Plant Pathology Commons^™

Biomass Yield And Nutritive Quality Of Panicum Maximum In The Natural Pastures During The Dry Season In Abeokuta, Nigeria, Adetayo B. Adekeye, Olufemi S. Onifade, Jimoh A. Olanite, Olubukola A. Isah

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Panicum maximum Jacq. is among the prominent grass species in the grazing lands of the South-western part of Nigeria. An understanding of cutting management to find out the best agronomic practices that will improve the yield and nutritive value of these grass species, especially in the dry season formed the focus of this research work. The objective of the research is therefore to evaluate the effects of cutting height and interval on the dry matter yield (DMY), digestibility and chemical composition of P. maximum in the natural pasture during the dry season.

Pattern Of Hard Seed Breakdown In Some Annual Self-Reseeding Legumes Under Mediterranean Field Conditions, Claudio Porqueddu, Antonello Franca, Rita A. M. Melis, Leonardo Sulas, Giovanni A. Re

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the last decade a new generation of annual pasture legumes was released and introduced in the seed market for the Australian ley systems. In Sardinia (Italy), despite good agronomic performances in the first year, several of these new varieties showed low autumn re-establishment, reducing their competitiveness against native species and depressing any attempt for a long term pasture improvement (Porqueddu et al. 2010). Hardseedness may influence legume persistence. A study on the pattern of hard seed breakdown on some self-reseeding annual pasture legumes was carried out.

Perennial Legume Swards For Organic Farming System In Lithuania, Jonas Šlepetys, Alvyra Slepetiene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The economic and ecological benefits of forage legumes are well known. While perennial legumes can be useful in various aspects (Ledgard 2001), some legumes have short persistence in swards (Frame et al.1998; Vaiciulyte and Bacenas 2008) which is undesirable for organic farms where no mineral nitrogen is applied. Early flowering red clover (Trifolium pratense), which is the most common legume in Lithuania, has high yields only in the first – second years of use. In the third year, it often disappears completely.

In Lithuania, fodder galega (Galega orientalis) is the most long lived legume exhibiting …

Ryegrass Seeding Rate Alters Plant Morphology And Size--Possible Implications For Pasture Persistence, Julia M. Lee, Errol R. Thom, David F. Chapman, Kate T. Wynn, C. Deanne Waugh, Laura Rossi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Poor persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a major dairy industry issue in New Zealand and Australia. New ryegrass seed is often drilled at 18-30 kg/ha, although previous research indicated that pastures drilled at 10-12 kg/ha can be just as productive (Frame and Boyd 1986; Praat et al. 1996). High seeding rates increase competition between developing seedlings for light, water and nutrients, reduce plant size (Harris 1990) and potentially survival.

The experiment reported here investigated the effect of plant density (created by differences in seeding rate) on plant morphology and survival. The hypothesis was that plants …

Trifolium Occidentale: A Valuable Genetic Resource For White Clover Improvement, Syed Wajid Hussain, Warren M. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trifolium occidentale Coombe is a stoloniferous, diploid (2n=2x=16) perennial clover indigenous to Portugal, Spain, France, and the British Isles. It grows in relatively dry coastal habitats, in sand dunes and on shallow pocket of soil (Coombe 1961; Coombe and Morisset 1967). As the species grows naturally in saline, dry habitats, it is potentially a source of drought tolerance genes that could be used for the improvement of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars. Although T. occidentale is reported to be one of the progenitors of white clover (Williams et al. 2012), the 2x forms of T. occidentale cross …

Dry Matter Yield Of Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars Under Mechanical Cutting And Animal Grazing, Patrick A. Cashman, Trevor J. Gilliland, Michael O’Donovan, Marion Beecher, Mary Mcevoy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass evaluation trials are essential to identifying and promoting the most productive cultivars for use at farm level to maximise sward productivity (Grogan and Gilliland 2011). Cultivar testing is predominantly conducted under simulated grazing trials to predict dry matter yield (DMY) performance under animal grazing. Previous studies have shown a high correlation in DMY between these two defoliation methods (Camlin and Stewart 1975; Creighton et al. 2010). In contrast, Binnie and Chestnutt (1991) demonstrated that swards grazed by animals had higher DMY performance than those exposed to simulated grazing managements. Animal pressures such as pulling, treading and nutrient …

Fodder Yield And Quality Of Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) Grown As Pure Stands And In Mixture With Oats (Avena Sativa), Mustard (Brassica Campestris) And Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne) Under Different Cutting Managements, Balwinder Kumar, U. S. Tiwana, Ajaib Singh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Legume-cereal mixtures are important protein and carbohydrate sources for livestock and provide a balanced chemical composition for livestock feeding along with higher green forage yields than the pure stands (Berdahl et al. 2001; Albayrak and Ekiz, 2005). Lucerne is the most important rabi legume crop of Punjab grown under limited irrigation conditions and provides succulent, palatable and nutritious fodder to dairy animals. The fodder yield of first cut of lucerne is very low so it is usually grown in mixture with oats and or mustard. The information on the mixtures of lucerne and suitable cutting times is scant. This …

Hybrid And Perennial Tetraploid Ryegrasses Are At Least As Productive And Persistent As Perennial Diploids In Dryland Conditions In Northern Tasmania, Pedro M. Evans, Eric J. Hall

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne is the preferred grass for fertile conditions and high rainfall areas or those with irrigation. Persistence of ryegrass can become a problem in drier and warmer areas (Fraser 1994). Even in high rainfall areas of south eastern Australia receiving between 550 and 750 mm of annual rainfall, loss of perennial ryegrass within a few years from sowing is a common problem (Waller and Sale 2001).

This work aimed to examine the ability of a range of lines and cultivars of ryegrass to produce and persist under dryland conditions and rotational grazing by sheep in northern Tasmania, …

Tedera: From A Promising Novel Species To A Commercial Pasture Option For Mediterranean Southern Australia, Daniel Real, Chris Oldham, Matthew N. Nelson, Janine Croser, Marie-Claire Castello, Steve Gherardi, John Finlayson, Clinton K. Revell, Aneeta Pradhan, Graham O'Hara, Enrique Correal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata and var. crassiuscula) is a traditional forage species used for centuries in the Canary Islands (Méndez and Fernández 1990), that has increasingly attracted interest from researchers in regions with Mediterranean-type climates from Spain, Italy, Israel, Greece, Portugal, Morocco, Turkey and Australia. In 2000, Australian pasture researchers started a large and systematic screening process that evaluated about 720 species of exotic and native legumes, grasses and herbs for adaptation and productivity in Mediterranean and temperate environments (Real et al. 2011). Tedera was one of the few novel perennial legumes to show potential for …

Genetic Maps Of Diploid Orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerata L.), Wengang Xie, Xinquan Zhang, Linkai Huang, Peng Yan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is indigenous to Eurasia and northern Africa. It has been naturalized on nearly every continent and is one of the top four economically important perennial forage grasses grown worldwide (Stewart and Ellison 2010). It has been used widely as forage due to its quality, biomass production and good shade tolerance. Despite its various agricultural uses, little information is available for functional and comparative genetic analysis and concomitant genetic improvement of this species. To date, a number of linkage maps have been constructed for forage grasses such as perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (Jones et …

Breeding Forage Legumes To Complement Warm Season Perennial Grass Pastures In The Us Southern Region, Gerald R. Smith, F. M. Rouquette Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial warm-season grass pastures, primarily bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L] Pers..)) and bahia grass (Paspalum notatum Flugge)),, cover approximately 12 million hectares in the US southern region (US Census of Agric. 2002). These grasses are used for grazing, hay production or both. Bermuda grass and bahia grass are dormant from late fall until early spring with some variation in total dormancy period depending on seasonal conditions and latitude. Cool-season forage legumes can be over-seeded in the fall before the perennial grasses become dormant, providing winter grazing and nitrogen for the pasture system. The legumes sown in these grasslands are …

Adaptability And Extension Activity Of Dwarf Napiergrass In Southern Kyushu And Elsewhere Since Its Introduction To Japan 15 Years Ago, Yasuyuki Ishii, Dong-Jin Kang, Asuka Yamano, Sachiko Idota, Kiichi Fukuyama

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Southern Kyushu is well suited to the cultivation of tropical grasses due to its warm climate, history of herbage production, and extensive areas of abandoned arable land. In 1996, a C4-tropical dwarf variety of a late-heading (DL) napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) was introduced from the USA into southern Kyushu via Thailand. Since 2004, DL napiergrass has been evaluated for its production potential, overwintering ability, and suitability for grazing. In Miyazaki, napiergrass exhibits superior sustainability, persisting for more than 5 years without annual renovation. The species shows excellent overwintering ability in coastal areas and is resilient to pathogens and insects. …

Ninety Years Of Perennial Forage Grass Breeding For The Canadian Prairie Provinces, Bruce E. Coulman, Paul G. Jefferson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The majority of Canadian beef production takes place in the three prairie provinces of western Canada and seeded pasture and hay land provides a large proportion of the feed for these cattle. This region is characterized by low to moderate rainfall (300-500 mm annually) and extremely cold winters; thus, forage species grown must have high tolerance to cold and drought. Perennial grass breeding for the region began in 1922 and has continued for ninety years in two programs. Major seeded grass species were introduced into Canada from Eurasia. Significant developments from this program include: the development of Fairway crested wheatgrass …

Widening The Adaptation Of White Clover By Incorporation Of Valuable New Traits From Wild Clover Species, Warren M. Williams, Isabelle M. Verry, Syed Wajid Hussain, H. A. Ansari, K. H. Widdup, N. W. Ellison, Shirley N. Nichols

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although white clover (Trifolium repens) is the most widely used legume in grazed pastures of temperate and sub-tropical regions, it is severely restricted in genetic diversity for adaptive traits to low soil fertility and other stress environments, including drought. The objective of this research was to transfer traits for wider adaptation from other clover species by hybridisation. Eight Trifolium species with contrasting adaptations were shown by DNA sequence phylogenetics to be closely related to white clover. Interspecific hybridisation was undertaken among these species using embryo rescue, and an array of partially fertile F1 hybrids was obtained. Population development …

Commercialisation And Impacts Of Pasture Legumes In Southern Australia–Lessons Learnt, Clinton K. Revell, Michael A. Ewing, Daniel Real, Phillip G. H. Nichols, Graeme A. Sandral

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage legumes are a key feature of temperate grasslands in southern Australia, valued for their ability to increase animal production, improve soil fertility and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Of the 36 temperate annual legume and 11 temperate perennial legume species with registered cultivars introduced or domesticated in Australia over the last 100 years, a third have made a major contribution to agriculture, a third have modest use and a third have failed to make any commercial impact. Highly successful species include subterranean clover, barrel medic, white clover, lucerne, French serradella and balansa clover. Species were assessed on the scale of their …

Global Impact Of Sown Temperate Pastures On Productivity And Ecosystem Stability–What Progress Have We Made?, E. Charles Brummer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Twenty years ago, in 1993, we published one of the first two alfalfa genetic linkage maps. At the time, hopes ran high that genetic marker technologies would revolutionize selection, making the development of superior cultivars both easier and faster. The objective of this paper is to critically examine forage improvement since that time and to suggest ways to more fully capitalize on those initial hopes in the future. Marker studies have been conducted around the world, identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the major agronomically important traits, including biomass yield, nutritive value, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and others. But …

Structural Characteristics Of Porto Rico Stargrass (Cynodon Nlemfuensis) Pastures Under Different Frequencies And Severities Of Defoliation, Carlos Augusto Brandão De Carvalho, Sergio Trabali Camargo Filho, Domingos Sávio Campos Paciullo, Pablo Giliard Zanella, Elisa Cristina Modesto, Priscila Beligoli Fernandes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An understanding of the effects of frequency and severity of defoliation on the sward structure of pastures is essential for identifying pasture management strategies that are more efficient in forage usage in tropical environments (Da Silva and Nascimento Jr 2007; Euclides et al. 2010). Some pasture species have not yet been investigated in this way, e.g. cultivars of Cynodon. The potential of this grass in tropical environments suggests that it should be given priority (Pedreira 2010). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of 2 frequencies (90 and 95% light interception) and severities (20 and 30 cm …

Effect Of Grazing Height On Marandu Pasture Production And Performance Of Soybean Grain-Supplemented Nellore Bulls, Andre L. S. Valente, Ricardo A. Reis, Sharadinny M. C. Dos Santos, Fernando H. M. De Souza, Telma T. Berchielli, Ana C. Ruggieri, Sabrina S. Santana, Juliana M. Serra

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Brazilian beef cattle industry is primarily based on the use of pastures. Grasses belonging to the genus Brachiaria are extremely important, regardless of whether the production system used is intensive or extensive.

Appropriate management of the system is vital for obtaining a high efficiency of resource usage. Adjustment of stocking rate to maintain optimum forage allowance and feeding of supplements are strategies for achieving these aims. Feeding of concentrates on pasture can result in increased carrying capacity and higher weight gains over unsupplemented systems.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 different grazing heights …

Establishment Of Leucaena Leucocephala Cv. Tarramba In Eastern Indonesia, Jacob Nulik, H. Dahlanuddin, Debora Kana Hau, Charles Pakereng, Resti G. Edison, Dessy Liubana, S. P. Ara, Hayley E. Giles

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The adaptability and productive value of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba (Tarramba) in eastern Indonesia has been observed since 2001 (Nulik et al. 2004), with many farmers and other stakeholders currently requesting seed for planting. Tarramba has greater forage and timber production, and psyllid tolerance than other commercial cultivars and locally grown leucaena. The variability of soils and climate in eastern Indonesia means that establishment techniques specific to the region are required to achieve maximum adoption and utilisation of Tarramba.

Potential Of Australian Bermudagrasses (Cynodon Spp.) For Pasture In Subtropical Australia, Andrew Hacker, Meena Puachuay, H. Max Shelton, Scott A. Dalzell, Haider Al Dabbagh, Margaret Jewell, Thinh Van Tran, The Ngo, Yi Zhou, Michael J. Halliday, Hayley E. Giles, Don S. Loch, Ian D. Godwin, Fukai Shu, Chris O’Brien, Will Pearce, William F. Anderson, Christopher J. Lambrides

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Australia, little work has been carried out on the improvement of tropical or subtropical pastures in recent years. There seems to be an increasing demand for pastures that can withstand heavy grazing, while producing high yields of high quality forage in the humid subtropical regions of Australia. Most graziers, who live in these areas, have small acreages, which they graze intensively. Cynodon spp. represent a potential source of grasses with these attributes. This study will evaluate the pasture potential of a large number of bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) ecotypes collected from across Australia.