Improved Grazing Systems For Lamb Production On Appalachian Hill Farms,
2024
West Virginia University
Improved Grazing Systems For Lamb Production On Appalachian Hill Farms, R L. Reid, J R. Puoli, G A. Jung, D P. Belesky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improved grazing methods were tested to increase lamb outputs per ha from Appalachian hill farms. Components of a grazing system were cool-season grass [tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Brom us willdenowii Kunth)J or grasslegume [Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)•red clover (Trifolium pralense L.)] pastures in spring and early autumn, warm-season grass [switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.)] in summer, and brassicas in late autumn and early winter. Matua was highly productive in cool weather but was subject to fungal infection and grazing ewes had low Mg status in spring. Rotationally grazed switchgrass maintained high numbers …
Use Of Brassica Forage Crops To Extend The Grazing Season In The North-East Usa,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Use Of Brassica Forage Crops To Extend The Grazing Season In The North-East Usa, G A. Jung, H W. Harpster, M G. Lambert, K T. Leath, R A. Byers
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage turnip (Brassica rapa L,) can be made available for animal utilisation in late summer or In late autumn-early winter, when coolseason grass pastures have a low animal carrying capacity. field trials were conducted to identify and quantify factors that influence turnip yield in December or January and to determine whether these factors affect turnip cultivars similarly. Different levels of production in late autumn-winter were attributed to summer drought, foliar diseases, freezing temperatures and rate of leaf senescence. In all instances, the effects of these factors varied with turnip cultivar. However, cultivar ranking generally was the same whether mean …
Interactions Of Rotational And Continuous Grazing With Stocking Rate On Warm And Cool-Season Pastures,
2024
Auburn University
Interactions Of Rotational And Continuous Grazing With Stocking Rate On Warm And Cool-Season Pastures, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With more intense commercialisation of electric fencing many production and economic advantages have been claimed for rotational grazing compared with continuous grazing. However, very little research data are available from the south-eastern USA to verify these claims, Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate animal performance under conditions of continuous and IO-paddock rotational grazing on cool- and warm-season pastures commonly used in this region. Three 2-year grazing experiments were conducted, one each on a mixed rye-annual ryegrass (Secale cereale-Lolium multiflorum) pasture, Coastal bermudagrass ( Cynodon hybrid) and Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum). In each experiment continuous …
Integrating Pasture Technology Research With Farm Management,
2024
QDPI
Integrating Pasture Technology Research With Farm Management, R T. Cowan, T M. Davison, K F. Lowe, G K. Reason, G D. Chopping
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An applied research programme which involved farmers in a continuum of trials measuring pasture, soil and milk responses to the application of nitrogen fertiliser to tropical grasses is described. Pasture responses were consistent across farms, grass species and, within limits, rainfall zones and soil types. Soil pH declined by 0.03 lo 0.2 units each year. Additional milk production ranged from 4 to 14 I/kg nitrogen, the response being greater at lower levels of application. Results from farm and research station experiments were consistent. The high adoption rate, reaching 68% in 6 years, was ' attributed to the integration of farm …
Hay Supplementation And Stocking Rate Effects On Live Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing Rye And Ryegrass,
2024
Auburn University
Hay Supplementation And Stocking Rate Effects On Live Weight Gain Of Steers Grazing Rye And Ryegrass, Susan E. Sladden, David I. Bransby
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of this study was to evaluate continuous ad lib. supplementation of hay as a means of compensating for the uneven growth distribution of rye (Secale cereale) and ryegrass pastures (Lolium multiflorum) grazed by steers in the south-eastern USA. Pastures were continuously grazed by 230 to 270 kg steers at stocking rates of 2.5, 3.1, 4.1 and 4.9 head/ha with and without hay supplementation for 2 grazing seasons. On average, average daily live-weight gain (ADO) at the highest stocking rate (4.9 steers/ha) was 0.47 kg higher (P<0.01) when hay supplement was provided. Although not significant, in both years ADO tended to be higher for h_ay supplementation even at low stocking rates .
Improved Pasture Species, Fertilizer And Pasture Use To Increase The Productivity Of Wool Sheep In South-Western Victoria,
2024
Department of Food and Agriculture
Improved Pasture Species, Fertilizer And Pasture Use To Increase The Productivity Of Wool Sheep In South-Western Victoria, G R. Saul, D Jowett, T Morgan, P Noble, D Borg
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures were upgraded by sowing perennial grasses and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterranum) and applying fertiliser to paddocks on S farms in the wool sheep region of south-western Victoria. Upgraded pastures were stocked at higher rates to ensure utilisation of feed grown. In the third year after sowing, wool production was increased by 56% (35 v. SS kg/ha), and ewe live weights by 4% (49.4 v. 51.4 kg) from upgraded pastures compared with untreated pastures. The results demonstrate the considerable potential to increase output from sheep farms in the region by upgrading pastures. Poor persistence of sown perennial grasses may …
System Research: Preliminary Results From A Farmlet Comparison Between A Biological And Conventional Sheep And Beef System,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
System Research: Preliminary Results From A Farmlet Comparison Between A Biological And Conventional Sheep And Beef System, A D. Mackay, D I. Gray, I M. Brookes, P J. Budding, B Devantier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Initial findings of a farm let study comparing biological (agrochemical free) and conventional sheep and beef production are presented and discussed. Little difference was found in sheep production between the two systems in 1991-92, despite large differences in the level of internal parasitism, particularly in young sheep. In contrast! growth rates of rising 1 year steers and heifers on the conventional unit were superior to those of the biological farmlet throughout spring and summer of the first year. While a reduction in the use of anthelmintic drench would have little impact on the productivity of sheep systems, the productivity of …
A Management System For The Planning, Implementation, And Monitoring And Evaluation Of Farmlet Trials,
2024
Massey University
A Management System For The Planning, Implementation, And Monitoring And Evaluation Of Farmlet Trials, D I. Gray, A D. Mackay, P J. Budding, I M. Brookes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A management system used to operate the farmlet component of a farm· systems research programme investigating biological sheep and beef production is described and the advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed,
Economics Of Milk Production From Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars With Different Seasonal Growth Patterns,
2024
Massey University
Economics Of Milk Production From Perennial Ryegrass Cultivars With Different Seasonal Growth Patterns, I M. Brookes, A F. Mcrae, D I. Gray, N Cameron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cutting trials at 4 sites throughout New Zealand over 2 years with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) cultivars showed that Bmbassy (B) produeed similar annual dry matter (DM) yields to Supernui (S) and Yatsyn (Y). However, B grew 10% more DM in January-August, but 5% less DM in September-December. The economic value of these diffecent patterns of growth for milk production was assessed using a computer model. The model constrained pasture covers within specified limits by removing excess feed for conservation and adding additional feed as supplements during periods of deficit. Stocking rates needed to maintain the system in equilibrium …
Effect Of Sward Surgace Height On Herbage Intake, Grazing Behavior And Productivity Of Ewes Lambing In June (Winter) Or August (Spring),
2024
Massey University
Effect Of Sward Surgace Height On Herbage Intake, Grazing Behavior And Productivity Of Ewes Lambing In June (Winter) Or August (Spring), S T. Morris, W J. Parker, H T. Blair, S N. Mccutcheon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage organic mailer intakes (OMI) were measured, using chromic oxide capsules, during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy in ewes due to lamb in June (winter) or August (spring). OM! (averaged across lambing date groups) were 1.4±0.1, 1.8±0.1, 1.8±0.1 and 2.0±0.1 kg OM/ewe/day (mcan±s.e.m. P<0.05) in ewes maintained at sward surface heights (SSH) of 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm respectively. There were no differences in OM! between June- and August-lambing ewes from pregnancy day 122 to day 125 (Pl22-Pl25), but between Pl35 and 139 June-lambing ewes had lower OMI than August-lambing ewes (1.5±0.1 v. 1.7±0.1 kg OM/ewe/day (P<0.05)). Live-weight gain of ewes was lowest on the 20 mm sward and highest on the 80 mm sward (157±34 v. 315±31 g/day, P<0.05). SSH had no effect on lamb birth weight. Preliminary data presented here suggest that, at the same SSH, June-lambing pregnant ewes can achieve OMI similar to those of August-Jambers.
Seasonal Herbage Intake Of Once-Bred Heifers,
2024
Massey University
Seasonal Herbage Intake Of Once-Bred Heifers, A A. Khadem, S T. Morris, W J. Parker, R W. Purchas, S N. Mccutcheon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Once-bred heifer (ODH) beef production systems, which are new to New Zealand, involve mating heifers at 15 months of age to cnlve as 2-year-olds and then slaughtering the heifers (at less than 30 months of age) as prime beef. Never-pregnant, pregnant and lactating Hereford x Friesian heifers were used in 4 experiments. There were no significant differences between pregnant (days 260-270 of pregnancy) and never-pregnant heifers in their herbage organic matter intake (OMI), ingestive behaviour or daily live-weight gain (LWG) when a restricted pasture allowance of 7 kg DM/head/day was offered. Heifers at days 50-60 of lactation and never-pregnant heifers …
A Response Of Angora-Type Goats To Increases Of Legume And Chicory Content In Mixed Pastures,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
A Response Of Angora-Type Goats To Increases Of Legume And Chicory Content In Mixed Pastures, D R. Stevens, M J. Casey, G S. Baxter, K B. Miller
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Live-weight gain of angora-type year-old wethcr goats in the spring and summer of 2 years was compared with the total legume and chicory content of 9 different grass, legume, chicory ( Cichorium intybus) mixtures. These pastures were grown in a cool moist temperate climate on fertile silt loam soil. The goats were held on a self• contained rotationally grazed system on each pasture type, leaving a post-grazing residual height of 10 cm. The live-weight gain of the goats responded quadratically to increasing legume and chicory content in both spring and summer. Live-weight gain was optimised when approximately 40% of …
Effects Of Increasing Stocking Rate And Feeding Maize Silage On Live-Weight Gain And Pasture Utilization By Beef Cattle In Southern Australia,
2024
Kyabram Research Centre
Effects Of Increasing Stocking Rate And Feeding Maize Silage On Live-Weight Gain And Pasture Utilization By Beef Cattle In Southern Australia, W J. Wales, J B. Moran
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Two systems of grazing management were compared in 3 trials conducted on annual or irrigated perennial pastures over different seasons in northern Victoria, Steers grazed either at low stocking rates or at high stocking rates together with maize silage feeding, The more intensely grazed steers grew faster on autumn perennial pastures but at similar rates to steers at low stocking rates on winterspring annual and on spring perennial pastures, Higher stocking rates increased live-weight gain per ha by 90% on winter-spring annual pastures, 101% on autumn perennial pastures and 53% on spring perennial pastures. This was associated with improvements in …
Signigicance Of Grasslands In Emission And Absorption Of Greenhouse Gases,
2024
National Institute Agro-Environmental Sciences
Signigicance Of Grasslands In Emission And Absorption Of Greenhouse Gases, K Minami, J Goudriaan, E A. Lantinga, T Kimura
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grasslands account for about 20% of lhe terrestrial CO2 fluxes of the global carbon cycle. They have a similar share in global soil organic carbon, Grasslands are likely to contribute to a global biotic carbon sequestration, reducing the rate of increase of atmospheric CO2. Methane (CH4) uptake rates and nitrous oxide (N20) emissions are given for established grassland and neighbouring forest-floor soils in Japan. Under aerobic conditions grassland and forest soils act as a sink for atmospheric CH4.The global terrestrial uptake rate for CH4 is estimated to range between 7 and 78 Tg CH4 per year. The sink strength of …
Implications For Grasslands Of The Response To Climate Change By The World Food System,
2024
University of Oxford
Implications For Grasslands Of The Response To Climate Change By The World Food System, Martin Parry, Cynthia Rosenzweig
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A recent and preliminary assessment of the sensitivity of the world food trade to climate change has indicated the following: Assuming {unrealistically} no adjustments in inputs, global food grains production in 2060 is estimated to be reduced by l-7% from the level that would be expected under a future without climate change. Food prices, including feedstock prices, are estimated lo be increased as a consequence, The implications of lhese changes for grassland production systems are considered. Two broad types of adjustmenls in inputs can be envisaged: firstly, on-farm responses of crop type and management and, secondly, national and international policy …
Defining Gcte Modelling Needs For Pastures And Rangelands,
2024
AgResearch, NZ
Defining Gcte Modelling Needs For Pastures And Rangelands, Bruce Campbell, Mark Stafford Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A short workshop was held at the Climate Change session of the XVII International Grassland Congress (JGC - New Zealand, February 1993) under the auspices of the Internntional Geosphere-B iosphere Programme (IGBP) Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem (GCTE) core project. The workshop was chaired by the Head of IGBP-GCTE, Dr Brian Walker, and was attended by 50 people. This report outlines discussions from the workshop and is supplemented with material from the GCTE Operational Plan and some other sources, and comments from other researchers unable to attend the workshop. Draft workplans for modelling pastures and rangelands under GCTE have been …
Genetics Of Fibre Degradation In The Rumen, Particularly In Relation To Anaerobic Fungi, And Its Modification By Recombinant Dna Technology, C G. Orpin, G Xue
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A number of rumen bacteria, fungi and protozoa are involved in fibre digestion in the rumen. Recombinant DNA technology bas allowed the isolation and characterisation of key genes coding for several enzymes involved in fibre degradation. The main species that have been examined are the bacteria Ruminococcus spp., Fibrobacter succinogenes and the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum. Genes coding for endo--1,4-glucanases and xylanase are common amongst all these organisms, but we will concentrate on recent advances in the genetics of plant fibre digestion by N. patriciarum, which contains genes coding for relatively high level activity exo- 1,4-glucanase which may …
Molecular Basis Of Legume-Rhizobium Interactions: Potentials For Improving Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, Adam Kondorosi, Michael Schultze, Beate Hoffmann, Csaba Koncz, Laszlo Bogre, Michele Cren, Ilona Dusha, Denes Dudits, Eva Kondorosi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The establishment of nit.rogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and their plant hosls requires multiple interactions between the two pnrtners, which involves transmission of signal molecules activating gene sets controlling nodule development. Plant roots exude specific Oavonoids which can induce the expression of the nodulation (nod) genes in the appropriate bacterium partner, in conjunction with the constitutively produced activator protein NodD. Additional positive and negative regulatory factors further modulate nod gene expression and this fine tuning of 110d gene expression is required for optimal nodulation of the hosts. Some of these factors mediate the effects of some soil factors, such as (he …
Effects Of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculation, Nitrogen And Phosphorus On The Growth Of Seedlings Of Sesbania Sesban,
2024
ICRAF/ISABU
Effects Of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculation, Nitrogen And Phosphorus On The Growth Of Seedlings Of Sesbania Sesban, E Akeampong, T Mamo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the first of two pot experiments, growth of seedlings of Sesbania sesban in response to rates of P (0, 40, 120, 160 and 200 kg/ha) and of N (0 11nd 100 kg/ha) was examined. In a second trial the effect of inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus macrocarpus) and 2 levels (0 and 40 kg/hn) each of triple superphosphnte (TSP) and Egyptian rock phosphate (ERP) were studied. Response to P was linear to 80 kg/ha. Application of N improved the response of seedlings to P through enhanced P and N uptake. Application of N increased plant weight by …
Isolation Of A Multi-Functional Cellulase Cdna (Cele) From The Rumen Fungus Neocallimastix Patriciarum,
2024
CSIRO
Isolation Of A Multi-Functional Cellulase Cdna (Cele) From The Rumen Fungus Neocallimastix Patriciarum, Gang Ping Xue, K S. Gobius, C G. Orpin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A cellulase cDNA, ce/E, was isolated from a cellulose-induced cDNA library of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum by screening for hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose. In addition to its ability to hydrolyse carboxymethyl cellulose, ce/E enzyme was also able to degrade microcrystalline cellulose, methylumbelliferyl cellobioside, p-nitrophenyl cellobioside, lichenan and xylan. These data suggest that ce/E encodes a multi-functional cellulase.
