Plant Pathology Commons^™

Potensi Jamur Rizosfer Bawang Merah Dalam Menekan Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp. Cepae, Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Umbi Bawang Merah, Satriyo Restu Adhi, Tarkus Suganda

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penyakit busuk umbi yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepae (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada bawang merah. Pengendalian penyakit busuk umbi yang ramah lingkungan adalah dengan menggunakan pengendalian biologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan isolat jamur asal rizosfer tanaman bawang merah yang memiliki sifat antagonis terhadap Foc. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, pada bulan November 2017 hingga Januari 2018. Tahapan penelitian ini terdiri atas: (1) isolasi dari tanah rizosfer pertanaman bawang merah asal Desa Pelayangan Kabupaten Cirebon, (2) uji antagonisme secara in-vitro dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap …

Piptatherum Miliaceum (L.) Coss: A Mediterranean Native Perennial Grass With Potential Use For Bioenergy, Claudio Porqueddu, Antonello Franca, Federico Sanna, Giovanni A. Re, Rita A. M. Melis, Leonardo Sulas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Mediterranean regions, the development of a bioenergy sector is restricted by the scarce availability of species and varieties suitable to cultivation in rainfed environments, where summer drought affects plant survival (Scordia et al., 2014). Native perennial grasses that survive summer drought in a dormant or semi-dormant state may represent potential bioenergy crops. Nevertheless, the native germplasm of Mediterranean perennial grasses is unexplored for bioenergy production, except for giant reed, and little investigated also for other uses, as forage production. Smilo grass (Piptatherum miliaceum (L.) Coss) is a native species growing in marginal environments and it is palatable …

Management Of Rangelands And Forests For Sustainable Mithun Farming By Chakhesang Tribe Of Nagaland, Raj K. Singh, Prakash R. Dutta, Vidya Singh, Akhilesh Kumar, D. Apole Theluo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mithun (Bos frontalis) belonging to the family Bovidae is a unique bovine mainly found in the North-Eastern hilly region of India and neighbouring countries (Dhali et al., 2009). The animal has an important place in the socio-economic life of the tribal communities and primarily reared as sacrificial animal during religio-cultural ceremonies. Feeding habits of Mithun differs from their domestic counterparts cattle; like they prefer browsing as compared to the grazing behaviour of the later. Mithun forage on forest grasses, shrubs and tree leaves available in the jungle and they nibble them like goats (Gupta et al., 1996). …

Institutional And Technological Options For Sustainable Intensification Of Community Based Silvi-Pasture Systems In Arid Eco-Regions Of South Asia, Shalander Kumar, Ramilan Thiagarajah, Anthony Whitbread

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In arid eco-region of Rajasthan, India, common pool resources (CPRs) like common pastures and village water bodies provide ecosystem services such as fodder, fuel, timber, water and medicinal plants which are crucial for the livelihoods in particular of the poor. In western Rajasthan livestock keeping is the most important and resilient component of the agricultural systems which strongly depends on common pastures. However, the grazing areas have become severely degraded making the rural poor more vulnerable. A number of efforts have been made to improve the management of and rehabilitate the community pastures (Conroy and Lobo, 2002). The success of …

Valuation Of Forage Production Function Of Rangeland Ecosystems In North Of Iran–East Alborz Mountains, Shafagh Rastgar, Seyed Mojtaba Mojaverian

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangeland ecosystem has 11-17 goods and services that most of them are public and non‐market in nature; meaning they are non‐rival and non‐exclusive and are typically not sold in a traditional; such as climate regulation, soil conservation, biodiversity, etc. (Croitoru, 2007; Wu et al., 2010). Forage is the main product of rangelands. According to the heterogeneity of range forages in terms of economic and lacking organized market for transaction, despite of imagine of ecological economists, it's a public good. So, determining its economic value as one of the main important nonmonetary functions of rangelands ecosystems can help managers to …

Operator Bias And The Effect Of Training On Visual Assessments Of Pasture Yield For Forage Budgets In Northern Australian Savanna, Nicole B. Spiegel, Peter O'Reagin, Angela Anderson, Megan R. Willis

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sustainable management of Australia’s extensive northern grazing lands is challenging given its highly variable interannual rainfall and pasture production. Accordingly, a key management recommendation is to adjust stocking rates to match forage supply (O’Reagain et al., 2014). ‘Stocktake’ is a forage budgeting system (Aisthorpe et al., 2004) widely used and promoted to assist graziers make short-term (< 1 year) adjustments of stocking rate. Budgets are typically calculated at the start of the dry season, to ensure sufficient forage for stock and ground cover levels until the first rains some six to nine months later. The software application ‘Future Beef Stocktake Plus’ has also been developed for use on smart devices (http://www.stocktakeplus.com.au/).

A key requirement for forage budgets is an accurate estimate of pasture mass. This is typically done visually with the aid of photo standards of pasture mass, providing a simple, efficient and non-destructive approach. Other key variables of forage budgeting include …

Economics Of Camel Rearing On Grasslands In Gujarat, Khem Chand, B. L. Jangid, Subhash Kachhawa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Camel in India is primarily reared for carting/draft, agricultural operation, transportation in addition to the secondary utility of milk and hair production (Saini et al 2006). The One humped or Dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is an important livestock species uniquely adapted to hot and arid environments (Schwartz, 1992). It is important livestock specie contributing significantly in rural economy and livelihood of desert dwellers in Kachchh region of Gujarat. It still plays a very distinctive role in various agricultural operations and rural transportation in dry land farming (Rajput and Tripathi, 2005). The Kachchh region of Gujarat has large camel …

Economics Of Bn Hybrid Grass Production Bundelkhand Region Of India: A Case Study, Satendra Kumar, Ravi Pratap Singh, Rajiv K. Agrawal, J. B. Singh, M. M. Das, Sunil Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Napier grass is also called as Elephant Grass due to its tallness and vigorous vegetative growth. The plants tiller freely and a single clump may produce more than 60 tillers under favorable climatic and soil conditions. Unfortunately, the grass coarse-textured, the leaf blade sheaths as well as sharply serrated, leaf margins. Therefore, cross was made between Bajra which is more succulent, leafy, fine-textured, palatable, fast growing and drought resistant and Napier to combine these qualities with its high yielding potential. The outcome Hybrid Napier is a perennial grass which can be retained on field for 2-3 years. Hybrid napier grass …

Economic Review Of Pasture Development Options For North Australian Beef Enterprises, Neil D. Macleod, Dianne Mayberry, Lindsay Bell, Ian Watson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Beef cattle grazing (~14 million head) native pastures is the dominant economic use of northern grazing lands (2.3 million km2). Few enterprises make positive economic returns in most years or achieve the necessary productivity gains (~2% per annum) to offset an ongoing cost-price squeeze (McCosker et al., 2010). A significant contributor to poor performance is low reproductive performance, management of first calving heifers, calf growth and weaning rates and liveweight gain - linked to nutrition and the low quality of pastures. Pasture development technologies (Gramshaw and Walker, 1988) are available but uptake has been poor. Three pasture development options …

Biomass Of Grasses And Other Herbaceous Plants For Bioenergy Use, Žydrė Kadžiulienė, Lina Šarūnaitė, Vita Tilvikienė, Jonas Šlepetys, Zenonas Dabkevičius

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Biomass supply for different uses, especially for bioenergy production, is becoming increasingly important. Independently of the purposes of biomass use, high yields per unit area and best possible quality need to be achieved. As a result, the selection of appropriate plant species is an important aspect. Cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) were investigated on a light loam (Cambisol) with a view to assessing the impact of nitrogen (N) and harvest time on biomass yield used for biogas. The biomass yield was influenced by cutting …

Fairness And Efficiency: A Challenge For Payment For Environmental Services In Asia, Beria Leimona

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Payment for environmental service (PES) is commonly defined as a market-based environmental policy instrument to efficiently achieve environmental protection. However, an increasing body of literature shows that the prescriptive conceptualization of PES cannot be easily generalized and implemented in practice and the commoditization of ecosystem services is problematic and may be unfair. To investigate the underlying causes, this study combined a quantitative and qualitative research approach using case studies in Indonesia, the Philippines and Nepal. The empirical observations on emerging PES-mechanisms in the Asian case studies show that interdependency of fairness and efficiency should be the main consideration in designing …

Identifying Priority Areas For Ecosystem Services Management In South Africa, Benis Egoh, Belinda Reyers, Mathieu Rouget, Patrick O’Farrel, David Le Maitre, Richard Cowling

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies have highlighted the importance of managing ecosystem services to stop further degradation and transformation, yet very few studies have endeavored to identify priorities. The identification of priority areas for ecosystem services remains the least of objective for all studies that have mapped ecosystem services. Steps for identifying priority areas for management of ecosystem services include identifying features that supply ecosystem services, threats to service provision, potential actions to ensure future supply of service and cost of these actions as well as the availability of alternative means of providing benefits supplied by the service, the capacity to meet human demands …

Quantifying The Economic Value Of Evidence-Based Animal Selection On The Inner Mongolian Desert Steppe, Taro Takahashi, Zhiguo Li, Zhongwu Wang, Guodong Han, Karl Behrendt, David R. Kemp

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Inner Mongolian desert steppe in northwestern China suffers from significant grassland degradation, causing a decrease in producers' income as well as negative off-site impacts (Kemp et al., 2013). Recent studies attribute this problem to a sudden increase in the stocking rate over the last half century, and thus development of an alternative farming system to reduce the animal number is urgently needed (Wang et al., 2011). Scientific experiments and modelling analyses have shown the potential of innovative systems that could deliver a "win-win" solution to local producers and environment (Li et al., 2015). However, the uptake of …

Payments For Ecosystem Services Based The Cost Of Soil Conservation Function Of Range Plants Vegetation In North Of Iran-Lar Dam, Shafagh Rastgar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands provide a variety of non-monetary goods and services essential to human survival and well-being such as regulate climate and water, generate cultural benefits such as recreation, create habitat for biodiversity and soil conservation. Perhaps the most important problem our society currently faces is how to allocate ecosystem structure between conversion to economic production and conservation to provide ecosystem services, both of which are essential to our well-being and also has an important role in economic interaction between suppliers and users as PES.The “payment for ecosystem services” (PES) is one of economic instruments which have been widely used throughout the …

Sustaining Productivity In Aonla Based Hortipasture System Through In-Situ Soil Moisture Conservation In Semi-Arid Region Of India, Sunil Kumar, Ramesh Singh, A. K. Shukla

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Globally land degradation affects about one sixth of the world population. In India, about 120 m ha area is affected with different kinds of land degradation. Under such situation, horti-pasture system provides best and economic alternative in conjunction with in-situ soil moisture conservation in general and semi-arid tropics in particular. India supports 55% buffaloes, 16% cattle, 20 % goats and about 4% sheep with deficit of 35% green fodder (525.51 mt), 10% dry fodder (453.28 mt) and 44% feed (28.4 mt) (IGFRI Vision, 2050). The per capita/day availability of fruits is 85 g as compared to average requirement of 120 …

Successional Pattern Of Fungi Associated With Leaf Litter Of Bauhinia Malabarica Based Silvipasture System In Semiarid Region, Harsh Vardhan Singh, Ritu Mawar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil fungi are critical components of microbial communities in terrestrial ecosystems, where they play essential roles in many aspects of ecosystem development, functioning and stability. Leaf litter fungal decomposers, in particular, play an important biotic role in recycling ecosystem nutrients (Schneider et al., 2012).The extreme conditions due to changing climate of any ecosystems restrict primary producers to form symbiotic relationships that aid their establishment and survival (Khidir et al., 2010). Root exudates are known to attract and maintain symbiotic fungal communities that form mutualistic associations with plant roots and colonize surrounding soil. Studies suggested a strong correlation between …

Economic Trade-Offs Of Novel Forage Use In Livestock Production Systems: Insights From Australia, Marta Monjardino, Neil D. Macleod, Dean K. Revell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Globally, livestock are a major component of agricultural systems and natural resource management, as well as an important contributor to nutrition and livelihoods, but are often undervalued (Herrero et al., 2009). In Australia, livestock production systems occupy half of the available land and contribute to ~50% of gross agricultural production. The main livestock systems are beef cattle grazing at low intensity in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern and central Australia; and sheep flocks integrated in crop-livestock systems in the temperate zone of southern Australia (Bell et al., 2014). Despite increased physical productivity (changes in outputs relative …

Tall Fescue: Forage And Seed Production Economics, M. Anowarul Islam

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Irrigated grass pastures are essential components of western U.S. agriculture, especially on cattle ranches of the intermountain region. Unfortunately, the yield and quality of these grasslands are relatively low compared to the national average because of current management practices (Jacobs et al., 1993). Attempts have been made to increase forage yields of these pastures by fertilization and applying or controlling irrigations but these efforts have resulted in minimum success (Jacobs et al., 1993). The price increase of fertilizer, energy, and fuel has made improvement of these natural grasslands more difficult and thus threatens the profitability and sustainability of …

Profitability Of Early Weaning Of Beef Cows At Northern Sonora, Mexico: A Rancher Experience, Salomón M. Moreno, Fernando Ibarra-Flores, Martha Martin Rivera, Maria Del Socorro Antunez Navarro, Rafael Retes Lopez, Jesus Fimbres Preciado, Agustín Cabral Martell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Amount and distribution of precipitation is normally inadequate and uncertain in arid and semiarid Sonoran Desert rangelands. Low precipitation reduces forage quality and quantity and it can negatively influence livestock yield reducing milk production and calf gains. Early removal of the calf from its dam reduces forage needs of the cow-calf enterprise and has been found to improve body weight gain and pregnancy rates in the cow herd (Mulliniks et al., 2013). Additionally, weaning calves early can result in improved animal performance by increasing pregnancy rates, cow body condition scores and increased steer carcass quality while reducing forage needs …

Innovative Technologies For Enhanced Availability Of Bajra-Napier Hybrid Rooted Slips, D. R. Malaviya, D. Vijay, Chandan Kumar Gupta

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock occupies a crucial position in Indian agriculture and directly contributing 4.1% of total GDP of the country. India, with 2.29% of the world land area, is maintaining about 10.71% of the world’s livestock population. To sustain the present milk growth rate of 4.04% and for further expansion to meet the demands of ever growing human population, livestock needs sustainable supply of feed material. The area under fodder cultivation is estimated to be about 4% of the gross cropped area which remained static for the last four decades.The traditional grazing lands are gradually diminishing because of urbanization, expansion of cultivable …