Response Of Mombaça Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) To Nitrogen Doses And Clipping Frequency,
2021
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Response Of Mombaça Grass (Panicum Maximum Jacq.) To Nitrogen Doses And Clipping Frequency, Gustavo J. Braga, P. H. C. Luz, V. R. Herling, R. J. Schmidt, C. G. Lima
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The present experiment had the objectives of determining the response of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximun Jacq.) to three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 250, 500 kg/ha) and two clipping frequencies (28 and 42 days). Dry matter yield (DMY), density and the average weight of tillers and the mean stage count (MSC), value that represents the quantity of the plant phenological development were evaluated. Nitrogen levels affected DMY, with the 500 kg/ha of N resulting in highest yield, and highest MSC as well. The number of tillers responded positively until the 250 kg/ha level. The 42-day frequency gave higher numbers …
Herbage Allowance And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Morphological Characteristics Of Paspalum Notatum Flügge,
2021
Universidad de la República, Uruguay
Herbage Allowance And Nitrogen Fertilization Effects On Morphological Characteristics Of Paspalum Notatum Flügge, P. Boggiano, G. E. Maraschin, Carlos Nabinger, J. Riboldi, Mónica Cadenazzi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The grazing study was conducted at the Estação Experimental Agronomica – UFRGS, 30o S, on a native pasture, to evaluate the leaf area index and structural morphological traits of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fl.), within the requirements of a Central Composite Rotatable experimental design, providing for equal precision, with two blocks, encompassing two factors at five levels each, namely: Herbage Allowance (HA) = 4.0; 5.5; 9.0; 12.5 and 14.0 kg green dry matter per 100 kg liveweight per day (% LW), in association with Nitrogen (N) fertilization levels of 0; 30; 100; 170 and 200 kg ha-1 as …
Influence Of Fertilization On Botanical Composition And Productivity Of Rangeland In A Semi-Arid Climate Of South Africa,
2021
University of the Orange Free State, South Africa
Influence Of Fertilization On Botanical Composition And Productivity Of Rangeland In A Semi-Arid Climate Of South Africa, Hennie A. Snyman, I. B. Oosthuizen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the short-term response of rangeland to fertilization rangeland (all combinations of 0; 10; 30 and 50 kg ha-1 nitrogen, with 0 and 10 kg ha-1 of phosphorus) in terms of dry matter production and botanical composition. After three years of fertilization, the botanical composition of the high-N fertilized plots changed completely from a climax to sub-climax vegetation. Wire grass (Elionurus muticus) showed the greatest decrease in frequency (62%) due to N fertilization. Phosphorus fertilization had an insignificant influence on species composition over the three years. The increase (P< 0.01) in production with increased N fertilizer, peaked in the second season, declining afterwards. With N and P fertilizer applied together, the production increased constantly and peaked in the last season. After three years the production increased (P≤ 0.01) with the application of N together with P, compared to the applying of only N. The higher the amount of fertilizer, the more sensitive to drought the climax grasses became. The results confirm the vulnerability of native grasses in dry areas, due to change in soil fertility.
Defoliation And Water Deficit: Their Influence On Pasture Growth And Water Use Of White Clover,
2021
Universidad de la República, Uruguay
Defoliation And Water Deficit: Their Influence On Pasture Growth And Water Use Of White Clover, F. H. Santiñaque
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With the objective of understanding the physiological basis of defoliation and water use relationships of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures during water deficits, an experiment in controlled conditions was carried out. Outdoors nine liters pots were filled with a loam-clay soil with a water content at field capacity (FC), of 35%(w/w), at a bulk density of 1.1 g/cm3. Pre-germinated and inoculated clover seeds were transplanted, and the number of plants was adjusted to permit the development of full plant cover. The level of P in the soil did not limit plant establishment or growth. The …
Seasonal Botanical Composition And Available Forage Of Natural Grasslands In The Southeastern Range Region Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Seasonal Botanical Composition And Available Forage Of Natural Grasslands In The Southeastern Range Region Of Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, J. C. L. Reis, H. Alfaya, O. J. W. Siqueira, C. B. Farias Jr.
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of the study was to verify the influence of climatic seasons on botanical composition and on available dry matter of grasslands in the physiographic region known as Serra do Sudeste (Southeastern Range), RS, Brazil. The climate is Cfb according to Koëppen`s classification. The experiment was conducted in two natural grasslands submitted to two pre-experimental stocking rates [area 1: 0.65 AU ha-1 (normal grazing); area 2: over 2.0 AU ha-1 (overgrazing); AU: Animal Unit = 500kg live weight]. Stocking rates throughout the experimental period (June 1996–July 1997) were 0.4 and 0.65 AU ha-1, over winter …
Effect Of Sowing Time On Phytomass Production During Early Growth Of Two Varieties Of Stylosanthes Guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.,
2021
Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil
Effect Of Sowing Time On Phytomass Production During Early Growth Of Two Varieties Of Stylosanthes Guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., M. L.S. Paterniani, T. J. D. Rodrigues, G. T. Pereira, L. R. A. Rodrigues
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of two sowing times on phytomass production of two varieties of Stylosanthes guianensis (var. pauciflora and var. vulgaris). Two experimental periods were studied (1: January - May/1998 and 2: November/1998 - March/1999) using a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 2 x 14 (two periods, two varieties and fourteen ages of evaluation), with four replications. The results showed a difference between the periods concerning the growth and development of Stylosanthes, and that period 2 was the most favourable to this forage plant. There was, also, different adaptability between …
Influence Of Water Stress On Protein Concentration In Themeda Triandra Forsk. In A Semi-Arid Climate Of South Africa,
2021
University of the Orange Free State, South Africa
Influence Of Water Stress On Protein Concentration In Themeda Triandra Forsk. In A Semi-Arid Climate Of South Africa, I. B. Oosthuizen, Hennie A. Snyman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of four water treatments (T1 = 75-100%, T2 = 50-75%, T3 = 25-50% and T4 = 0-25% of Field Water Capacity) on the concentration of water-soluble protein as growth reserve during three growth stages (vegetative, pipe and reproductive) in three plant parts (roots, stubble and leafs). The water-soluble protein concentration (WSPC) in the plants under the four water treatments differed (P≤0.01) among the plant parts as well as among growth stages (P≤0.05). WSPC in leafs increased (P≤0.01) with increased water stress from T1 to T4 for the pipe growth stage. …
Effects Of Photoperiod, Low Temperature And N Nutrition On Vsp Accumulation In Taproot Of Alfalfa,
2021
Université de Caen Normandie, France
Effects Of Photoperiod, Low Temperature And N Nutrition On Vsp Accumulation In Taproot Of Alfalfa, J. C. Avice, C. Noquet, A. Ourry, J. J. Volenec
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Medicago sativa L., vegetative storage protein (VSP), specifically accumulated in taproot, are strongly involved in nitrogen storage. How the accumulation of such VSPs is regulated remains largely unknown. Experiments were designed with non-nodulated alfalfa to determine if length of the photoperiod, a decrease of temperature, or high availability of mineral nitrogen may induce the accumulation of VSPs. 15N labelling was used to quantify nitrogen uptake and its further relative translocation within the plant while VSPs accumulation was analysed by ELISA quantification. Results showed that environmental factors such as shortening daylength or low temperature changed biomass allocation within the …
Fructans From Elongating Leaf Bases Are A Source Of Carbon For Regrowth After Defoliation In Lolium Perenne,
2021
Université de Caen Normandie, France
Fructans From Elongating Leaf Bases Are A Source Of Carbon For Regrowth After Defoliation In Lolium Perenne, A. Morvan-Bertrand, J. C. Avice, M. P. Prud'homme
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A detailed study of carbohydrate metabolism in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during the first 48 h of regrowth showed that the decline in fructan concentration occurred not only in the differentiation zone (30-60 mm from leaf base), but also in the elongation zone of the elongating leaf bases. Unlike other soluble carbohydrates, the net deposition rate of fructose remained positive and even rose during the first day following defoliation. FEH (fructan exohydrolase) activity, which was maximum in the differentiation zone before defoliation, increased in all segments but peaked in the elongation zone after defoliation. Taken all together, these …
Effect Of Climatic Factors On The Plant Population Dynamics In Temperate Pasture Implantation,
2021
Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
Effect Of Climatic Factors On The Plant Population Dynamics In Temperate Pasture Implantation, B. Martin, R. Refi, S. Montico, M. Costanzo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this experiment was to determine the environmental influence on seedling emergence of alfalfa and fescue in mixture. We hypothesized that the temperature and precipitation data could be used to estimate field emergence of alfalfa and fescue. A field trial was carried out at Zavalla, Argentina and consisted of sowing a tall fescue – alfalfa mixture at different seeding date (March, April and June). Relationships between the range of temperature, rainfalls and alfalfa and fescue seedling emergence were described by linear regression models. Patterns of emergence and death of alfalfa and fescue seedling were found in the different …
Seed Production And Quality Of Buffelgrass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Selections,
2021
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Seed Production And Quality Of Buffelgrass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Selections, N. F. G. Rethman, W. H. Boshoff
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As seed production and quality are critical considerations in the commercialization of new cultivars, an evaluation programme of promising Cenchrus ciliaris (Buffelgrass) accessions placed particular emphasis on these parameters. Accessions identified for registration proved to be superior in both respects, although storage of seed or cleaning of fresh seed reduced the differences in germination between accessions. The refinement of seed cleaning processes should receive greater emphasis by commercial concerns.
Effect Of The Hierarchical Position Of Individuals In A Medicago Sativa Stand On Shoot Respiration,
2021
Technische Universität München, Germany
Effect Of The Hierarchical Position Of Individuals In A Medicago Sativa Stand On Shoot Respiration, M. Lötscher, Hans Schnyder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The influence of the hierarchical position on the relationship between C gains and C losses (respiration) of individuals was investigated in a alfalfa (Medicago sativa) stand. The hierarchical position that an individual occupied was defined by its height relative to the stand height. Stands were established by arranging potted individual plants at a density of 400 plants m-2. Stands were grown in growth cabinets. 13C steady-state labelling was used to assess C fixation (Cnew) by individuals during a photoperiod of 16 h. Respiration of shoots was measured during the following 8 h dark …
Patterns Of Development And Nitrogen Reserves Mobilization During Regrowth Of Defoliated Clover,
2021
Université de Caen Normandie, France
Patterns Of Development And Nitrogen Reserves Mobilization During Regrowth Of Defoliated Clover, F. Le Dily, E. Goulas, P. Lainé, E. Le Deunff
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Contribution of nitrogen reserves to regrowth following defoliation was studied in white clover plants (Trifolium repens) according to the morphological pattern of differentiation of the aerial parts during the same period. Low temperature and short day lengths were used as a pre-treatment in order to increase branching and enhance new sites of leaf production during a further 25 d period of regrowth. Pre-treated plants exhibited a large reduction in leaf area largely counterbalanced with a high increase in leaf pool size during the first 10 d of regrowth. The mobilization of nitrogen reserves during regrowth of defoliated clover …
Resistance To Drought In Shore Elurope (Aeluropus Litoralis) And Weeping Alkaligrass (Puccinellia Distans),
2021
University of Tehran, Iran
Resistance To Drought In Shore Elurope (Aeluropus Litoralis) And Weeping Alkaligrass (Puccinellia Distans), Mohammad Jafari, A. G. Firouzabadi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two rangeland grass species, Shore Elurope (Aeluropus litoralis) and Weeping Alkaligrass (Puccinellia distans) were studied. The research was done under a split plot experiment and completely randomized design. Plants were grown under two irrigation treatments (seven and fourteen day periods of irrigation treatments). Morphological response included determination of wilting percentage, leaf water potential, production of yield, root dry weight, weight ratio of root/stem and finally total dry weight of species. Anatomical studies included leaf descriptive structure such as comparison of stomata and their density in area unit, study of vascular structure, mesophyl tissues and epiderm. Results …
Allelopathic Influence Of Eragrostis Curvula Water Extract On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Two Other Species,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Allelopathic Influence Of Eragrostis Curvula Water Extract On Seed Germination And Seedling Growth Of Two Other Species, R. W. Coelho, R. E. Schmidt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula Schrad. Nees) is a very agressive tropical species and does not grow well with other species. This study was set up to investigate the allelopathic effect of various extract concentrations of weeping lovegrass on seed germination of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) and the seedling development of white clover. Labotatory and growth chamber studies were conducted. Extract concentrations of 13.6, 27.2, 40.8, 54.4, and 62.0 g/100mL of water were studied. Treatments were arranged in a completely ramdomized design with three replications. The allelopathic effect of weeping lovegrass was …
Effect Of Aging In Tillers Of Panicum Maximum On Leaf Elongation Rate,
2021
Massey University, New Zealand
Effect Of Aging In Tillers Of Panicum Maximum On Leaf Elongation Rate, D. D. Carvalho, C. Matthew, J. Hodgson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two cultivars of Guinea grass (P. maximum, Jacq.), Mombaça and Tanzânia, were cultivated in five litre pots, as single plants, in a green house. Plants were subjected to three defoliation levels (100, 200 and 400 mm height) for five successive monthly harvests. The experimental design was a 3x2 randomised block with five replicates. Three types of tiller (main, primary and secondary) were selected, at random, on each plant and leaf elongation rate (LER) above cutting height was measured, weekly, between harvests. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in LER between tiller types in cv. Mombaça in all periods, but only in period two in cv. Tanzânia. In the last period tillers were classified, at random, as old (over four months age) mature (between two and four months) and young (between one and two months). Old tillers had a lower (P < 0.05) LER than the other two categories in both cultivars and lower (P < 0.05) SLA (specific leaf area) in Mombaça.
Dormant Bud Development In Phalaris Aquatica L.,
2021
Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Australia
Dormant Bud Development In Phalaris Aquatica L., Brendan R. Cullen, P. E. Quigley, D. F. Chapman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The formation of dormant buds is critical to the summer survival of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) in pastures. Dormant buds are formed on the base of reproductive tillers as they develop in spring. This project aimed to determine the seasonal pattern of dormant bud development and the influence of grazing management on bud dynamics. Approximately three buds per reproductive tiller were formed in the spring and early summer period. These buds responded to summer rainfall, with one third of buds becoming active following a 15-mm rainfall event in mid summer. In the following growing season, on average, 1.5 buds …
Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing,
2021
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
Tillering Dynamics Of Panicum Maximum Jacq. Cv. Tanzania-1 After Grazing, Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Valéria P. B. Euclides, A. J. Regazzi, D. M. Fonseca
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tillering dynamics and tiller dry matter weight from Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania-1) were evaluated in two post-grazing stubbles (High Post-grazing Stubble – HPS-3.6 t of DM/ha and Low Post-grazing Stubble – LPS-2.3 t of DM/ha). There was no difference between post-grazing stubbles for decapitated axillary and basal remainder and new axillary tillers. The LPS presented greater number of new basal tillers. The rate of appearance of new basal and axillary tillers decreased with time after grazing. There were differences between the treatments on tiller dry matter weight, and greater values were found in the high post-graze stubble.
Flowering Distribution Pattern In White Clover Cultivars,
2021
INTA, Argentina
Flowering Distribution Pattern In White Clover Cultivars, B. S. Rosso, E. M. Pagano, P. Rimieri
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A trial was carried out at Pergamino Agricultural Experimental Station to examine the distribution pattern and the profuseness of inflorescence production of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The treatments were 16 cultivars (Churrinche, El Lucero MAG, Bayucuá, Estanzuela Zapicán, Lucero Plus Inta, Haifa, California, Ladino Gigante Lodigiano, Dubrava, Susi, Merwi, Blanca, Sonja, Espanso, Nora, S 184) of different origins and leaf size. The experimental design was a lattice with four replications. Southamerican cultivars showed a similar distribution pattern and had the highest inflorescence production. They also flowered earlier than foreign cultivars, except Haifa. Some of the cultivars evaluated did …
Breeding Italian Annual Ryegrass For Tolerance To Pythium Ultimum,
2021
Texas A&M University
Breeding Italian Annual Ryegrass For Tolerance To Pythium Ultimum, L. R. Nelson, I. J. Pemberton, G. R. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study was conducted in an attempt to improve tolerance of annual ryegrass to Pythium ultimum Trow. Improved tolerance of ryegrass as measured in laboratory experiments was confirmed in greenhouse studies. This tolerance was defined as improved emergence and increased root length of seedlings in the presence of P. ultimum, using rolled germination paper in the laboratory, and sand in the greenhouse. Further experimentation will be required to determine usefulness of this selected trait under field conditions.
