The Effect Of Harvest Techniques On Yield, Botanical Composition And Soil Structure In An Organic Clover Grass Sward,
2024
Norwegian Centre for Ecological Agriculture
The Effect Of Harvest Techniques On Yield, Botanical Composition And Soil Structure In An Organic Clover Grass Sward, M Lund
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objectives of this study were to find out if lighter machines with less number of wheel-passes are favourable for harvesting grassland under wet conditions. A field trial on an ecological experimental farm in Norway was performed with two different mechanization systems. One was a conventional mechanization system with reduced ground pressure tractor driving a forage harvester and grass trailers, and one less wheeling system with reduced ground pressure where a two-wheel tractor with a mower was putting the grass in a swath and a self loading trailer was picking the swath up. The field work was carried out as …
Symbiotic Potential And N Returns In Forage And Grain Legumes For Improving The N Economy Of Tropical Cropping Systems,
2024
University of Cape Town
Symbiotic Potential And N Returns In Forage And Grain Legumes For Improving The N Economy Of Tropical Cropping Systems, F D. Dakora, J A. Abdogoba
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There were marked cultivar and species differences in the amounts of N fixed and potential N returns in five forage legumes and ten groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars evaluated for symbiotic performance in both Guinea and Sahel savanna environments. Of the forage legumes, the Crotalaria and Lablab species accumulated greater symbiotic N and therefore showed higher potential N returns for improving the N economy of soils in both Guinea and Sahel savanna in Africa. However, Lablab appeared to be better adapted to the drier Sahel environment compared to the other species. When nutrient imbalances in the Guinea savanna soil …
Integration Of Forage Legumes Into Maize/Elephant Grass Systems For Dairy Farming,
2024
Makerere University
Integration Of Forage Legumes Into Maize/Elephant Grass Systems For Dairy Farming, E N. Sabiiti, J S. Mugerwa, P Ngategize, G Kyeyune
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The livestock sector contributes about 30% of the total value of agricultural production but the sector does not meet the demand for milk. Currently, there is serious migration of the rural population to urban centres and this will lead to high demand for milk and milk products. Therefore, the development of peri-urban dairy production by the small scale farmers appears a promising option to solve the problems of malnutrition, increase household incomes and improve the quality of life of these farmers. The dominant production system practised is zero-grazing using improved dairy breeds and feeding elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) …
Compatibility Of Stylosanthes Hamata And Stylosanthes Capitata In Mixed Pastures In The Subhumid Zone Of Nigeria,
2024
ILRI/IITA
Compatibility Of Stylosanthes Hamata And Stylosanthes Capitata In Mixed Pastures In The Subhumid Zone Of Nigeria, G Tarawali, M Peters
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The forage productivity of sole plots of Stylosanthes capitata and Stylosanthes hamata in comparison with various proportional mixtures of the two legumes and their effect on soil properties and subsequent maize yield were studied in subhumid Nigeria. Dry matter (DM) yields in the mixtures were higher than in the sole stands, with the mixtures of S. hamata and S. capitata reaching 11959 to 14822 kg/ha over a three year period. Total nitrogen and/or organic carbon concentrations in the soil following the three years of legume were higher in the mixtures than in the sole stands, and this resulted in higher …
Corn Silage In Sustainable And Conventional Systems For Finishing Beef Cattle,
2024
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Corn Silage In Sustainable And Conventional Systems For Finishing Beef Cattle, J P. Fontenot, V G. Allen, L L. Scott, D H. Vaughan, C A. Laub, D B. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of the research was to compare finishing beef steers on high corn (Zea mays L.) silage diets in which the corn was produced under conventional and sustainable systems. The conventional corn forage was produced on a given area for 5 yr, using conventional practices, alternating with 5 yr of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) The sustainable system corn forage was produced in a 4-yr rotation with small grain cover crops and legumes, in which corn was grown in a given area once every 4 yr. Input of pesticides was less for the sustainable system. Steers were fed …
Hardseededness Under Field Conditions Of Medicago Polymorpha During Five Softening Seasons In The Mediterranean Zone Of Chile, J Avendano, A Del Pozo, C Ovalle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The long term seed softening of burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) was studied in the field in a mediterranean environment in Chile. Burrs were collected in March of 1988, 1989, 1990 and 1991 (collecting years), and placed in the field either on the surface or buried at 1 cm depth. Field germination was recorded regularly and the remaining non-germinated seeds were tested for germination in the laboratory during 4 years. The percentage of soft seeds on soil surface burrs was on average 3.2% (mean of 4 collecting years) after the first summer in the field, and reached 83% after …
Forage Production In The Rice Fields During Dry Season Ryegrass, White Clover And Oats,
2024
FIFAManor
Forage Production In The Rice Fields During Dry Season Ryegrass, White Clover And Oats, A S. Raveloson, E Haraldseide
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the highland of Madagascar, lack of good forage is very acute during the dry and cool season. The cultivation of temperate forage in rice fields under irrigation is practised by farmers to feed dairycattle. The main forages which are cultivated are oats (Avena sativa), Italian rye grass (Lolium multiflorum) and white clover (. Under experimental conditions rye grass has given the highest yield, but every species have their particularities, which can be useful in forage production. Three varieties of each species were studied in 1993 and 1994. Experiments were carried at five sites in the winter …
Annual Legumes For Cropping Systems Of The North Central Usa,
2024
Michigan State University
Annual Legumes For Cropping Systems Of The North Central Usa, O B. Hesterman, A Shrestha, J W. Fisk, J M. Squire, P Jeranyama, C C. Sheaffer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
On-farm and on-station research on the use of annual legumes in cropping systems was initiated in 1992 in Michigan. Research included studies on nitrogen dynamics, weed suppression ability, forage potential, utility as a cover crop, and optimum planting dates of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn. cv. Mogul), burr medic (M. polymorpha L. cv. Santiago), snail medic (M. scutellata L. cv. Sava), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Nitrogen fertilizer replacement values (FRV) up to 76 kg ha-1 were obtained where either corn or canola followed annual legumes in rotation. The optimum seeding time of medics in …
Arachis Pintoi: A Multipurpose Legume For Sustainable Land Use,
2024
CIAT
Arachis Pintoi: A Multipurpose Legume For Sustainable Land Use, P J. Argel, P C. Kerridge, E A. Pizarro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial peanut (A. pintoi) is a multiple-use tropical legume that can be used in association with a grass or as a cover crop in tree plantations. As a forage plant it has high forage quality and persistence under heavy grazing. As a cover crop and for erosion control it forms a dense cover under shade, excludes weeds and contributes to soil improvement.
Impacts Of Grazed Pastures On Soil Water And Nitrogen Status In Cropping Systems,
2024
CSIRO
Impacts Of Grazed Pastures On Soil Water And Nitrogen Status In Cropping Systems, J A. Baldlock, W D. Bellotti, A D. Moore, I Yunusa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In southern Australia pastures precede wheat in many rotations. In recent years the quality (legume content) of many pastures has declined and the value of pastures in rotation with cereals has been questioned. This research aims to develop a more complete understanding of the impact of pastures on crop production through greater knowledge of the below ground processes of soil water and soil inorganic nitrogen. In this study, the impacts of annual barley grass (Hordium leporinum) and barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) pastures on soil water and inorganic nitrogen status at the start of a subsequent wheat growing season were investigated …
Rhizoma Peanut Based Cropping Systems For Dairy Effluent Spray Fields,
2024
University of Florida
Rhizoma Peanut Based Cropping Systems For Dairy Effluent Spray Fields, E C. French, K R. Woodard, D A. Graetz, G M. Prine, H H. Van Horn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cropping schemes that efficiently utilize nutrients applied in dairy waste effluent sprayfields is needed to avoid ground water contamination. Three 12 month cropping systems were grown under dairy waste effluent irrigation: 1) corn-forage sorghum-rye (C-FSR), 2) corn-rhizoma peanut-rye (C-RP-R), and 3) rhizoma peanutrye (RP-R). With an effluent N loading rate of 403 kg ha-1 yr-1, 2-yr mean DM yield was 30.7 Mg ha-1 yr-1 for the C-FS-R system, 26.2 for C-RP-R, and 17.9 for RP-R. Nitrogen concentration for C and FS ranged from 9 to 14 g kg-1 while RP ranged from 24 to 35. The higher N concentration in …
A Model To Determine The Optimum Forage Combination And Level Of Concentrate For Dairy Cows,
2024
INIA
A Model To Determine The Optimum Forage Combination And Level Of Concentrate For Dairy Cows, E Jahn, G Gutierrez, R Velasco, M Silva
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model was developed to simulate a milk production system. The program determines the milk production based on energy nutrition, calving date, cow potential and defines grazing sequence and harvesting dates. It can simulate different stocking rates, paddock sizes, levels of production according to pasture quality, seasonal production and concentrate intake. The output of the model is used for an economical analysis which evaluates costs and returns; for some of the most sensitives factors that affect economic returns like prices of milk and concentrate, pasture production and others. The program makes an analysis of sensitivity where these factors are varied …
Yield Decrease Of Corn Sown Into Italian Ryegrass By Minimum Tillage,
2024
Kyushu National Agriculture Experiment Station
Yield Decrease Of Corn Sown Into Italian Ryegrass By Minimum Tillage, R Kobayaski, K Tateno, S Sato
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to determine the factor causing yield decrease of corn (Zea mays L.) sown into Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) by minimum tillage. 5 plots with 2 replications were made, consisting of the number of harvest times of Italian ryegrass, tillage system, and herbicide application. They were 1CT (Italian ryegrass was harvested once/conventional tillage), 1MT (once/minimum tillage), 1MTH (once/MT/herbicide), 2CT (twice/ CT), and 2MT (twice/MT). 1MT produced lowest corn yield and highest Italian ryegrass litter. This observation suggested that corn yield decrease was attributed to competition with Italian ryegrass regrowth. NAR in 1MT …
Small Grains In Cropping Systems To The Brazilian Southern Regions,
2024
EMBRAPA
Small Grains In Cropping Systems To The Brazilian Southern Regions, R S. Fontanelo, L De J.A Del Duca, R S. Fontaneli
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Winter cereals genotypes (oats, wheat, rye, barley, and triticale) were evaluated for forage and grain yield at the experimental area of the Wheat National Research Center (EMBRAPA/CNPT) and Agronomy College of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF/FA), in Passo Fundo, RS state, southern Brazil, during the years 1992-94. Three cutting frequencies were applied: no cutting, one and two cuttings. A completely random block design with split-plots and three replicates was used. The crops were established under conventional tillage. The fertilization was 200- 300 kg/ha 5-25-25 , plus 22.5-30.0 kg/ha of N (urea) during tiller period (before 45 days after planting …
Quantifying The Effect Of Grasses On Soil Physical Quality Of Fine Sandy Loams In Prince Edward Island,
2024
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Quantifying The Effect Of Grasses On Soil Physical Quality Of Fine Sandy Loams In Prince Edward Island, M R. Carter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasses are considered to be beneficial for soil structure but little quantifiable data is available. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil pore size distribution of a fine sandy loam under long-term perennial grass, compared to an adjacent cultivated area, in Prince Edward Island. Differentiating soil porosity into functional classes important to root growth, based on pore size, indicated that the soil structural form under timothy (Phleum pratense L.) was superior than that developed under continuous cultivation. Under timothy, the volume of soil pores > 9 mm were generally greater, over the 8 to 24 cm soil …
Annual Legumes In Small Grain Production Systems,
2024
Oregon State University
Annual Legumes In Small Grain Production Systems, R L. Dovel, M Bohle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Oats were interseeded with a number of annual legumes and monitored for forage production in 1994 and 1995. Forage was harvested when oat plants reached the soft dough stage. Subsamples were collected and analyzed for forage quality, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and relative feed. Fall herbage production was also monitored. Interseeding an annual legume into oat hay did not increase forage yield. When averaged over two-years, only Austrian winter peas and Maple peas produced significantly higher CP levels than the non-interseeded control. Similarly, only Austrian winter peas produced significantly higher RFV and lower …
Extending The Grazing Season With Mixtures Of Spring-Planted Spring And Winter Cereals,
2024
Agriclture and AgriFood Canada
Extending The Grazing Season With Mixtures Of Spring-Planted Spring And Winter Cereals, V S. Baron, D F. Salmon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of the study was to extend the grazing season into the fall using crop-combinations of spring-planted spring and winter cereals. Treatments established at Lacombe, Alberta, Canada were spring oat (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) monocrops (SMC), spring-planted winter wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) monocrops (WMC), spring and winter cereal binary mixtures seeded together in the spring (MX) and the winter cereal seeded after the first clipping of the spring cereal (double crop-DC). Clippings were carried out at 4 to 6 wk intervals after the initial cut (Boot …
Long Term Benefits Of Diversified Forage-Oriented Cropping Systems As Compared To Rotations Based Mainly On Cereals Or Maize,
2024
Swiss Federal Research Station for Agro-Ecology and Agriculture
Long Term Benefits Of Diversified Forage-Oriented Cropping Systems As Compared To Rotations Based Mainly On Cereals Or Maize, E Meister, V Mediavilla, P Weisskopf
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this study is to assess the long term effects of a forageoriented, versus a maize- and a cereal-oriented crop rotation on the yield potential and soil fertility, as well as the weed, disease and pest development. We report the results after four cropping cycles using silage maize (Zea mays L.) in 1994 and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 1995 as reference crops for all three rotations. Two years of a grass-clover mixture in a five-year rotation showed positive effects with respect to most soil and plant parameters.
Rotational Cropping Introducing Tama Ryegrass Renge, (Astragalus Sinicus), Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Var Tecnus) And Horse Bean (Vicia Faba) In Paddy Field,
2024
Kawase Grassland Research Institute
Rotational Cropping Introducing Tama Ryegrass Renge, (Astragalus Sinicus), Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Var Tecnus) And Horse Bean (Vicia Faba) In Paddy Field, T I. Kawase
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The author was successful in introducing Tama Rye grass mixed with Renge by surface sowing just after the harvest of rice in paddy fields (in dried up condition). The grasses were cut 3-4 cm long, spread between young plants of rice after transplanting and the paddy field filled with water. Then the grasses covered well for depressing weed growth and contributed as green manures. The author was also successful in introducing grasses in rice fields and producing pumpkin or corn then horse beans in paddy fields after they dried up. This rotational cropping of grass -rice- corn or pumpkin and …
Multiple Uses Of Tropical Forage Legumes For Sustainable Farming In The Moist Savannas Of Africa,
2024
Universitat, Hohenheim
Multiple Uses Of Tropical Forage Legumes For Sustainable Farming In The Moist Savannas Of Africa, L Muhr, S A. Tarawali, M Peters, U Merkel, R Schultze-Kraft, D Berner
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ensuring that farming in the moist savannas of Africa is maintained, despite increasing population pressure and agricultural demands, necessitates the sustainable integration of crop and livestock enterprises; a role that forage legumes can fulfill. The potential of eleven herbaceous and two shrubby species of forage legumes in an improved fallow or ley-farming system to provide dry season fodder and beneficial effects to a subsequent cereal crop were investigated. Fodder dry matter yields were highest for Stylosanthes guianensis (9.9 t/ha), Centrosema pubescens, and Aeschynomene histrix. Maize yield following S. guianensis was 138% higher than after natural fallow. Similar increases were …
