Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons^™

Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms Of Pathogenesis In The Maize Foliar Pathogen Cercospora Zeae-Maydis, Winfred-Peck Dorleku

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

GLS is a serious foliar disease of maize, a major staple crop grown commercially in the USA for both human and animal feed production, and increasingly, for ethanol production. The disease is caused by two Cercospora species, C. zeae-maydis and C. zeina, both of which infect maize in the USA and in other parts of the world, with yield losses potentially greater than 50%, depending on local conditions. In culture, C. zeae-maydis produces a phytotoxic, host non-specific perylenequinone, cercosporin, and abscisic acid (ABA), for which there is no known pathological or physiological function in the fungus. Experimental evidence indicates …

Tracking The Cellulolytic Activity Of Clostridium Thermocellum Biofilms, Alexandru Dumitrache, Gideon M. Wolfaardt, David Allen, Steven N. Liss, Lee R. Lynd

Dartmouth Scholarship

Microbial cellulose conversion by Clostridium thermocellum 27405 occurs predominantly through the activity of substrate-adherent bacteria organized in thin, primarily single cell-layered biofilms. The importance of cellulosic surface exposure to microbial hydrolysis has received little attention despite its implied impact on conversion kinetics.

Arabidopsis 56–Amino Acid Serine Palmitoyltransferase- Interacting Proteins Stimulate Sphingolipid Synthesis, Are Essential, And Affect Mycotoxin Sensitivity, Athen N. Kimberlin, Saurav Majumder, Gongshe Han, Ming Chen, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Julie M. Stone, Teresa M. Dunn, Edgar B. Cahoon

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Maintenance of sphingolipid homeostasis is critical for cell growth and programmed cell death (PCD). Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), composed of LCB1 and LCB2 subunits, catalyzes the primary regulatory point for sphingolipid synthesis. Small subunits of SPT (ssSPT) that strongly stimulate SPT activity have been identified in mammals, but the role of ssSPT in eukaryotic cells is unclear. Candidate Arabidopsis thaliana ssSPTs, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, were identified and characterized. Expression of these 56–amino acid polypeptides in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT null mutant stimulated SPT activity from the Arabidopsis LCB1/LCB2 heterodimer by >100-fold through physical interaction with LCB1/LCB2. ssSPTa transcripts were …

Nebraska Variety And Hybrid Tests: Spring Seed Guide - 2014, Teshome Regassa, Dipak Santra, Charles A. Shapiro, Greg Kruger, Bruce Anderson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Corn Hybrid Tests Summary...........3–6

Growing Degree Days and Precipitation by County Charts...........7

Corn Tables 2013 A–F.............8–11

Test Location Map.......................... 11

Corn Hybrid Tests........................12–16

Soybean Variety Tests Summary.....................17–18

Soybean Tables 2013 A–F......19–21

Soybean Variety Tests............22–23

Sunflower Variety Tests......24–28

Pea Variety Test......29

Proso Millet Variety Test .... 30

Economic Impact Assessment Of Sorghum, Millet And Other Grains Crsp: Sorghum And Millet Germplasm Development Research, Timothy J. Dalton, Yacob A. Zereyesus

INTSORMIL Scientific Publications

As a result of the offsetting effect of a rise in productivity and decline in harvested area, the world sorghum production (tonnes) has been on a horizontal trend. The combined effect of a decline in area harvested and a rise in yield productivity have resulted in an overall increase in world millet production (tonnes) trend.

During the last three decades, significant numbers of breeding lines, parental stocks, germplasm and cultivars have been released through INTSORMIL/host countries collaboration around the world. Some of the remarkable breeding success stories include the release of the first hybrid sorghum Hageen Dura (HD-1) and Striga …

The History Of Trial Gardens, Hallie Schmidt

Horticulture and Crop Science

Essay explores the history of home gardening and seed industry in America and the conditions that led to the development of the All-America Selections.

Dynamic Expression Of Imprinted Genes Associates With Maternally Controlled Nutrient Allocation During Maize Endosperm Development, Mingming Xin, Ruolin Yang, Guosheng Li, Hao Chen, John Laurie, Chuang Ma, Dongfang Wang, Yingyin Yao, Brian A. Larkins, Qixin Sun, Ramin Yadegari, Xiangfeng Wang, Zhongfu Ni

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

In angiosperms, the endosperm provides nutrients for embryogenesis and seed germination and is the primary tissue where gene imprinting occurs. To identify the imprintome of early developing maize (Zea mays) endosperm, we performed highthroughput transcriptome sequencing of whole kernels at 0, 3, and 5 d after pollination (DAP) and endosperms at 7, 10, and 15 DAP, using B73 byMo17reciprocal crosses.Weobserved gradually increased expression of paternal transcripts in 3- and 5-DAP kernels. In 7-DAP endosperm, the majority of the genes tested reached a 2:1 maternal versus paternal ratio, suggesting that paternal genes are nearly fully activated by 7 DAP. …

Mekanisme Self-Incomatibility Tipe Gametofitik Dan Sporofitik Dan Aplikasinya Dalam Pemuliaan Tanaman, Warid Ali Qosim

Jurnal Kultivasi

Self-Incomatibility (SI) is one of phenomena important on the fertile flower, but the inhibition occurs in the fertilization process, so SI caused outcrossing. The aim of this study is reveal the mechanism of self-incomatibility gametophytic and sporophytic and its application in plant breeding. The type of self-incompatibility is divided into heteromorphic and homomorphic. Type of SI heteromorphic cause a different flower structures, whereas SI homomorphic cause interaction with a single S-locus multialelic between pollen and pistil during the process of pollination and fertilization. SI heteromorphic is divided into gametophytic and sporophytic. SI gametophytic is controlled by the haploid S-alleles in …

Analisis Efisiensi Rancangan Lapangan Terhadap Plasma Nutfah Talas Dengan Menggunakan Tiga Rancangan Lapangan Berdasarkan Nilai Efisiensi Relatif (Re), Yudithia Maxiselly, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Efficiency analysis of field design is the important information to field trial especially for experiment which has limitation of material or other facility. These experiment were aimed to identify the most efficient field design for testing germplasm. The studies were conducted from May 2009 to February 2011 at the Experimental Station of Agriculture Faculty, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Forty two accessions of taro from Plant Breeding Laboratory of Padjadjaran University (31 Colocasia esculenta accessions and 11 Xanthosoma sagittifolum accessions) were used in this experiment. Variable of observation were 5 of taro morphology traits. The first experimental field was arranged in …

Identifying Molecular Markers Associated With Salt And Boron Tolerance In Poplar Trees, Darshanpreet Gill, Nathan Follen, Davis W. Cheng, Kyan Salehi, Gary Banuelos, James P. Prince

STAR Program Research Presentations

Standard irrigation practices promote salt and boron accumulation in soils on the Westside of Central California. The build-up of these inorganic salts leads to the degradation of arable land and reduction of crop production. Different clones of poplar trees have been shown to grow in salt- and boron-contaminated soils, and in doing so, gradually remove significant amounts of these inorganic salts from the soil. In an effort to identify molecular markers linked with salt and boron tolerance in poplars, 31 PCR primer pairs have been designed based on candidate genes identified from the literature, and an additional 31 PCR primer …

Identification And Confirmation Of Quantitative Trait Loci For Seed Protein And Oil Content Of Soybean, Jiao Wang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Protein and oil are the major chemical constituents of soybean seed that affect the quality of soyfood, feed, and oil products. Therefore, soybean cultivars with high protein and/or high oil are desirable for the soyfood and feed markets. Use of molecular-marker-assisted selection will facilitate the breeding process of such cultivar development. The objectives of this research were to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTL) and confirm previously reported QTL associated with seed protein and oil content by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations consisting of 242 individuals from …

Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Qtls And Candidate Genes For Salt Tolerance In Soybean, Lei Huang

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salinity is a common abiotic stress causing soybean yield loss worldwide. Use of tolerant cultivars is an effective and economic approach to coping with this stress. Toward this, research is needed to identify salt-tolerant germplasm and better understand the genetic and molecular basis of salt tolerance in soybean. The objectives of this study were to identify salt-tolerant genotypes, to search for SNPs and QTLs associated with salt tolerance, and to identify candidate salt tolerance genes. A total of 192 diverse soybean lines and cultivars were screened for salt tolerance in the greenhouse based on visual leaf scorch scores after 15 …

Genetic Diversity Of Asclepias Tuberosa In Iowa Prairies, Jeff Ploegstra, Michelle Alkema, Kayla Graves, Brittany De Ruyter, Tony N. Jelsma

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

Reduced population size can result in the loss of genetic diversity, which in turn can make organisms more susceptible to environmental challenges. In Iowa less than one percent of the original tallgrass prairie remains, isolated in a few remnant prairies. We are undertaking a long term project to assess the genetic variability in native prairie plants on remnant prairies in Northwest Iowa. We are testing six microsatellite sequences for butterfly milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) from the Steele Prairie State Preserve, Broken Kettle Grasslands, a private prairie near Cherokee IA, a prairie restoration project on the Dordt College campus and populations from …

Plant Micrornas Display Differential 3' Truncation And Tailing Modifications That Are Argonaute1 Dependent And Conserved Across Species, Jixian Zhai, Yuanyuan Zhao, Stacey A. Simon, Sheng Huang, Katherine Petsch, Siwaret Arikit, Manoj Pillay, Lijuan Ji, Meng Xie, Xiaofeng Cao, Bin Yu, Marja Timmermans, Bing Yang, Xuemei Chen, Blake C. Meyers

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Plant small RNAs are 3' methylated by the methyltransferase HUA1 ENHANCER1 (HEN1). In plant hen1 mutants, 3' modifications of small RNAs, including oligo-uridylation (tailing), are associated with accelerated degradation of microRNAs (miRNAs). By sequencing small RNAs of the wild type and hen1 mutants from Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays), we found 39 truncation prior to tailing is widespread in these mutants. Moreover, the patterns of miRNA truncation and tailing differ substantially among miRNA families but are conserved across species. The same patterns are also observable in wild-type libraries from a broad …

2013 Fall Seed Guide, Teshome Regassa, P. Stephen Baenziger, Greg Kruger, Dipak Santra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Nebraska Winter Wheat Variety Tests

Locations for Winter Wheat

Winter Wheat Characteristics

Alfalfa Variety Tests

Cool Season Grasses

Winter Barley Variety Tests

Triticale

NCIA Seed Book

A Morphological Analysis Of A Hybrid Swarm Of Native Ulmus Rubra And Introduced U. Pumila (Ulmaceae) In Southeastern Nebraska, Christian Elowsky, Ingrid E. Jordon-Thaden, Robert B. Kaul

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

The parental species and hybrid swarm of native Ulmus rubra Muhl. and the introduced, naturalized and weedy U. pumila L. were investigated in a 65-km transect in Lancaster, Saunders, and Butler counties in Nebraska. Thirty-two trees of U. rubra, 32 of U. pumila, and 50 of the hybrid swarm were sampled for leaves and buds and subsampled for flowers and fruits. Leaves were measured for petiole length, blade length, width, primary and secondary teeth per cm, number of secondary teeth per primary tooth, and texture. Buds were scored for color and distribution of trichomes. Flowers were sampled for stamen counts …

Estudios Científicos En El Estado De Hidalgo Y Zonas Aledañas, Volumen Ii, Griselda Pulido-Flores, Scott Monks

Zea E-Books Collection

Los 16 capítulos que conforman este libro son una contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad y conservación de los recursos naturales en el estado de Hidalgo, México.

Se aborda el derecho de propiedad intelectual en la biodiversidad, citando algunos ejemplos de México. Así mismo, se presenta un estudio de la biodiversidad y distribución de la herpetofauna en cuatro tipos de vegetación. Desde el punto de vista de la helmintología se presentan dos estudios de los helmintos parásitos de vertebrados silvestres; con nuevos registros de hospederos y localidades de algunas especies de helmintos para Hidalgo. También, se aborda el uso de …

Functional Annotation, Transcriptional Characterization And Enzymatic Contributions Of Essential Amino Acid Biosynthesis-Related Genes, Teresa J. Clark

Masters Theses

In plants, essential amino acid biosynthesis predominantly or exclusively occurs in the plastid. The plastid in the heterokont alga Nannochloropsis oceanica is surrounded by four membranes, which add great complexity to intracellular trafficking and communication. N. oceanica genes in essential amino acid biosynthesis were functionally annotated. The biosynthesis pathways resemble the pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana, but the gene content seems to be simpler in N. oceanica.

In addition, two A. thaliana mutants with loss-of-function mutations in the aspartate kinase-homoserine dehydrogenase 2 (AK-HSDH2) gene were characterized. These ak-hsdh2 mutants demonstrate unexpected accumulation of aspartate-derived amino acids (ADAAs), particularly threonine, in …

High Occurrence Of Functional New Chimeric Genes In Survey Of Rice Chromosome 3 Short Arm Genome Sequences, Chengjun Zhang, Jun Wang, Nicholas C. Marowsky, Manyuan Long, Rod A. Wing, Chuanzhu Fan

Biological Sciences Faculty Research Publications

In an effort to identify newly evolved genes in rice,we searched the genomes of Asian-cultivated rice Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and its wild progenitors, looking for lineage-specific genes. Using genome pairwise comparison of approximately 20-Mb DNA sequences from the chromosome 3 short arm (Chr3s) in six rice species, O. sativa, O. nivara, O. rufipogon, O. glaberrima, O. barthii, and O. punctata, combined with synonymous substitution rate tests and other evidence, we were able to identify potential recently duplicated genes, which evolved within the last 1 Myr. We identified 28 functional O. sativa genes, which …

Landscape Features Impact On Soil Available Water, Corn Biomass, And Gene Expression During The Late Vegetative Stage, Stephanie Hansen, Sharon A. Clay, David E. Clay, C. Gregg Carlson, Graig Reicks, Youssef Jarachi, David Horvath

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Crop yields at summit positions of rolling landscapes often are lower than backslope yields. The differences in plant response may be the result of many different factors. We examined corn (Zea mays L.) plant productivity, gene expression, soil water, and nutrient availability in two landscape positions located in historically high (backslope) and moderate (summit and shoulder) yielding zones to gain insight into plant response differences. Growth characteristics, gene expression, and soil parameters (water and N and P content) were determined at the V12 growth stage of corn. At tassel, plant biomass, N content, ¹³C isotope discrimination (Δ), and …