Autumn Root Reserves Of Lucerne Affected Shoot Yields During The Following Spring,
2023
Lincoln University, New Zealand
Autumn Root Reserves Of Lucerne Affected Shoot Yields During The Following Spring, D. J. Moot, E. I. Teixeira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Frequent grazing affects shoot yield of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) by limiting radiation interception (Teixeira et al., 2005b) and the accumulation of endogenous reserves (C and N) in perennial storage organs like crowns and taproots (Teixeira et al., 2005a). In temperate regions, the impact of low level of perennial reserves is particularly evident during early-spring, when lucerne regrowth resumes after an overwintering period. The analysis of lucerne yield can be fragmented into its yield components of plant population, shoots per plant and yield per shoot (Volenec et al., 1987). The objective of this research was to quantify …
Lucerne Crown And Taproot Biomass Affected Early-Spring Canopy Expansion,
2023
Lincoln University, New Zealand
Lucerne Crown And Taproot Biomass Affected Early-Spring Canopy Expansion, E. I. Teixeira, D. J. Moot, A. L. Fletcher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Leaf area index (LAI) quantifies canopy expansion in crops and is used in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) simulation models to predict daily PAR interception (PAR i). This then drives yield through radiation use efficiency (RUE) (Gosse et al., 1984). In perennial crops, like lucerne, the level of biomass stored in crown and taproot may affect canopy expansion in subsequent regrowth cycles (Avice et al., 1997). In temperate regions the impact of this is likely to be greatest in early-spring, when low temperatures delay development. The objective of the current research was to identify whether contrasting levels of winter biomass in …
Extending The Grazing Season With Turnips,
2023
Swiss College of Agriculture, Switzerland
Extending The Grazing Season With Turnips, P. Thomet, S. Kohler
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A comparison of the actual feeding costs on 86 typical Swiss dairy farms confirmed that the production of hay and grass silage is very expensive with costs from the field to intake in the range of 20-25 Euro cents/kg of dry matter (DM). Options to extend the grazing season for dairy cows in the late autumn and early winter, and hence reduce winter feeding costs, would therefore be welcome (Penrose et al., 1996). The aim of the study was to compare the DM production potential of summer-seeded turnips with other brassicas and Italian ryegrass and to test whether dairy cows …
Milk Production Performance Based On Grazed Grassland In Switzerland,
2023
Swiss College of Agriculture, Switzerland
Milk Production Performance Based On Grazed Grassland In Switzerland, P. Thomet, H. Menzi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A common feature of profitable dairy systems is the use of large amounts of low cost feed. One approach to improve the competitive ability of the dairy production therefore is to promote grazing (Dillon et al., 1995). A comparison of the actual feeding costs on typical Swiss dairy farms showed that hay and grass silage were four times and concentrates seven times more expensive than grazed grass. A maximum utilisation of grazed grass can be achieved with a seasonal production system, which synchronises the cow’s feed requirements with pasture growth. This strategy was implemented and consistently optimised on an …
The Effect Of Inclusion Of A Range Of Supplementary Feeds On Herbage Intake, Total Dry Matter Intake And Substitution Rate In Grazing Dairy Cows,
2023
Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland
The Effect Of Inclusion Of A Range Of Supplementary Feeds On Herbage Intake, Total Dry Matter Intake And Substitution Rate In Grazing Dairy Cows, S. J. Morrison, D. C. Patterson, S. Dawson, C. P. Ferris
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The milk production potential of dairy cows has increased substantially over the past two decades. This development presents new challenges for managing dairy cows during grazing, particularly where the objective is to maximise the proportion of energy in the diet derived from forage. The objective of the current study was to explore supplementation strategies to maintain high total forage intakes from grazed grass supplemented with alternative forage supplements in dairy cows during the grazing season. A second objective of the study was to examine the effect of supplement on substitution rate (SR) and milk yield response.
White Clover Soil Fatigue: An Establishment Problem On Large And Intensive Dairy Farms,
2023
Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Denmark
White Clover Soil Fatigue: An Establishment Problem On Large And Intensive Dairy Farms, K. Søegaard, K. Møller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In recent years a new constraint, clover soil fatigue, has appeared for the establishment of white clover (Trifolium repens) in Denmark. Increasing dairy farm size has led to more intensive use of clover in crop rotation schemes in the grazing areas located at convenient distances from stables. It has become common practice to establish new clover/grass in the fields just after ploughing clover/grass swards, and soil fatigue is becoming more common. On fatigued land the clover plants emerge, then become stunted and eventually disappear within the same year. The problem tends to cover the full field area. Obviously, …
Effect Of Farm Grass Cover At Turnout On The Grazing Management Of Spring Calving Dairy Cows,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
Effect Of Farm Grass Cover At Turnout On The Grazing Management Of Spring Calving Dairy Cows, M. O'Donovan, L. Delaby, P. Defrance
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Early spring grazing is an objective for most Irish dairy farmers. If more grass is included in the diet of the cow in early lactation, the profitability of the farm system can be increased. Post turnout, dairy cow feeding management varies with the amount of farm grass cover (FC) available. Experiments on the consequences of different FC at turnout require large resources and all scenarios cannot be accounted for. Consequently, a decision support system, Pâtur’IN (Delaby et al., this volume), was used to describe the effects of various FC at turnout on grazing management in spring.
What Supplementation Type For Spring Calving Dairy Cows At Grass In Autumn?,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
What Supplementation Type For Spring Calving Dairy Cows At Grass In Autumn?, M. O'Donovan, E. Kennedy, T. Guinee, J. J. Murphy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In spring-calving herds the requirement for conserved forages for indoor feeding is very limited but these feeds may have a role to play as buffer feeds in the spring and autumn periods when grass supply is less than required or as alternatives to concentrates on pasture for cows in early lactation. The objective of this experiment was to compare alternative forages and concentrates as buffer feeds on pasture with spring-calving cows in the autumn.
Manipulation Of Grass Growth Through Strategic Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertilisation,
2023
Swiss College of Agriculture, Switzerland
Manipulation Of Grass Growth Through Strategic Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertilisation, M. Stettler, P. Thomet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate possibilities and limits of manipulating the grass growth of pastures by different nitrogen (N) application strategies with the aim to better synchronise grass supply and feed demand. In Switzerland, the use of N is strongly restricted by legislation. An efficient and well allocated N fertilisation is therefore important.
A Comparison Of Three Systems Of Milk Production With Different Land Use Strategies,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
A Comparison Of Three Systems Of Milk Production With Different Land Use Strategies, L. Shalloo, P. Dillon, J. J. Murphy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under the Luxemburg agreement FAPRI-Ireland (Breen & Hennessey 2003) projects that milk price will decrease by 5.0 to 5.5 c/l because of reductions in support for butter and skimmed milk powder. These changes mean that many dairy farmers need to reappraise their systems of milk production and consider necessary adjustments that will ensure viability in the longer term. The objective of this study was to model three different systems of milk production in scenarios where quota, cow numbers or land was restricted.
Project Opti-Milk: Optimisation And Comparison Of High Yield And Low Input Milk Production Strategies On Pilot Farms In The Lowlands Of Switzerland,
2023
Swiss College of Agriculture, Switzerland
Project Opti-Milk: Optimisation And Comparison Of High Yield And Low Input Milk Production Strategies On Pilot Farms In The Lowlands Of Switzerland, H. Menzi, T. Blaettler, P. Thomet, B. Durgiai, S. Kohler, R. Staehli, R. Mueller, P. Kunz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Compared to other European countries milk production costs in Switzerland are high. Therefore Swiss milk producers must drastically reduce their costs. The high yield strategy (HY) and the full grazing (FG) or low-cost strategy appear most promising, at least for the lowland regions. Although the basic knowledge is available for both strategies, they have been applied very little in Switzerland in a consistent and optimised form.
Assessment Of Grass Production And Efficiency Of Utilisation On Three Northern Ireland Dairy Farms,
2023
Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland
Assessment Of Grass Production And Efficiency Of Utilisation On Three Northern Ireland Dairy Farms, A. J. Dale, P. D. Barrett, C. S. Mayne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Recent research has shown that grazed grass can be an expensive forage for milk production, particularly if herbage production is low or utilisation is inefficient. There is very limited data on the level of herbage grown and utilised on commercial farms. The objective of this project was to quantify grass production and efficiency of utilisation on farm to substantiate the potential of grazed grass for profitable milk production.
The Effect Of Grassland Management On Bovine Nitrogen Efficiency,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
The Effect Of Grassland Management On Bovine Nitrogen Efficiency, N. J. Hoekstra, R. P. O. Schulte, E. A. Lantinga, P. C. Struik
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Nitrogen (N) losses through grazing bovines are at the heart of the current debate on environment and agriculture. N utilisation of grazing bovines is predominantly determined by the form and amount of energy and protein in their diet, which in Ireland consists mainly of grazed grass. The two main problems of grazed grass with respect to animal N utilisation are 1) the imbalance between total N content and energy content, and 2) the lack of synchronisation between the release of N and carbohydrates in the rumen. It was hypothesised that both the balance and synchronisation of N and energy in …
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Initial Grass Height On Herbage Production And Utilization, And Milk Production Per Unit Area Under Set Stocking By Lactating Dairy Cows,
2023
Hokkaido University, Japan
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Initial Grass Height On Herbage Production And Utilization, And Milk Production Per Unit Area Under Set Stocking By Lactating Dairy Cows, H. Nakatsuji, T. Endo, S. Bawm, T. Mitani, M. Takahashi, K. Ueda, S. Kondo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In our previous study with lactating dairy cows (Nakatsuji et al., 2004), annual herbage production and utilization, and milk production per unit area under set stocking was not always lower than under rotational grazing at the same stocking rate (6 cows/ha). Furthermore, there was a possibility that set stocking could increase pasture utilization and milk production over rotational grazing when cows were grazed at adequate stocking rate and at the appropriate initial date of grazing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of stocking rate and initial grass height on herbage production and utilization, and …
Better Dairy Farm Management Increases The Economic Return From Phosphorus,
2023
AgResearch, New Zealand
Better Dairy Farm Management Increases The Economic Return From Phosphorus, J. D. Morton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Some 60% of New Zealand dairy farms on allophanic and sedimentary soils have soil Olsen phosphorus (P) levels to 75 mm depth above the target range for near-maximum pasture production of 20-30 µg/ml (Roberts & Morton 1999). For an economic response in milksolids (MS) production from high Olsen P, the pasture needs to be capable of high production, and the extra pasture grown be converted to milk. This paper seeks to justify this contention and outline some of the farm management practices required to achieve it.
The Effect Of Two Magnesium Fertilisers, Kieserite And Mgo, On Herbage Mg Content,
2023
AgResearch, New Zealand
The Effect Of Two Magnesium Fertilisers, Kieserite And Mgo, On Herbage Mg Content, M. B. O'Connor, A. H. C. Roberts, R. Haerdter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Supplementing Mg to dairy cows is widely practised in New Zealand. Various methods are used including drenching, pasture dusting, water trough treatment and adding to hay, silage and other feedstuffs (Young et al., 1979). Fertiliser Mg (calcined magnesite, MgO) is widely used to maintain soil Mg status but research has shown that using fertiliser Mg to achieve good soil, pasture and animal Mg status requires large inputs of Mg (120 kg/ha) and maintaining blood serum Mg status in dairy cows tends to be short-lived without further animal supplementation (O’Connor et al., 1987). The objective of these experiments was …
The Effect Of Closing Date And Type Of Utilisation In Autumn On Grass Yield In Spring,
2023
Agroscope, Switserland
The Effect Of Closing Date And Type Of Utilisation In Autumn On Grass Yield In Spring, E. Mosimann, M. Lobsiger, C. Hofer, B. Jeangros, A. Lüscher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Due to the low cost of grazed grass, most dairy farmers extend the grazing period in autumn. However, delaying the closing date may reduce the grass yield in the following spring (Roche et al., 1996; O’Donovan et al., 2002). The objective of this experiment, conducted in the Swiss lowlands, was to quantify the effects of closing date and type of utilisation in autumn on grass yield in the following spring.
Field Testing Of A Turnip Growing Protocol On New Zealand Dairy Farms,
2023
AgResearch Ruakura, New Zealand
Field Testing Of A Turnip Growing Protocol On New Zealand Dairy Farms, J. P. J. Eerens, P. M. S. Lane
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Summer droughts are a regular occurrence in central North Island districts of New Zealand, which causes pastures to wilt, lose their nutritive value and stop growing. The resulting summer feed gap depresses farm productivity (Clark et al., 1996). Turnips optimally sown mid-late October (more often sown in November or even December) are grown to fill this feed gap. Recorded average yields of 7.4 t dry matter (DM)/ha are below the economic breakeven point of 8-10 t DM/ha (Clark et al., 1996). A turnip growing protocol was developed from published data (Eerens & Lane 2004) and tested on commercial …
Effect Of Different Phosphorous Sources And Levels On The Productive Behaviour Of A Lotus Pedunculatus Cv. Grasslands Maku Oversown Pasture,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Effect Of Different Phosphorous Sources And Levels On The Productive Behaviour Of A Lotus Pedunculatus Cv. Grasslands Maku Oversown Pasture, R. E. Bermúdez, W. Ayala
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The organic meat production protocol of Uruguay (INAC, 2003) requires that the animals graze pastures that receive no chemical fertilisers. The oversown legume pastures in Uruguay used to be fertilised with soluble phosphorous (P) sources that are not accepted by the protocol. The relative efficiency of different P sources would be useful data for farmers. This information is not available for the acid soils of the eastern region of Uruguay. Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku is one of the most adapted legumes to be included in this type of pasture, as the sown area has increased in the last few …
Labour Input Associated With Grassland Management On Irish Dairy Farms,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
Labour Input Associated With Grassland Management On Irish Dairy Farms, B. O'Brien, K. O'Donovan, J. Kinsella, D. Ruane, D. Gleeson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The issues of labour and work organisation (working hours, working conditions) must be seriously addressed on Irish dairy farms if dairy farming is to have a viable future. The objective of this study was to quantify the annual labour input per cow on Irish dairy farms, with a specific focus on the task of grassland management, and to establish monthly patterns of labour utilisation over a two-year period for a range of herd sizes.
