Nitrogen Concentration In Cell Wall Of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Nitrogen Concentration In Cell Wall Of Warm-Season Perennial Grasses, G. F. C. Lima, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. E. Moore
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the influence of N fertilizer, age of regrowth, and season on concentration of N in cell-wall fractions of three warm-season perennial grasses (limpograss, [Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf et C.E. Hubb.], bermudagrass [Cynodon spp.], and bahiagrass [Paspalum notatum Flügge]. The herbage neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) fraction composed almost half of total N in these grasses. Though acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) concentrations generally were 80 g kg-1 of total N or less, this fraction is indigestible and unavailable and composes a significant portion of a nutrient that may …
Biological Behaviour Of Murrah Water Buffaloes,
2021
Instituto de Zootecnia, Brazil
Biological Behaviour Of Murrah Water Buffaloes, P. B. Alcântara, D. A. Beisman, V. B. G. Alcântara, A. M. F. Pereira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Modest but constant and progressive is the importance that buffaloes are achieving at the scientific’s, producer’s and consumer’s societies. Feeding behaviour is a continuous act in animals. Motivation is a reversible process of the brain induced by external factors. So, consumption tends to be continuous until another stimulus such as satiation becomes dominant. The majority of large domestic animals is fed “ad libitum”. This originates different situations when they are over or underfed. That is the situation that makes the cyrcadian rithm an important tool to be used in order to achieve maximum gains in rangelands. For half a year, …
Effect Of Burning And Management Alternatives On Forage Litter Composition Of A Native Pasture,
2021
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Effect Of Burning And Management Alternatives On Forage Litter Composition Of A Native Pasture, I. Heringer, A. V. A. Jacques
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The content and quantities of nutrients in forage and litter was evaluated in native pasture under grazing, submitted to burning and alternatives practices. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with three replications. The biennial burning has no effect in nutrients contents of the forage, but in the case of litter plus senescent material the concentration of Ca and Mg decreased as compared to the systems without burning. The sod-seeding treatment increased the nutrient contents in the alive and dead tissues. Nutrient accumulation on forage tissue and litter plus senescent material, was highest in the systems without burning.
Studies On Feeding Value For Five Psammophyte Shrubs In Ningxia Region,
2021
Ningxia Agricultural College, China
Studies On Feeding Value For Five Psammophyte Shrubs In Ningxia Region, Dongmei X., Weixian C., Sijia G., Xiangyun X.
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A trial was conducted on five psammophyte shrubs -Caragana intermedia, C. korshinskii, Hedysarum scoparium, H. laeve, Salix psammophylla in the post-fruit period in Ningxia, China. Chemical composition, palatability and in vitro digestibility were studied systematically. The feeding value was evaluated through Fuzzy multifactorial model. According to chemical composition, palatability and in vitro digestibility, C. intermedia, had the highest feeding value and C .korshinskii the lowest.
In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Prairie Grass And Annual Ryegrass Forage,
2021
INTA, Argentina
In Situ Dry Matter Ruminal Degradation Kinetics Of Prairie Grass And Annual Ryegrass Forage, J. R. Carrete, I. Ceconi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate dry matter ruminal degradation kinetics, of prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), by using in sacco technique, on seven different harvesting dates. The forage was incubated in nylon bags, suspended in the rumen of four Hereford steers with a rumen fistula. The dry matter ruminal degradation was calculated through the exponential model P=a+b(1-exp(-ct)). Potential degradabilities (PD) were high and reduced across a temporal trend, ranging between 92,31 and 81,79g 100g -1 of dry matter (DM) for prairie grass (PG) and 95,06 and 77,44g 100g -1 …
Application Of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) To Forage Evaluation In Uruguay,
2021
INIA, Uruguay
Application Of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (Nirs) To Forage Evaluation In Uruguay, D. Cozzolino, Y. Acosta, J. Garcia
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to assess the chemical composition of a wide range of forages. Nearly five hundred herbage samples covering a wide range of temperate pastures species and mixtures, previously analysed by conventional wet chemistry were scanned in reflectance with a NIRS 6500 (NIRSystems, Silver Spring, USA). The coefficients of determination in calibration (R2 ) and the errors in cross validation (SECV) were 0.98 (5.8), 0.94 (22.2), 0.97 (5.6), 0.94 (6.9) and 0.89 (19.7) for crude protein, in vitro organic matter digestibility, dry matter, ash and acid detergent fiber, in g kg –1 on a …
Seasonal Variation Of Brachiaria Spp. Quality In The Pantanal Of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Seasonal Variation Of Brachiaria Spp. Quality In The Pantanal Of Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil, S. M. A. Crispim, E. L. Cardoso, F. Fernandes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study aims to evaluate the dry matter yield and the crude protein (CP) of Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria humidicola and soil covering by these species, considering stand lasting age and hydrologic cycle periods in the Pantanal, from November 1996 to November 1997. Dry matter yield presented differences between hydrologic cycle periods and age, and their interactions. B. decumbens and B. humidicola over 10 years comparison yielded the largest amount of dry matter yield, observed in February. B. humidicola growth rate was slower than B. decumbens. Pastures stand ages did not cause differences in crude protein, but differences have …
Continuous Digestibility Assessment Of Tropical Grasses,
2021
Forschungsinstitut für die Biologie landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, Germany
Continuous Digestibility Assessment Of Tropical Grasses, A. Chudy, T. Schmidt, A. Glatzle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The feed value for cattle of three tropical grasses, Gatton (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton), Estrella (Cynodon plectostachyus) and Tifton-85 (Cynodon sp. cv. Tifton-85) was investigated during the growing period, using the method of “continuous digestibility estimation”. Results indicate that feed value is hardly influenced by the growth stage from the 90th day on. Common European in-vitro feed evaluation procedures are not to be recommended for tropical grasses as they presented consistently lower values than did in-vivo measurements.
Prediction Of Intake Of Hay Differing In Species And Maturity By Goats,
2021
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Prediction Of Intake Of Hay Differing In Species And Maturity By Goats, S. W. Coleman, S. P. Hart, T. Sahlu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eight species of forage, a cool-season perennial (Festuca arundinacea) and annual grass (Triticum aestivum), four warm-season perennial grasses (Bothriochloa caucasica, B. ischaemum, Cynodon dactylon, and Tripsacum dactyloides), a warm season annual (Digitaria sanguinalis) and a perennial legume (Medicago sativa), were cut at two or three maturities to provide a wide array of quality difference (n=20). Twenty wether goats (Capra hicus) were fed the hays in four different trials using an incomplete block so that each hay was fed to four different goats. Alfalfa produced the highest DM, …
Climatic Factors, Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber And Crude Protein Contents In Digitgrass,
2021
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Taiwan
Climatic Factors, Acid Detergent Fiber, Neutral Detergent Fiber And Crude Protein Contents In Digitgrass, C. S. Chen, S. M. Wang, Y. K. Chang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Digitgrass (Digitaria Xumifolia) was treated according to a set of programmed harvest cycles to study the impact of climatic factors on the quality of the grass. It is found that seasonal changes have greater effect on the quality of the grass than does the length of the harvest cycle. The highest correlation coefficient (0.81) between the ADF content and accumulated temperature is attained when the base temperature is set to 15.5 , while the highest correlation coefficient (0.88) between CP and is attained at a base temperature of 15.0 . The determination coefficient of regression (R2 ) …
Effect Of Level Of Surface Spoilage On The Nutritive Value Of Maize Silage Diets,
2021
Kansas State University
Effect Of Level Of Surface Spoilage On The Nutritive Value Of Maize Silage Diets, K. K. Bolsen, L. A. Whitlock, G. L. Huck, M. K. Siefers, T. E. Schmidt, R. V. Pope, M. E. Uriarte
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study determined the effect of surface spoilage in the diet on feed intake and nutrient digestibilities using growing steers fed whole-plant maize silage-based diets. A bunker silo, 0.9 m in depth, and a 2.7 m diameter AgBag were filled with alternating loads of chopped forage. After 90 days, the bunker was sealed with a sheet of polyethylene, and this silage was designated “spoiled”. The silage in the AgBag was designated “normal”. The four diets contained 90% silage and 10% supplement (dry matter basis), and the proportions of silage in the diets were A) 100% normal, B) 75% normal: 25% …
Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities,
2021
Justus-Liebig-Universität, Germany
Selenium And Sulphur Concentrations In Primary Growths Of Different Plant Communities, W. Opitz Von Boberfeld
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The factorised evaluated data of seven different grassland swards and two harvest dates of primary growths led to following results: Regarding the concentrations of selenium and sulphur, a selenium antagonist, and the N/S ratio, there were no significant plant community x harvest date, plant community x year, and harvest date x year interactions. The selenium concentrations, which never met the requirements of ruminants, were the highest in young herbage of a Bromion racemosi community reaching 49 µg kg-1 DM. The average of all swards and treatments was 33 µg kg-1 DM of selenium. Apparently, repeated application of selenate-bearing …
Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands,
2021
University of Florida
Canopy Characteristics, Ingestive Behaviour And Herbage Intake In Cultivated Tropical Grasslands, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. C. Burns
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Compared to temperate systems, there have been few detailed assessments of canopy characteristics and associated grazing behavior in planted tropical grasslands. Reasons include the large number of forage species used in warm climates, the diversity of their morphology, research priorities emphasizing germplasm evaluation and management, and limited resources. This review describes canopy attributes of C4 grass pastures, highlights the most important relationships between grazing behavior and these canopy characteristics, and discusses the implications of canopy characteristics and grazing behavior for long-term intake and animal performance. It is suggested that the largest differences in canopy characteristics between tropical and temperate …
Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands,
2021
INRA, France
Foraging Behaviour And Intake In Temperate Cultivated Grasslands, S. Prache, J. L. Peyraud
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In temperate areas, grazing provides a large part of the nutrient requirements of ruminants and may be an important form of land use. In Europe, grassland occupies some 150 million hectares, and grazing provides about 60 to 75% of the nutrient requirements of cattle (Wilkins and Vidrih 2000). From the end of the 80’s, agricultural surpluses in Europe have led to production quotas and increased interest in more extensive systems. At the beginning of the 90’s, the emergence of the notion of sustainable agriculture combining economic, social (concerns in dereliction of less-favoured rural areas), and environmental issues (pollution, loss of …
A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay,
2021
INIA, Uruguay
A Comparative Grazing Study Of Sheep And Cattle Diet Selection On Native Pastures In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, G. Pigurina, E. J. Berretta, I. Santamarina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An experiment was carried out during winter, spring and summer 1997, on native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of different herbage mass levels (high, medium and low) on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. Higher herbage masses resulted in increments in herbage accumulation and sheep bite weight: winter (1880, 1513 and 610 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 199, 148 and 128 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01), and summer (3046, 2175 and 1172 kg DM ha-1, P < 0.01; 214, 175 and 143 mg DM/bite, P < 0.01) for high, medium and low herbage mass levels respectively. The nutritive value of diet selected by sheep and cattle was higher than that of the herbage on offer, and higher in sheep than in cattle: winter (10.2, 15.9 and 12.5% crude protein, CP, P < 0.05; 49.2, 32.4 and 38.1% acid detergent fiber, ADF, P < 0.01, and summer (7.4, 10 and 9.5% CP, P < 0.05; 51.1, 36.8 and 43% ADF, P < 0.01) for herbage on offer, sheep and cattle diets respectively. These contrasting results found in the nutritive value were closely associated with differences in the proportions of the botanical components recorded, particularly the differential contribution of dead material. This experiment quantified the importance of diet selection in determining the nutritive value of the forage eaten by sheep and cattle on the native pastures of the basaltic region of Uruguay and established some relationships between diet selection and grazing management, involving animal selectivity ability differences (sheep versus cattle) and seasonal effects.
A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay,
2021
INIA, Uruguay
A Sheep And Catlle Diet Selection Study On A Fertilized Native Sward In Uruguay, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, G. Pigurina, I. Santamarina
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study was undertaken during winter, spring and summer 1997, located in the basaltic region of Uruguay to evaluate the effects of stocking rate (SR) and N and P fertilizer application on sward characteristics and on sheep and cattle diet selection and grazing behaviour. The treatments applied were: a) control (C; without fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 stock units (SU)/ha), b) T1 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 0.9 SU/ha), c) T2 (with N and P fertilizer application using a SR of 1.2 SU/ha) and d) T3 (with N and P fertilizer application using …
Ingestive Behavior Of Beef Cattle Fed Either Protein Or Energy Supplements Under A Rotational Grazing System,
2021
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Ingestive Behavior Of Beef Cattle Fed Either Protein Or Energy Supplements Under A Rotational Grazing System, R. P. Manzano, Luiz Gustavo Nussio, M. P. Andreucci, K. Z. Veiga, R. Z. M. Costa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eight Nellore bullocks were assigned to a Tanzânia grass pasture (Panicum maximum Jacq.) under a rotational grazing system, to evaluate the ingestive behavior under two different grazing residues. Stocking rate intensity was used to reach either 1000 kg DM.ha-1 (R1) or 4000 kg DM.ha-1 (R2) as residual targets. Three grazing days followed by 33 days resting period, composed a 36 day grazing cycle. Each grazing plot supported four animals, in a 4x4 Latin square design, within the following supplementation rates and sources: S1 = no supplement; S2 = 2,0 kg DM.day-1 coarsely ground corn - 8 …
Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management,
2021
Agriculture Victoria, Australia
Changes In Pasture Growth Rate Due To Fertiliser And Grazing Management, P. Quigley, D. Chapman, J. Lamb, G. Kearney
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is imperative that sheep production systems in southern Australia continue to be refined so producers remain financially viable but at the same time the environment is not degraded. As part of a national thrust for development and promotion of better production systems, one research site has been established in Victoria where pastures and animal production are measured together with water and nutrient movement. Results for pasture growth rates over two years are presented here and will be used to develop best industry practice at completion of the project.
Salicylic Acid: A Key Regulator Of Redox Signalling 1 And Plant Immunity,
2021
Aligarh Muslim University
Salicylic Acid: A Key Regulator Of Redox Signalling 1 And Plant Immunity, Mohd Saleem, Qazi Fariddudin, Christian Castroverde
Biology Faculty Publications
In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and developmental signaling. However, biotic and abiotic stresses can cause ROS over-accumulation leading to oxidative stress. Therefore, a suitable equilibrium is vital for redox homeostasis in plants, and there have been major advances in this research arena. Salicylic acid (SA) is known as a chief regulator of ROS; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. SA plays an important role in establishing the hypersensitive response (HR) and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). This is underpinned by a robust and …
Response Of Mixed C4 Grasses To Various Multiple Paddock Grazing Strategies,
2021
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Response Of Mixed C4 Grasses To Various Multiple Paddock Grazing Strategies, B. E. Anderson, W. H. Schacht
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The botanical composition of mixed grass pastures may change during grazing due to the various grazing period/recovery period lengths associated with multiple-paddock grazing strategies. This 4-year study compared changes in relative species composition and basal plant cover of a C4 grass mixture grazed using a nested paddock design to simulate 2, 4, 6 and 12- paddock grazing cells in eastern Nebraska. Total basal plant cover declined from 11.6% prior to grazing to 7.3% after one year of grazing and then remained nearly constant thereafter. Neither relative species composition nor basal density were affected greatly by grazing strategy. Within grazing …
