Evaluating Varieties Of Alfalfa And Tall Fescue For Tolerance To Over-Grazing By Cattle,
2021
University of Kentucky
Evaluating Varieties Of Alfalfa And Tall Fescue For Tolerance To Over-Grazing By Cattle, Robert F. Spitaleri, Jimmy C. Henning, Charles T. Dougherty, Garry D. Lacefield, B. T. Larson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) were seeded in small (1.5 m x 4.6 m) plots and harvested for estimating yield the following spring. Plots were then grazed by cattle continuously for the remainder of the season so as to keep stand heights at 7.5 cm or less. This procedure was repeated for one or two more grazing seasons, depending on stand survival. Stands were visually rated for stand in the fall and spring. Marked differences in grazing tolerance were observed among alfalfa cultivars, following closely the commercial designations as grazing-type or …
The Role Of Cattle Dung In Seed Dispersal Of Major Species In A Zoysia Japonica Pasture In Japan,
2021
National Grassland Research Institute, Japan
The Role Of Cattle Dung In Seed Dispersal Of Major Species In A Zoysia Japonica Pasture In Japan, K. Shimoda, S. Sakanoue
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To evaluate the role of cattle dung in seed dispersal of major species in Zoysia japonica pasture in Japan, we investigated the species composition and density of seeds in cattle dung by means of a germination test. Of 20 major species which had a mean coverage of more than 0.1%, 90% were detected as seeds in cattle dung. In addition, the species composition and density of seeds in cattle dung differed among three sampling seasons. Seeds of the six most prevalent species in terms of coverage were detected from cattle dung during the growing season. Hence, we conclude that it …
Biodiversity And Spatial Heterogeneity In Semi-Natural Grasslands In A Mountain Area In Slovakia,
2021
Ibaraki University, Japan
Biodiversity And Spatial Heterogeneity In Semi-Natural Grasslands In A Mountain Area In Slovakia, Masae Shiyomi, N. Gáborèík, H. Koizumi, A. Javorkova, E. Uhliarova, O. Jezikova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The spatial pattern of vegetation in the following 3 semi-natural grasslands in Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, was observed in August, 1998: (1) a grassland sown with improved herbage plants after plowing in 1991, (2) a grassland oversown with improved herbage plants in 1991, and (3) a natural grassland without any treatment at the time of establishment. A new method of measuring vegetation was adopted: in each grassland, 50 quadrats 50 cm × 50 cm, composed of 4 smaller cells 25 cm × 25 cm, were set up, and all the species in each cell were recorded. The sown grassland displayed the …
Optimum Area Of Semi-Natural Grassland To Maintain Maximum Butterfly And Avian Species Richness In Japan,
2021
National Grassland Research Institute, Japan
Optimum Area Of Semi-Natural Grassland To Maintain Maximum Butterfly And Avian Species Richness In Japan, A. Shoji, K. Kohyama, H. Sasaki
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
To evaluate the optimum area of semi-natural grassland to maintain maximum butterfly and avian species richness in Japan, digitalized grid data of butterfly and avian distribution, as well as vegetation distribution, throughout the country were used. After obtaining logistic regression models explaining the probabilities of occurrence of each species with semi-natural grassland area and latitude as variables, the optimum value was calculated. The expected maximum species richness of butterflies in the country was the highest in the case of about 40 square kilometers of semi-natural grassland per 100 square kilometers, though the value varied somewhat with latitude. The expected maximum …
Managing Grassy Woodlands: Balancing Production And Conservation Of Resources,
2021
CSIRO, Australia
Managing Grassy Woodlands: Balancing Production And Conservation Of Resources, John G. Mcivor, Neil D. Macleod, S. Mcintyre
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Eastern Australian eucalypt woodlands are important agricultural areas that have been widely modified during two centuries of European-style use. Despite this they contain important natural resources including significant biodiversity. Long term sustainability of production depends on maintaining resources and management must be for both production and conservation. A research program on four properties in south east Queensland showed the properties were in generally good condition although all had some problems, and has highlighted a number of significant costs and barriers to adopting a more balanced approach to production and conservation.
Species Segregation And Functional Groups In The Hill Country Of New Zealand,
2021
Massey University, New Zealand
Species Segregation And Functional Groups In The Hill Country Of New Zealand, I. López, I. Valentine, D. Hedderley, M. G. Lambert
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the hill country of New Zealand, the soil-sward relationship on hill microrelief was studied. Three categories of slope or microsites were distinguished: low, medium and high. The hypothesis was that soil variables of neighbouring microsites differ, and because of this, there is a segregation of species or functional groups of species between the microsites. Soil features, botanical composition and total annual yield were measured in the slope categories in two similar paddocks; one of which had received long-term phosphorus fertilisation and a non-fertilised paddock. ANOVA, cluster analysis and canonical variate analysis were performed on the data. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, …
Influence Of Grassland Management And Grazing By Different Farm Animals On Animal Performance And Flora Alterations,
2021
Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals Dummerstorf-Rostock, Germany
Influence Of Grassland Management And Grazing By Different Farm Animals On Animal Performance And Flora Alterations, W. Jentsch, H.-D. Matthes, A. Admasu, H. Möhring
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objectives of this study were to test the possibilities of using different farm animals for landscape care on extensive pasture, taking into account their particular performance, and to analyse alterations of the flora in consequence of grazing by different animals and various pasture management. Salers had the highest (836g/d) and Galloways (584g/d) the lowest live weight gain as compared with the other breeds (771g/d). Lambs had higher live weight when grazing together with cattle and horses (mixed grazing) than under one species grazing. The number of legume increased and that of grass decreased. Following 3 years the grazing animals …
Animal Production From Tropical Pastures Renovated By Subsoiling And Fertilization In The Cerrados Of Brazil,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Animal Production From Tropical Pastures Renovated By Subsoiling And Fertilization In The Cerrados Of Brazil, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Manuel C. M. Macedo, M. P. Oliveira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A grazing trial was conducted, to study the effects of fertilization on the maintenance of the productivity of four tropical grasses. The paddocks were subsoiled, and dived into halves: one (LF1) received 400 kg/ha of a fertilizer formula 0-20-20.and the other (LF2) 800 kg/ha of the same fertilizers, in January 1995. Annually, 50 kg/ha of N was applied. The productivity on LF2 pastures was greater than that on FL1 pastures, averaging 520 and 410 kg of liveweight gain/ha/year. A double strategy should be followed to sustain animal production in the savanna: maintain soil P over a critical value of 3.0 …
Performance Of Nellore Cattle Under Two Grazing Management Systems,
2021
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Performance Of Nellore Cattle Under Two Grazing Management Systems, L. De A. Corrêa, Maurício M. De Alencar, Rogério T. Barbosa, P. F. Barbosa, Geraldo M. Da Cruz, I. U. Packer, C. A. Cordeiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of grazing intensification on birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW, standartized to 205 days), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG), and gestation length (GL) of calves, cow weight at calving (CWC) and at weaning (CWW), cow condition score at calving (CCC) and at weaning (CCW), and BW/CWC (BWR), WW/CWC (WWRC) and WW/CWW (WWRW) ratios. One hundred and sixty eight Nellore calves born in 1998 and 1999, out of dams maintained in two grazing management systems were evaluated: an extensive 1.0 animal unity (AU). ha-1 system on unfertilized …
Orchardgrass Pastures For Early-Weaned Beef Calves,
2021
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Orchardgrass Pastures For Early-Weaned Beef Calves, J. C. Waller, H. A. Fribourg, C. Dixon, A. E. Fisher, B. V. Conger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) grown alone or with ladino white (Trifolium repens) and red (T. pratense) clovers, provides a high quality March to June pasture. However, many beef producers have their cows calving in January-March, thus producing offspring that are too young to utilize spring forage well. As an alternative, some producers have their cows bred so that calves are born in autumn (September-November). By spring, these calves are old enough to consume pasture forage. The few earlier studies on early weaning of fall-born calves consist of drylot feeding of high quality hay or concentrates. …
Management Of Meadow Fescue Pasture For High-Producing Dairy Cows In Northern Japan,
2021
Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan
Management Of Meadow Fescue Pasture For High-Producing Dairy Cows In Northern Japan, K. Sudo, K. Ochiai, T. Ikeda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to establish an intensive grazing system of meadow fescue (Festuca elatior L.) pasture for high-producing dairy cows in some areas of Japan where soil freezes in winter. Plant succession of meadow fescue pastures that had been grazed at different plant heights and milk production from cows grazed on meadow fescue pasture compared to that from cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture were surveyed over a five year period. Succession of meadow fescue pasture depended on the management of plant height before grazing use. Milk production from cows grazed on meadow fescue pasture was …
Leaf Blade Selection By Sheep In Kleingrass (Panicum Coloratum L.) Pastures With Different Deferment Periods,
2021
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Leaf Blade Selection By Sheep In Kleingrass (Panicum Coloratum L.) Pastures With Different Deferment Periods, P. Sierra, M. S. Cid, M. A. Brizuela, C. M. Ferri
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The winter use of standing dead biomass produced by warm season grasses during the previous growing season may be an alternative to grazing systems in the semi-arid Pampean Region of Argentina. This study evaluated: 1) the effect of different deferment periods on the leaf blade percentage and quality of ‘kleingrass’ (Panicum coloratum L.), a warm season specie recently introduced to that region, and 2) whether rams grazing the vegetation accumulated during these different periods are able to select leaf blades to maintain the quality of their diets. It was generated three treatments by deferment of the forage produced after …
Microhistological Estimation Of Leaf Blade Percentage In Diets From Monoespecific Pastures,
2021
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina
Microhistological Estimation Of Leaf Blade Percentage In Diets From Monoespecific Pastures, P. Sierra, M. S. Cid, M. A. Brizuela, C. M. Ferri
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Although a decrease in the leaf-stem ratio affects the nutritive value of pastures, herbivores can reinforce selection for leaf blades to maintain the quality of their diets. This study evaluated whether the percentage of fragments with furrows in blades could be used to estimate the relative intake of this part of the leaves by herbivores grazing monoespecific pastures. It was worked with vegetation of kleingrass (Panicum coloratum L.) from paddocks with three deferment periods. Blade samples, and different plant part mixtures hand compounded were in vitro digested. The digestion residues were microhistological analyzed determining the number of fragment with …
Evaluation Of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa Pratensis L.) For Creating Sustainable Grazing Swards In Hokkaido,
2021
Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan
Evaluation Of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa Pratensis L.) For Creating Sustainable Grazing Swards In Hokkaido, T. Saigusa, S. Tejima, Y. Ogawa, S. Takahashi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is generally considered to be a weed in the meadows of Hokkaido. However, a revaluation of this species should be undertaken in terms of its useful characteristics for labor-saving management on farms in marginal areas. The performance of steers (Holstein-Friesian) and botanical composition of Kentucky bluegrass swards were investigated under the stocking methods of set and rotational grazing and compared with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) swards. Kentucky bluegrass was stable over the grazing season under both methods, although timothy decreased rapidly. The average daily gain of steers raised on Kentucky bluegrass swards was …
Structural Stability Of Short Latency Alfalfa-Based Pastures In The Humid Pampa, Argentina,
2021
Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
Structural Stability Of Short Latency Alfalfa-Based Pastures In The Humid Pampa, Argentina, R. O. Refi, B. Martín
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this study was to search the effects of grazing intensity and nitrogen fertilization on the structural stability of a mixed pasture composed by alfalfa (latency group 9), brome grass, tall fescue and white clover, sown in April 1997. Rotational grazing was carried out with dairy cattle with high intensity (HI: up to 3-4 cm) or moderate intensity (LI: up to 8-10 cm), whenever the alfalfa showed basal regrowth. According to a split-plot design, grazing intensities were subdivided to assign three levels of nitrogen fertilization: N0, without fertilization; N1 with 50 kg N/ha per year; and N2 with …
Late Winter Dietary Overlap Among Greater Rheas And Domestic Herbivores On The Argentinean Flooding Pampa,
2021
Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Late Winter Dietary Overlap Among Greater Rheas And Domestic Herbivores On The Argentinean Flooding Pampa, G. Vacarezza, M. S. Cid, F. Milano
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study evaluates the dietary overlap among greater rheas (Rhea americana L.) sheep and cattle in the Flooding Pampa, Buenos Aires, Argentina during late winter, when is observed the lowest forage availability. The work was carried out with the following forage classes (FC): warm and cool season grasses and forbs (legumes and no-legumes). Diet botanical composition was estimated by microanalysis of faeces. Principal Component Analysis and Kulcyznsky´s index of similarity were used for data analysis. Rhea populations selected diets with higher forb percentages. On the contrary, vegetation structure and their own morpho-physiology conditioned cattle to diets almost exclusively gramineous. …
Beef Calf Production Using Year-Round Grazing On Tropical Grass Pasture In Summer Combined With Cool Temperate Grass Pasture In Winter,
2021
Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Japan
Beef Calf Production Using Year-Round Grazing On Tropical Grass Pasture In Summer Combined With Cool Temperate Grass Pasture In Winter, Y. Nakanishi, K. Shindou, S. Watanabe, K. Yamamoto, K. Hagino
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) showed a poor quality with low crude protein in summer but blood biochemical levels of grazing beef cows were similar to drylot feeding cows except of concentration of urea nitrogen. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) showed very good quality with high crude protein (about 20 percentage) in winter. And so, suckler cows gained live weight in winter and suckling calves were showed very high growth rate (daily gain was about 1.0 kg). Total live weight gains of grazing cows were higher than those of drylot feeding cows. Postpartum reproductive performances of grazing cows were …
Winter Grazing And Feeding Systems In Western Canada,
2021
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
Winter Grazing And Feeding Systems In Western Canada, Duane H. Mccartney, V. Baron, J. Basarab, E. Okine, G. Lastiwka, A. Depalme, D. Young
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Beef cow calf producers in Western Canada are looking for methods of extending the grazing season into the winter in order to lower winter feed costs. Dry beef cows were early or late weaned and grazed during the early months of winter on late seeded barley swaths (Hardlum vulgare L.) and compared to cows fed barley silage and free choice barley straw in a feeding yard. The swath grazed barley was late seeded in June and swathed in the silage stage in mid September. Cows successfully swath grazed for three winters from mid November until mid to late February …
Forage Management For Extending The Grazing Season,
2021
University of Wyoming
Forage Management For Extending The Grazing Season, David W. Koch, C. M. Lux, J. W. Flake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies were conducted to determine ways to extend grazing season with forages adequate to meet the needs of grazing animals and to reduce the cost of livestock production. Perennial grasses were swathed, windrowed and left in the field until they were winter-grazed with bred heifers. Corn (Zea mays L.) was stockpiled for winter grazing with lambs and ewes. Windrowed grasses increased in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) compared with stored hay, but crude protein content, heifer weight gain and body condition change was similar for both forages. An economic value of $218 ha-1 from …
Biodiversity And Fire In Shortgrass Steppe,
2021
Rocky Mountain Research Station
Biodiversity And Fire In Shortgrass Steppe, Paulette L. Ford
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Effects of fire at two levels of intensity on beetle diversity in shortgrass steppe were examined. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 3 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment. Treatments were two levels of fire 1) dormant-season fire (relatively hot), and 2) growing-season fire (relatively cool), and unburned plots. The response variables were arthropod species richness and abundance. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis predicts that maximum species richness occurs at intermediate levels of disturbance. Data obtained in this study support that prediction. Species richness was higher on plots of intermediate fire intensity than the more intensely burned plots, and almost …
