Plant Pathology Commons^™

Characterizing Feeds And Feed Availability In Sud-Kivu Province, Dr Congo, Samy B. Bacigale, Birthe K. Paul, Fabrice L. Muhimuzi, Neville Mapenzi, Michael Peters, Brigitte L. Maass

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal husbandry in the Sud-Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is gradually moving towards stall feeding, due to demographic pressure (Battistin et al. 2009) and scarcity of collectable forages (DSRP-RDC 2005). Therefore, feed is considered one of the main constraints faced by livestock production, especially in the dry season (Katunga et al. 2009; Maass et al. 2012). Unaffordable, fluctuating prices and inaccessibility of feed concentrates and the lack of improved forages adapted to marginal conditions, making them non-competitive with food crops, further exacerbate the livestock feeding situation. This study within the African Food …

The Effect Of Leucaena Leucocephala On Beef Production And Toxicity In The Chaco Region Of Argentina, Alejandro Radrizzani, José A. Nasca

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hedgerows of the fodder tree legume, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit ssp. glabrata (Rose Zárate) (leucaena), planted with companion grass, provide productive, profitable and sustainable tropical pasture (Shelton and Dalzell 2007). Although leucaena can improve beef production from tropical pastures, poor grower adoption has limited development of leucaena in the Chaco Region of Argentina. This can be partly attributed to: (1) unsuccessful establishment; (2) limited understanding of leucaena management as a forage resource; and (3) concerns about mimosine toxicity. These 3 limitations have been overcome in other regions of the world (e.g. northern Australia and the Chaco Region of …

Establishment And Growth Of Legumes On Uncultivatable Hill Country In East Coast New Zealand, Trevor L. Knight, Tom J. Fraser, Paul D. Muir, Chikako Van Koten

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Steep, non-arable hill country is a significant feature of New Zealand farming (Sheath 2011) and large tracts of it have been improved by over-sowing grass and assorted clover species, particularly white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Numerous other legume species are available in New Zealand from similar environments overseas that may be more productive on some steep hill country. Plant breeders in New Zealand have also produced inter-specific hybrids (Williams et al. 2010) with potentially useful attributes. As part of a large project to increase pasture production on non-arable hills, a range of legume species were established at 2 …

Evaluation Of Limpograss (Hemarthria Altissima) Breeding Lines Under Different Grazing Managements, Marcelo O. Wallau, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Kenneth H. Quesenberry, João M. B. Vendramini, M. K. Mullenix

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Limpograss (Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf et C.E. Hubb.) is a stoloniferous, warm-season perennial grass from South Africa. It is frequently used to extend the grazing season in poorly drained soils of subtropical regions (Quesenberry et al. 2004). The cold tolerance of limpograss allows it to grow at temperatures below which other commonly used warm-season grasses (e.g. bermudagrass) remain productive. Use of limpograss has helped to reduce forage shortfall during winter, therefore, reducing feeding costs. In the past 30 years, the area planted to limpograss in Florida, USA has grown faster than that of any other forage grass species. …

Vertical Distribution Of Leaves And Stems On The Sward And Forage Intake By Lambs In Tifton-85 Pasture, Alda L. G. Monteiro, Cláudio J. A. Da Silva, Marina G. B. Da Silva, Sergio R. Fernandes, César H. E. C. Poli, Nelson T. Santos Jr., Thiago Augusto Cruz, Carolina Dalagassa Dos Santos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sward characteristics affect the performance of grazing livestock, especially for the youngest animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the vertical distribution of leaves and stems on the sward and the forage intake parameters of lambs in four sheep meat production systems grazing a Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) cv. Tifton-85 pasture.

Adaptability And Stability Of Productive Characteristics On The Selection Of Pennisetum Purpureum Schum. Clones Grazed By Sheep, Alexandre C. L. De Mello, Bruno L. Viana, Mário De A. Lira, Adriana Guim, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., Mércia V. F. Dos Santos, Márcio V. Da Cunha, Sílvio H. Lino Dias

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is one of the most widely used forages in Brazil, due to its high potential productivity, forage quality, palatability, vigour and persistence. Dwarf types of elephant grass are the object of selection programs for their higher leaf/stem ratio and lower grazing height, resulting in more efficient pasture management. They have high potential for ruminant production (Almeida et al. 2000), but have markedly different morphological and productive characteristics (Cunha et al. 2011) to tall varieties of the same species.

Adaptability and stability analyses are selection tools which allow identification of plant responses to …

Recent Development Of Pasture Plants In Queensland, Kendrick G. Cox

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

No abstract provided.

Legumes--A High Quality Protein Source In Latvian Animal Feeds, Baiba Osmane, Imants Jansons, Aleksandrs Jemeljanovs, Sallija Cerina, Liga Proskina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Farms in Latvia have an insufficient amount of protein in a feed for herbivorous animals. To tackle this issue, plants containing high protein content should be cultivated in grass mixtures. Legumes are rich in protein and play an important role on farms with dairy livestock. It is advisable to have at least 30-50% of legumes in mixtures with grass for grazing animals and to conserve fodder for the winter period, which lasts from November to May. As well as being rich in protein, legumes have a high dry matter digestibility (TDN) and high energy content (NEL). While legumes during the …

Approaches Toward Sustainable Forage-Livestock Systems: Strip-Planting A Legume Into A Warm-Season Perennial Grass Pasture, Miguel S. Castillo, Lynn E. Sollenberger, Ann R. Blount, Jason A. Ferrell, Mary J. Williams, Cheryl L. Mackowiak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Despite the demonstrated potential of rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; RP) for grazing in the southeastern USA (Ortega-S. et al. 1992), high establishment cost and removal of land from production during establishment have limited its use to primarily hay production systems. The premise of this experiment is that strip-planting RP in existing bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) pastures offers the opportunity to use grass forage during the legume establishment phase so that land need not be totally removed from grazing, while allowing successful establishment of the legume.

Meat And Milk Production On Irrigated Birdsfoot Trefoil Pastures In The Mountain West Usa, Jennifer W. Macadam, Sara R. Hunt, Silvana Martini, Rachael Christensen, Jong-Su Eun

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Irrigated birdsfoot trefoil (BFT; Lotus corniculatus L.) is a productive, persistent perennial legume in the Mountain West region of the United States of America (USA) (MacAdam and Griggs 2006). It does not cause bloat, even when grazed in pure stands, because it contains a relatively small amount (2-4% of dry matter (DM)) of condensed tannins (Mueller-Harvey 2006; Waghorn 2008). Birdsfoot trefoil tannins bind excess plant proteins at rumen pH (~ pH 6.2) sufficiently to prevent bloat and then release these proteins into the abomasum at gastric pH (~ pH 2.5). This allows plant proteins to be digested to amino acids …

A Comparison Between Simulated Grazing, 2-Cut And 3-Cut Silage Management On The Performance Of Lolium Perenne L., Mary Mcevoy, Emer Kennedy, Michael O’Donovan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Internationally, the majority of grass cultivar evaluation protocols test the performance of cultivars under cutting managements with little or no exposure to animal stresses such as treading and plant pulling. In addition, the majority of these protocols test cultivars under 2 or 3 cut silage systems. Gilliland and Mann (2000) reported a difference in cultivar ranking between years and also between management systems when a severe (simulated grazing to 3 cm height) or lax (6 cm height) defoliation was applied to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars in plot trials. Internationally, many evaluation protocols use only one management system …

Native Shrubs For Grazing In The Dry, Semi-Arid Sand Dunes Of The Mallee Region Of Victoria, Australia, Dave Monks

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Native shrubs have potential for growth and grazing in dry areas where alternative perennial pasture options are limited. Deep-rooted perennials have also been shown to reduce groundwater recharge and salinity to improve ecological stability. A forage shrub evaluation experiment was established at the Walpeup Research Station in the Mallee region of Victoria, Australia to compare the performance of a range of native species. The work was conducted as part of the Enrich project with the Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre.

Influence Of Grazing Exclusion On Vegetation And Productivity Of Kyrgyz Pastures, N. V. Kilyazova, М. I. Аdenov, К. A. Samsaliev, А. Каrybekov, B. Jeangros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of grazing exclusion on the vegetation and productivity of: (1) pastures near villages that are grazed intensively through-out the year; and (2) pastures, which are used in summer and are less intensively grazed through the remainder of the year. The potential of degraded pastures to recover, when protected from overgrazing, was also evaluated. Six pastures (3 located in or near villages and 3 used for summer grazing) were selected with local community representatives in 3 pilot regions of Kyrgyzstan (the Lahol and Теrеk regions of Naryn oblast and the Оrgochor …

Establishment Techniques To Increase The Production Of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Over-Sown Into An Irrigated Kikuyu (Pennisetum Clandestinum) Pasture, Joseph C. Fitzgerald, Mark N. Callow

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Irrigated mixed pastures of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) over-sown with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in the cool-season (May-October) can produce large amounts of biomass in a sub-tropical environment (Botha et al. 2008). However, appropriate pasture management practices are required to suppress the aggressive growth of kikuyu prior to autumn, in order to facilitate establishment of ryegrass seedlings.

The present study evaluated ryegrass establishment techniques on the dry matter (DM) production, botanical composition and forage quality of a mixed sward containing kikuyu.

Management Strategies To Increase Festulolium Productivity And Persistence, Gerónimo Cardozo, Walter Ayala, Ethel Barrios

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A biennial hybrid of Lolium multiflorum x Festuca pratensis (Festulolium INIA Merlin) was released by the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Uruguay (INIA) in 2008. INIA Merlin is a tetraploid cultivar with a long growing season, semi-prostrate habit and high herbage quality (García 2003). These characteristics make it potentially useful to include Festulolium in short and intensive pasture-crop rotation systems. Grazing management can be used to modify growth, sward structure and persistence, and is known to be critical during the second year of production for stability and sustainability of farming systems that include this type of species. The objective …

Trifolium Vesiculosum: Exploring Its Potential In The Uruguay Lowlands Rice Region, Walter Ayala, Ethel Barrios, Gerónimo Cardozo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trifolium vesiculosum, commonly known as arrowleaf clover, is a winter-growing annual legume native to Europe (Duke, 1981), with high persistence and low risk of bloat. Several reports show a wide annual production range between 1.9 and 9.8 t DM/ha/year (Gomes and Reis 1999; Evans and Mills 2008). It shows a high nutritional value (Tekeli et al. 2005) that declines with increasing maturity. Grazing management should consider the need for seed production to ensure natural re-seeding in subsequent years. Recently, INIA Uruguay released the T. vesiculosum cultivar Sagit (Glencoe EC1), characterized by intermediate growth habit and flowering period.

The …

Endophyte Status In Summer-Dormant Tall Fescue In The Southern Great Plains Of Usa, Carolyn A. Young, Dariusz P. Malinowski, Michael A. Trammell, Sindy M. Interrante, Twain J. Butler

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Non-toxic fungal endophytes provide persistence-related benefits to summer-active, continental-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), as well as reduced animal toxicosis compared to toxic endophytes. However, the benefits of fungal endophytes to summer-dormant, Mediterranean-type tall fescue persistence or production are unclear. Summer-dormant tall fescue has potential to replace traditional, annual small grain graze-out systems in the Southern Great Plains region of the USA. This region is characterized by severe water deficits accompanied by extreme heat in summer, and by relatively mild, rainy winters (Malinowski et al. 2009). Summer-active tall fescues are better suited to high rainfall areas (> 900 …

The Functionality Of Legume-Grass Swards In A Long-Term Pasture: Productivity And Stability, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, Lina Šarūnaitė, Leonas Kadžiulis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Combinations of various plant species or functional groups can enhance sward structure, the function and stability of an ecosystem, supplement forage production and mitigate negative environmental impacts. Climatic variation, rising temperatures, changing precipitation and other extreme climatic events may lead to changes in plant diversity (Soussana and Lüscher 2007). At the same time it is very important to optimise functional diversity by combining species with different properties that are well adapted to the local environments (Huyghe et al. 2012). Successful selection and management of legumes influences the herbage production, nutritional quality and sustainability of grazing systems. Therefore, their role …

Mixed Species Seeding: A Means To Increase Production In Temperate Pastures, Michael P. Schellenberg, Bili Biligetu, Valentin Picasso

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seeding mixed species for forage production has been suggested as a means of increasing productivity and stabilizing yields under a changing climate. Forages have traditionally been sown as monocultures or binary mixtures only, with the emphasis being on species and not necessarily their function or compatibility. While natural plant communities typically may be dominated by a single species, they are comprised of several species and function-al groups.

This paper provides the results of sowing multiple species at semiarid sites within the North American Great Plains and identifies a similar result from a more humid region reported within the literature.

Experimental Trials And Simulation Modelling Indicate That Summer-Growing Perennial Grasses Are A Potential New Feed Source In The Mallee Region Of Southern Australia, Katrien Descheemaeker, Rick Llewellyn, Andrew D. Moore, Anthony Whitbread

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Mallee region of southern Australia, the dry and variable climate results in frequent summer-autumn feed gaps, restricting the profitability of farms that combine livestock and crop enterprises. To assess the suitability of summer-growing perennial grasses to fill these feed gaps, 2 replicated field trials with different cultivars were conducted. The data also served to validate a C4 grass model, which was then used in a simulation experiment comparing 2 different soil types and 3 locations. Most grass cultivars established well except on sandy, non-wetting soils. Four out of 5 cultivars persisted over 6 years, producing 1000 – 9000 …