in vitro by the strains related to their effectiveness in promoting plant growth. Greenhouse experiments to assess growth-promotion potential were conducted by applying the strains …
Assessment Of Resistance To Botrytis Cinerea In Arabidopsis Expressing Grapevine Sts Genes And Analysis Of New Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus Isolates,
2018
Missouri State University
Assessment Of Resistance To Botrytis Cinerea In Arabidopsis Expressing Grapevine Sts Genes And Analysis Of New Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus Isolates, Li Su
Graduate Theses/Dissertations
Grapevine stilbene synthase gene (STS) family is unusually large with more than 32 members of full-length genes. Resveratrol and piceid are synthesized in VaSTS7-, VvSTS22-, VaSTS22-transgenic Arabidopsis. To study the function of these STS genes in the resistance against Botrytis cinerea in vivo, lesion sizes on these STS transgenic Arabidopsis were compared to that on non-transgenic control Col-0, at 96 hours post inoculation with B. cinerea spores at 0, 200, or 1,000 spores/μl. In each experiment there were three biological replicates. Three lesion sizes from each replicate were averaged. The experiment was repeated three …
Dicamba Effects On Soybean (Glycine Max) Growth, Yield, And Offspring,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Dicamba Effects On Soybean (Glycine Max) Growth, Yield, And Offspring, Mark Spencer Mccown
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Introduction of a new dicamba-resistant (Xtend) trait in soybean and cotton will increase dicamba herbicide use. Consequently, concern for injury to sensitive crops from off-target movement and tank contamination will likely increase. For soybean, foliar symptoms associated with dicamba damage do not necessarily reflect yield losses; hence, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dicamba on soybean growth, yield, and offspring. Low rates of dicamba [1/64X (8.75 g ae ha-1) and 1/256X (2.18 g ae ha-1) of a normal 1X field rate (560 g ae ha-1)] were applied at two vegetative growth stages (V4, V6) and at each reproductive …
A Genome Wide Association Study For Fusarium Head Blight Resistance In Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
A Genome Wide Association Study For Fusarium Head Blight Resistance In Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat, Amanda Holder
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a disease of small grains caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. FHB poses potential economic losses and health risks due to the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on infected seed heads. The objectives of this study are: 1) evaluate soft red winter wheat (SRWW) lines for resistance to FHB in terms of resistance to initial inoculum (incidence); resistance to spread within the head (severity); resistance to DON accumulation; and resistance to Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), 2) determine the frequency and effect of known FHB resistance genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL), and 3) …
Combining Translational And Functional Genomic Approaches To Augment Management Strategies Of Plant Parasitic Nematodes,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Combining Translational And Functional Genomic Approaches To Augment Management Strategies Of Plant Parasitic Nematodes, Sandeep Sharma Khatiwada
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a major threat to crop yield worldwide. Discontinued use of harmful chemicals has prompted the search for alternative management strategies that are effective yet environmentally friendly. Harpin proteins, which are derived from bacteria, and nematophagous fungi, natural predators of nematodes, are ideal for biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. However, research on the efficacy of harpin proteins on nematodes, and biology of nematophagous fungi is minimal. Previously, a taxonomically uncharacterized nematophagous fungus designated ARF18 effectively suppressed nematode populations in soil. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to utilize applied and functional genomic approaches to augment management of …
Genetic And Phytopathological Studies On Charcoal Rot Resistance In Soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merr.],
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Genetic And Phytopathological Studies On Charcoal Rot Resistance In Soybean [Glycine Max (L) Merr.], Marcos Paulo Da Silva
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Charcoal rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a disease of economic significance in the United States. The identification and quantification of the resistance is difficult, and very little is known about the genetics and markers linked to the charcoal rot (CR) resistance genes. Current assay methods can be time consuming, and data may vary between tests. The objectives of this study were to 1) create a robust seed plate assay (SPA) for CR resistance by comparing results with cut-stem and CFUI assays; 2) correlate and compare field data disease assessments with SPA; 3) identify QTLs …
Evaluation Of Dicamba Off-Target Movement And Subsequent Effects On Soybean Offspring,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Evaluation Of Dicamba Off-Target Movement And Subsequent Effects On Soybean Offspring, Gordon Travis Jones
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Commercial launch of cotton with resistance to dicamba, glyphosate, and glufosinate occurred in 2015 and launch of soybean with resistance to dicamba and glyphosate occurred in early 2016. It is likely that non-dicamba-resistant soybean will be planted in close proximity to dicamba-resistant soybean and cotton. Therefore, experiments were conducted to examine the distance dicamba moves during an application using commercial application equipment, as well as the effect the drift events have upon soybean offspring. Additional experiments were designed to investigate the effect glyphosate addition to dicamba has upon soybean growth and yield as well as possible effects on offspring. Lastly, …
Seasonal Phenology, Distribution And Treatments For Polyphagotarsonemus Latus (Banks) On Primocane-Fruiting Blackberries (Rubus L. Subgenus Rubus) In Arkansas,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Seasonal Phenology, Distribution And Treatments For Polyphagotarsonemus Latus (Banks) On Primocane-Fruiting Blackberries (Rubus L. Subgenus Rubus) In Arkansas, Jessica Anne Lefors
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Worldwide, blackberries (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus) are an economically important crop. In 2007, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) (broad mites), were first reported damaging primocane-fruiting blackberries in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Since this time, broad mite damage to blackberries and yield loss has been reported in many states and countries. Despite the increasing reports of this blackberry pest, little is known about their population dynamics, and few treatments are available. Growers with broad mite populations need a pest management program to minimize yield loss. Therefore, there was a need to develop sampling techniques, describe broad mite seasonal phenology in blackberry fields, and determine efficacy …
Clarireedia: A New Fungal Genus Comprising Four Pathogenic Species Responsible For Dollar Spot Disease Of Turfgrass,
2018
Agricultural Research Service & ARS Research Participation Program
Clarireedia: A New Fungal Genus Comprising Four Pathogenic Species Responsible For Dollar Spot Disease Of Turfgrass, Catalina Salgado-Salazar, Lisa A. Beirn, Adnan Ismaiel, Michael J. Boehm, Ignazio Carbone, Alexander I. Putman, Lane P. Tredway, Bruce B. Clarke, Jo Anne Crouch
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Dollar spot is one of the most destructive and economically important fungal diseases of amenity turfgrasses. The causal agent was first described in 1937 as the ascomycete Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. However, the genus-level taxonomic placement of this fungus has been the subject of an ongoing debate for over 75 y. Existing morphological and rDNA sequence evidence indicates that this organism is more appropriately placed in the family Rutstroemiaceae rather than the Sclerotiniaceae. Here we use DNA sequence data from samples of the dollar spot fungus and other members of the Rutstroemiaceae (e.g. Rutstroemia, Lanzia, Lambertella) collected throughout the world to determine …
Pengaruh Posisi Bukaan Plastik Baglog Dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Fosfor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus),
2018
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Winaya Mukti
Pengaruh Posisi Bukaan Plastik Baglog Dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Fosfor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus), Lia Amalia, R Budiasih, Asep Samsul
Jurnal Kultivasi
The decrease in mushroom produc-tivity due to openings at the top of the baglog needs to be balanced with phosphor to increase the mushroom harvest. The research study the interaction effect of opening position plastic baglogs and concentration of phosphor fertilizers to growth and yield of oyster mushroom. The experiment has been done in Mushrooms House, Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University, Sumedang with altitude of 850 m above sea level. It was carried out from September until December 2015. The experimental design used in this experiment was completely randomized design and treatment design was factorial. The treatment consisted of …
Preferensi Petani Terhadap Keragaan Padi (Oryza Sativa) Unggul Untuk Lahan Sawah Di Wilayah Pangandaran Dan Cilacap,
2018
Program Doktor, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
Preferensi Petani Terhadap Keragaan Padi (Oryza Sativa) Unggul Untuk Lahan Sawah Di Wilayah Pangandaran Dan Cilacap, Muhammad Khais Prayoga, Neni Rostini, Mieke Rochimi Setiawati, Tualar Simarmata, Silke Stoeber, Kustiwa Adinata
Jurnal Kultivasi
The object that conducted in this study is farmer's preferences of rice plant charac-teristics. This study was taken in 3 villages which are village Ciganjeng, village Pamotan, and village Rawaapu. The method used in this study was quantitative design with descriptive analysis. The respondents were 64 rice plant farmers. Measuring instrument used was questionnaire and interview. The result of this study showed that farmers has its own preference for the character of rice plants. Conclution of this study is farmers preferred rice plants which has an average height of plants, wide leaves, leave's surface, leave's angle, and rice straw's type; …
Exploration Of Soybean Nodule Microbiome For Plant Health Management,
2018
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Exploration Of Soybean Nodule Microbiome For Plant Health Management, Serkan Tokgöz
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Root nodule is a unique environment formed in the legume roots through a highly specific symbiotic relationship between leguminous plants and nodule inducing bacteria. Over the years, Rhizobia have been thought as the only group of bacteria residing within the nodules. However, this consideration has been recently changed with the discovery of other groups of bacteria besides Rhizobia within the legume nodules. In an effort to identify beneficial bacteria for plant disease control and growth promotion, soybean nodules were studied as the source of nodule-associated bacteria. Metagenomics analysis of a single soybean nodule was conducted to determine the bacterial diversity …
Does The Fungal Pathogen (Botryosphaeria Dothidea) Exceed The Dehydration Tolerance Of Its Chaparral Host?,
2018
Pepperdine University
Does The Fungal Pathogen (Botryosphaeria Dothidea) Exceed The Dehydration Tolerance Of Its Chaparral Host?, Cristian M. Garcia
Seaver College Research And Scholarly Achievement Symposium
We tested the hypothesis that an opportunistic endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea that frequently infects and causes dieback in several different species of chaparral shrubs in the Santa Monica Mountains continues to elongate and grow in host tissues at dehydration levels that exceed host survival. This was done by collecting several large branches from the field from three dominant species of co-occurring chaparral shrubs, Malosma laurina, Ceanothus spinosus, and Ceanothus megacarpus. We allowed branches to dehydrate at increasing lengths of time, from a few days to one week, in an air-conditioned laboratory, then sealed in plastic bags to allow tissuewater equilibration, …
