Survival And Fecundity Of Spittlebugs On Different Grasses,
2025
EMBRAPA
Survival And Fecundity Of Spittlebugs On Different Grasses, S S. Nilakhe, G O. Paschoal, Y Savidan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Survival and development of nymphs, and survival and fecundity of spittlebug adults [Zulia entreriana (Berg.)] reared on different grasses were studied by caging the insects on potted grass plants in screenhouse. Overall, fewer nymphs reached adulthood when reared on Andropogon gayanus cv. CIAT621, Brachiaria decumbens cv. IRI700, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria mutica, Chloris gayana, Panicum maximum cv. Coloniiio, Paspalum guenoarum and Paspalum plicatulum than on Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria humidicola, Cenchrus ciliaris and P. maximum cv. K187B. Of the 240 nymphs used for P. guenoarum and P. plicatulum, none reached adulthood. Spittlebug adults reared on A. …
Endophyte Fungus Increases Persistence Through Improved Pest Control,
2025
Ruakura Soil & Plant Research Station
Endophyte Fungus Increases Persistence Through Improved Pest Control, R A. Prestidge, G M. Barker, R P. Pottinger, K W. Steele
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Our objectives were to determine (1) the feeding and oviposition behaviour of Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis Kuschel feeding on ryegrass infected with Acremonium endophyte, and (2) to survey pastures to relate ryegrass content, Argentine stem weevil populations and larval damage to the incidence of Acremonium endophyte in pastures of known age. In preference tests, adult stem weevil fed more extensively and deposited more eggs on endophyte-free ryegrasses. Ryegrass content in surveyed pastures in the central North Island of New Zealand averaged only 35% of the sward after 2-3 years. The majority of rye grass plants were infected with Acremonium …
Preliminary Experiments For Biological Control Of Snow Mold Caused By Typhula Incarnata And T. Ishikariensis,
2025
Hokkaido University
Preliminary Experiments For Biological Control Of Snow Mold Caused By Typhula Incarnata And T. Ishikariensis, N Matsumoto, A Tajimi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Preliminary experiments for biological control of snow mold were made because the disease is the most serious problem in growing forage crops in snowy areas. Several low temperature saprophytes were collected to examine their antagonistic ability against snow mold pathogens. They were antagonistic in culture but generally failed to suppress the disease. However, there was a promising saprophyte. A prospect of biological control is discussed.
Antifungal Activity Of Systemic Fungicides On Mycelial Growth Of Epichloe Typhina And Their Therapeutic Effects On The Choke Disease Of Timothy,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
Antifungal Activity Of Systemic Fungicides On Mycelial Growth Of Epichloe Typhina And Their Therapeutic Effects On The Choke Disease Of Timothy, T Shimanuki, T Sato
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The choke,a systemic disease, is a serious obstacle in the breeding and seed production of timothy in Japan, since the disease often prevents plant from normal heading. In this study, our goal was to cure the infected plants by systemic fungicide treatment. Among 15 chemicals tested, Bitertanol (Baycor) was most effective against the causal fungus, Epichloe typhina, in vitro tests, being completely fungicidal at 10 ppm. Triforine (Saprol) was effective being partially fungicidal at 10 ppm and completely fungicidal at 100 ppm. Benomyl, captafol+captan, chlorothalonil and triadimenol were fungistatic at 100 ppm and fungicidal at 1,000 ppm. In greenhouse test, …
Laboratory Production Of The Sexual Stage Of Sclerotinia Trifoliorum, The Winter Crown-Rot Agent Of Red Clover Consequences For Improving Control Methods, G Raynal, J Picard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The production of large quantities of ascospores of Sclerotinia trifoliorum is possible in the laboratory. The sclerotia of the fungus are obtained on autoclaved potato slices after 1 month growth at 20°C, in the darkness. After that time, sclerotia are placed during 1 month at 30°C in order to remove their dormancy, then slightly hurried in humid vermiculite at 15°C, under fluorescent light. The first apothecia appear 1 month later, the production lasts for 2 months. The average yield is 2 x 103 to 4 x 103 apothecia for 104 sclerotia. Every apothecium produces an average of 3 x 104 …
The Ecology And Control Of Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses In Pasture Grasses,
2025
Hobart Tasmania
The Ecology And Control Of Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses In Pasture Grasses, P L. Guy, G R. Johnstone
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) infection is common in pasture grasses in temperate regions of the world. It directly reduces the growth of pasture grasses and may predispose them to attack by fungal pathogens. Measures which successfully control BYD in cereals may, with certain reservations, be useful to control the disease in pasture grasses. These include breeding cultivars which are either resistant or tolerant and various strategies to control the aphid vectors.
Preliminary Report On The Occurrence Of The Root And Stalk Rot Of Corn Caused By Pythium Gramincola Subrm. In Japan,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
Preliminary Report On The Occurrence Of The Root And Stalk Rot Of Corn Caused By Pythium Gramincola Subrm. In Japan, T Sato, T Shimanuki, T Tsukiboshi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the early 1980s, a new stalk rot of corn occurred in Kanto, Japan. The diseased plants drooped first, then wilted within a few days. The disease appeared mostly on plants at the dent stage in late summer and fall. The stalks of the affected plants looked apparently healthy, but softened in some intern odes just above the ground. Longitudinal section of this portion showed a soft rot of inner tissues; pith was first water-soaked and abundant in oogonia and inflated mycelia, then turned brown and disintegrated, leaving the vascular strands intact. Prior to the stalk rot, severe root rot …
Establishment And Productivity Of Perennial Ryegrass Improved By Control Of Fungi Pathogenic To Seedlings, R E. Falloon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results of investigations into effects of fungicide seed treatments on establishment, productivity and seedling disease of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) are reviewed. Seedling establishment from seed treated with protectant fungicides was increased compared with that from untreated seed. Seed treatment improved plant and sward productivity during the first year after establishment. Species of Fusarium and Pythium were virulent pathogens of young seedlings. Use of fungicide seed treatments as part of general pasture establishment practice is strongly recommended.
Recent Advances In The Understanding Of Anthracnose Of Stylosanthes In Tropical America,
2025
CIAT
Recent Advances In The Understanding Of Anthracnose Of Stylosanthes In Tropical America, Jillian M. Lenne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recent advances in the understanding of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), the most damaging disease of Stylosanthes spp., are described with reference to the tropical American lowlands. During the past seven years, anthracnose evaluations of promising Stylosanthes spp., at major screening and RIEPT sites throughout the tropical American lowlands have revealed that although anthracnose is present at all sites, its severity varies among species and across ecosystems. From 1978 to 1981, field screening of S. capitata in Colombia and Brazil, found 94.2% of accessions resistant to anthracnose in Colombia while 85.1 % were susceptible in Brazil. These findings together with …
Anthracnose On Native Florida Stylosanthes,
2025
University of Florida
Anthracnose On Native Florida Stylosanthes, J B. Brolmann, R M. Sonoda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The current status of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. on Stylosanthes spp. in Florida is discussed. The pathogen was probably imported since it was not found on native stands of Stylosanthes in Florida. The reaction of Florida Stylosanthes to C. gloeosporioides, now present in Florida, ranges from resistant to moderately affected. Some accessions of native Florida S. hamata (L.) Taub., unaffected by the disease, have potential for forage use.
Research On The Grassland Ecosystem In Inner Mongolia Of China And The Strategy Of Utilization,
2025
Academia Sinica
Research On The Grassland Ecosystem In Inner Mongolia Of China And The Strategy Of Utilization, Shu Jiang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The strategy on grassland utilization based on regional vegetation investigation and longterm ecosystem research in the middle part of Innermongolia is described. Although there are some potential capacity for increasing livestock number by the estimation of the primary productivity measurement and some investigation data, but practically, the pasture in some places has been degraded even desertified caused by unreasonable utilization of overgrazing and agricultural cultivations. Therefore on the strategy, to transform the structure both of pastoral and rural area in lnnermongolia would be necessary, i.e. to introduce some means of plantation for artificial range establishing at some limited azonal places. …
A Microbial And Biochemical Study Of Grassland Under The Different Fertilization Practices,
2025
Tenpoku Agricultural Experiment Station
A Microbial And Biochemical Study Of Grassland Under The Different Fertilization Practices, S Higashida, A Nishimune
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The understanding of nutrient transformation in soil must be based on a knowledge of soil microbial activities. In order to clarify the relationship between fertilization and microbial activity, some microbial and biochemical characteristics were studied in some soils collected from the grassland under different fertilization practices, which caused marked changes in the uppermost part of grassland soil. The experimental plot was located in the northern part of Hokkaido, and the characteristics examined included bacterial and fungal numbers obtained by the plate methods, hyphal length, and the decomposing activities of urea, fructose, glucose, starch and protein. Simple correlation analysis indicated that …
The Changes Of Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In An Establishing Sward,
2025
Hokkaido University
The Changes Of Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In An Establishing Sward, H Sawada, T Takahashi, Ch Tsuda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To study the changes of population structure in.an establishing sward of timothy, we carried out the field experiment, and the demography and the spatial distribution of timothy plants for about a half year. Plants decreased at expotential rate and the cohort of seedlings emerging until July was dominant at the last recording date. The frequency distribution of individual tiller number shifted to more right-skewed as plants grew. Large plants were liable to survive to the succeeding recording dates, and there were positive correlated relationship in the individual tiller number between recording dates, especially high between October and November (r=0.93). Plant …
Vegetative Reproduction From Node And Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In A Pasture,
2025
Hokkaido University
Vegetative Reproduction From Node And Population Structure Of Timothy (Phleum Pratense L.) In A Pasture, H Sawada, S Hirano, Ch Tsuda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
We found out the vegetative reproduction from node in timothy. We examined the demography and the intra-population variation of this reproduction in a 17-year-old pasture, and the potential ability to reproduce under the wet and undisturbed greenhouse condition. Also, clone analysis using peroxidase isozyme was carried out to detect the distributional patterns of genets in the above pasture. A number of propagules were found, most had short life-span but a few grew to flower and recruited into the large size class. Most propagules derived from the top-vegetative elongated tillers (Abnormal tillers), which appeared in autumn. This reproduction occured frequently in …
The Effect Of Grass Tiller Density On The Performance Of White Clover,
2025
Johnstown Castle
The Effect Of Grass Tiller Density On The Performance Of White Clover, A J. Brereton, O T. Carton, A Conway
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The research was undertaken to obtain data on the factors affecting the ecological stability of grass/white clover swards. The objective was to monitor the changes in the level of clover dominance within and between seasons under different managements. The changes were compared with concurrent changes in the density of grass tillers. The results showed that clover dominance was reduced as grass tiller density increased. Clover dominance was maintained over three years in swards cut at 28-day intervals during the growing season. Clover declined progressively in swards cut at 14-day intervals. This decline was also related to an increase in grass …
Distribution Of C3 And C4 Type Grasses, And Climatic Patterns In Korea,
2025
Sangji College
Distribution Of C3 And C4 Type Grasses, And Climatic Patterns In Korea, S K. Lee, N K. Chang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used in the aims to correlate statistically the geographic patterns in the abundance of½, C4 and CAM type grasses with patterns in climatic variables. The dominant grasses having the C3 , C4 and CAM pathways of photosynthesis were computed for the importance values of all the grass floras in 258 widely spaced regions of South Korea. From long-term climatic records, seasonal and annual values for solar irradiance, water supply, heat availability and combinations of these variables were assigned to each of 258 regions. The results of the analyses suggest that high humidity such as river …
Observations On The Revegetative Plant Successions Resulting From Digging Den Activity Of Rodents In Mountainous Grasslands Of North-Western China,
2025
Lanzhou University
Observations On The Revegetative Plant Successions Resulting From Digging Den Activity Of Rodents In Mountainous Grasslands Of North-Western China, Chen Qing Cheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In this paper, the revegetative plant successions on the rodent den mounds built up by Marmota himalayana, Myospalax fotarerii and Ochotona dahurica on various types of grassland have been studied and described. The objectives of this study are to arrange systematically the general processes and series of these successions and to seek means for promoting the revegetation of these mounds in order to raise the yield of forages in these grasslands. Characteristics of plant succession on the mounds have been summed up and methods and techniques for promoting the revegetation of these secondary bare areas have been suggested.
Effects Of Defoliation On The Difference In Growth Between Large And Small Plants In Swards,
2025
Chiba University
Effects Of Defoliation On The Difference In Growth Between Large And Small Plants In Swards, Y Takasaki, H Oizumi, H Nojima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) become sparser as cutting frequency is increased (Takasaki, 1980), while stands of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) become denser as cutting frequency is increased (Jung et al., 1974; Ishida et al., 1971). It is assumed that defoliation of swards increases the difference in growth between individual plants and causes some of them to die in the case of alfalfa, whereas in those of orchardgrass or tall fescue defoliation decreases the difference in growth and relieves stand reduction. In order to prove this assumption two experiments were …
Herbage And Animal Production Of A Short Grass Pasture In A Mountainous Region Of Japan,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute, Miyota
Herbage And Animal Production Of A Short Grass Pasture In A Mountainous Region Of Japan, M Fukuyama, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, T Imura
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage and animal production of a short grass pasture established by unplowed sowing were investigated for seven years under continuous grazing. Herbage production and consumption on the pasture were estimated by using cages. Moreover, light intensity was measured with the new portable solarimeter devised by the authors for pastures. Standing crop was kept at 200-300 g dry matter (DM)/m2 throughout the grazing season, 32-78% of which was below 3 cm from the ground surface. From these results, it was found that the standing crop scarecely fluctuate seasonally and considerable herbage mass existed under the lower layer near the ground. Furthermore, …
The Mountain Grassland Category And Its Ecological Succession Of The Greater Xing'an Mountains,
2025
Zhelimu Animal Husbandry College
The Mountain Grassland Category And Its Ecological Succession Of The Greater Xing'an Mountains, Wei Shaocheng, Zhu Tingcheng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The mountain grassland of the Greater Xing'an Mountains are divided into two sorts, nine groups, fifteen types. It is suggested that mountain grasslands are sub-climax for its character of the climate and artificial succession. This classification and the rules of community dynamics will help us to know the grasslands of this area systematically. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploiting and utilizing the resources of the forest and grasslands, and determining the way of the agricultural production on it.
