Development And Characterization Of Wheat-Thinopyrum Junceiforme Chromosome Addition Lines,
2019
South Dakota State University
Development And Characterization Of Wheat-Thinopyrum Junceiforme Chromosome Addition Lines, Dilkaran Singh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Production of wheat is challenged by dynamic biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic improvement via alien gene transfer is an effective approach to tackle such challenges. Alien gene transfer played an important role in the history of wheat crop improvement. Sea wheatgrass (SWG; Thinopyrum junceiforme, 2n = 28, genomes J1J1J2J2) is a wild relative of wheat. In our previous work, we have developed a complete amphiploid between cultivated emmer and SWG and shown that SWG is resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus, Fusarium head blight and wheat stem sawflies (due to the solid stem) and tolerant to waterlogging, salinity, heat, and …
Disease Resistance In Wheat And Its Relatives,
2019
South Dakota State University
Disease Resistance In Wheat And Its Relatives, Ethan James Andersen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Plants have evolved a complex defense system against pests and pathogens utilizing many types of receptors, signaling factors, and defense compounds to detect pathogen presence and respond effectively. Since many pathogens have evolved immunesuppressing effectors used to reduce plant resistance, plants have evolved a family of receptors that detect pathogenic effectors as a result of an evolutionary arms race. These receptors contain Nucleotide-Binding Site and Leucine-Rich Repeat domains and are called NBS-LRR or NLR proteins. Many grasses possess huge genomes with hundreds of NLR-encoding genes, often found in clusters at the extra-pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, where unequal crossing over causes …
Identification And Characterization Of Stress Responsive Genes In Soybean And Sunflower,
2019
South Dakota State University
Identification And Characterization Of Stress Responsive Genes In Soybean And Sunflower, Surendra Neupane
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Stress responsive genes encode proteins involved in plants’ response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Among such stress responsive proteins, proteins encoded by resistance genes (R genes) or nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRRs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are the major groups of proteins regulating biotic and abiotic stresses, respectively. Previous studies in Nepal’s lab at SDSU identified and characterized coiled coil (CC)-NBS-LRRs (CNLs), resistance to powdery mildew8 (RPW8)-NBS-LRRs (RNLs), NBS-LRR (NLs), and MAPK proteins in soybean. This study focuses on R and MAPK genes in the recently sequenced genome of sunflower as well as the toll-interleukin-1 receptor-like nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich …
Validation Of Candidate Loci For Maize Regrowability And Selection Of Near Isogenic Lines For The Loci,
2019
South Dakota State University
Validation Of Candidate Loci For Maize Regrowability And Selection Of Near Isogenic Lines For The Loci, Tajbir Raihan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Developing perennial grain crops is an effective way for sustainable agriculture and it can be a tool for the betterment of the overall ecosystem. To understand how perenniality works in perennial species, we made a cross between Zea diploperennis and maize (Z. mays) inbred line B73. F1 hybrids produced from this cross were selfed to get the F2 population and later the F2 population underwent Genotyping-By- Sequencing (GBS) analysis. Based on the candidate loci identified on chromosome 2 and chromosome 7 from GBS, SNP-specific markers were developed from the candidate locus interval and used to genotype the F2 …
Development Of Computational Techniques For Identification Of Regulatory Dna Motif,
2019
South Dakota State University
Development Of Computational Techniques For Identification Of Regulatory Dna Motif, Cankun Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Identifying precise transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) or regulatory DNA motif (motif) plays a fundamental role in researching transcriptional regulatory mechanism in cells and helping construct regulatory networks for biological investigation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with sequencing (ChIP-seq) and lambda exonuclease digestion followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-exo) enables researchers to identify TFBS on a genome-scale with improved resolution. Several algorithms have been developed to perform motif identification, employing widely different methods and often giving divergent results. In addition, these existing methods still suffer from prediction accuracy. Thesis focuses on the development of improved regulatory DNA motif identification techniques. We designed an …
Diversity Of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts Of Chamaecrista Fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils,
2019
Old Dominion University
Diversity Of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts Of Chamaecrista Fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils, Hanna E. Dorman, Lisa E. Wallace
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We evaluated whether geographic distance and soil characteristics influence genetic structure of nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts associated with the host plant Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea). We tested phylogeographic clustering and associations between genetic distance, geographic distance, and soil variables using sequences of 2 bacterial genes and soil chemistry across 23 sites in Mississippi. We identified rhizobia isolated from Partridge Pea as Bradyrhizobium. We detected significant genetic structure at a regional level, and determined that rhizobia within each region were more phylogenetically related than expected. Significant correlation between genetic distance and distances based on soil chemistry suggests environmental influences on rhizobia …
Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2018,
2019
Purdue University
Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2018, Elizabeth Maynard, Petrus Langenhoven, Wenjing Guan, Brad R. Bergefurd
Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports
This is a compilation of 15 research trial reports from four land-grant universities in the Midwestern United States. Crops include cantaloupe, pickling cucumber, pepper, potato, pumpkin, summer squash and zucchini, sweet corn, tomato, and watermelon. Somecrops were evaluated in high tunnels or hoophouses. Most trials evaluated different cultivars or varieties. One report addressed plant spacing for sweet corn and one addressed soil block for production of tomato seedlings. A list of vegetable seed sources and a list of other online sources of vegetable trial reports are also included.
Construction Of Crispr/Cas9 Vectors For Directed Mutagenesis Of Fusarium Graminearum,
2019
University of Northern Iowa
Construction Of Crispr/Cas9 Vectors For Directed Mutagenesis Of Fusarium Graminearum, Rebekah Akers
Honors Program Theses
Fusarium graminearum causes the fungal disease known as scab or head blight in cereals, including barley. There is no known resistance in barley against scab disease. Generating mutations in the fungus is a promising strategy to reduce infection. Research has shown that CRISPR/Cas9 is a very powerful tool for gene mutation. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 vectors containing guide RNA sequences were constructed to mutate one visual marker gene (AUR1) and two genes essential for infection in F. graminearum (Tri5 and MGV1). Plasmids pFC332 and pFC334 were used to create vectors with the target genes using the …
Nodule Zone-Specific Gene Expression In Soybean,
2019
South Dakota State University
Nodule Zone-Specific Gene Expression In Soybean, Sadikshya Aryal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth and yield. Leguminous plants such as soybean (Glycine max) have developed the ability to form a symbiotic association with nitrogen fixing rhizobia. This symbiotic association results in the formation of unique structures called nodules that originate from root cortex via de novo cell differentiation. During soybean nodule development, two major nodule zones, the Nodule primordium (Npr) in the center and the nodule parenchyma (Npa) in the periphery, are clearly distinguishable. Npr gives rise to infection zone (IZ), and the Npa holds vascular bundles. However, it is not clear what …
Application Of Short Tandem Target Mimic (Sttm) Technique For Functional Analysis Of Micro-Rna396 In Transgenic Poplar Trees,
2019
Michigan Technological University
Application Of Short Tandem Target Mimic (Sttm) Technique For Functional Analysis Of Micro-Rna396 In Transgenic Poplar Trees, Surattana Boonsai
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM) is a commonly technique used for functional studies of a number of genes in several plant model systems. However, very little is known about application of STTM technique in tree species. In this study, STTM was applied to knock down microRNA396 (miR396) in transgenic poplar trees for the first time. STTM396 expression resulted in dramatic decrease in miR396 expression levels leading to taller plants with larger leaves and larger leaf cell size. Additionally, an expression analysis of growth regulating factor genes (GRFs) that are members of miR396 target gene family showed up-regulation of GRF07 gene …
Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2018,
2019
Purdue University
Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2018, Elizabeth Maynard, Petrus Langenhoven, Wenjing Guan, Brad R. Bergefurd
Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports
This is a compilation of 15 research trial reports from four land-grant universities in the Midwestern United States. Crops include cantaloupe, pickling cucumber, pepper, potato, pumpkin, summer squash and zucchini, sweet corn, tomato, and watermelon. Somecrops were evaluated in high tunnels or hoophouses. Most trials evaluated different cultivars or varieties. One report addressed plant spacing for sweet corn and one addressed soil block for production of tomato seedlings. A list of vegetable seed sources and a list of other online sources of vegetable trial reports are also included.
Genetic Regulation Of The Elicitation Of Glyceollin Biosynthesis In Soybean,
2019
West Virginia University
Genetic Regulation Of The Elicitation Of Glyceollin Biosynthesis In Soybean, Md. Asraful Jahan
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Glyceollin phytoalexins are the pathogen-elicited defense metabolites that belong to the isoflavonoid family of molecules of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease throughout the soybean-growing regions worldwide causing devastating economic damages (globally $1-2 billion and over $250 million in the USA) every year. Engineering soybean plants that produce higher levels of glyceollins could confer resistance against this pathogen. Glyceollins also show anticancer and neuroprotective activities in mammals, therefore they are important for agriculture and medical research. Firstly, we were interested in understanding how biotic and …
Breeding For Tomato Resistance To Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae),
2019
University of Kentucky
Breeding For Tomato Resistance To Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), Ammar Sami Al-Bayati
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Cultivated tomato plants are extremely susceptible to the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Selection for pest resistance is usually a crucial step required to achieve successful genetic resistance transfer from wild into cultivated tomato genotypes. S. habrochaites LA2329, a wild relative of tomato, is highly resistant to arthropods. Its resistance has been attributed to the presence of a high density of type IV and type VI trichomes and abundant production of 7-epi-zingiberene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon. The interspecific backcross hybrids used in this research were derived from the cross between the wild relative tomato, S. habrochaites LA2329, and the cultivated …
Field Evaluation Of Tobacco Engineered For High Leaf-Oil Accumulation,
2019
University of Kentucky
Field Evaluation Of Tobacco Engineered For High Leaf-Oil Accumulation, James Perry
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
The biofuel market is dominated by ethanol and biodiesel derived from cellulosic and lipid-based biomass crops. This is largely due to the relatively low costs and reliability of production. At present, production of non-food plant-derived oils for biofuel production in the U.S. is minimal. A research team from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), an independent Australian federal government research institution, has developed an efficient transgenic system to engineer oil production in tobacco leaves. This novel system is comprised of multiple transgenes that direct the endogenous metabolic flux of oil precursors towards triacylglycerol (TAG) production. Additional genes were …
Impact Of A Warmed Environment, Spike Morphology And Genotype On Fhb Levels In A Soft Red Winter Wheat Mapping Population,
2019
University of Kentucky
Impact Of A Warmed Environment, Spike Morphology And Genotype On Fhb Levels In A Soft Red Winter Wheat Mapping Population, Elisane Weber Tessmann
Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other small grains; disease severity is affected by temperature and rainfall. This research comprised three studies: an artificially warmed experiment during 2016-2017, a morphology study and an FHB resistance screening study in 2015-2016, using approximately 250 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from programs in the eastern US. The location was the University of Kentucky Spindletop Research Farm in Lexington, KY. Higher levels of Fusarium damaged kernels and the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) were observed in the warmed treatment compared to the control, and plant development was …
Unraveling The Influence Of Female Flowering Characteristics And Chemical Hybridizing Agent Formulations On Hybrid Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Seed Production,
2019
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Unraveling The Influence Of Female Flowering Characteristics And Chemical Hybridizing Agent Formulations On Hybrid Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Seed Production, Hannah K. Stoll
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The success of hybrid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is largely limited by inefficiencies in seed production. This research aims to address these inefficiencies by examining various Chemical Hybridizing Agent (CHA) formulations using the chemical Croisor®100 on sterility, CHA damage, and female flowering characteristics. In addition, an efficient method of phenotyping female flowering characteristics (contributing factors in hybrid production seed yield) were identified using Stepwise Regression, ANCOVA, and Pearson R-Correlations, and duration of stigma receptivity in the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS; Triticum timopheevii Zhuk.) background was determined. At an optimally timed spray application, including a moderate rate of CHA with …
Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Hibrida Terhadap Aplikasi Paraquat Pada Lahan Tanpa Olah Tanah (Tot),
2018
Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Hibrida Terhadap Aplikasi Paraquat Pada Lahan Tanpa Olah Tanah (Tot), Agus Wahyudin, Dedi Widayat, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Aep Wawan Irwan, Abdulah Hafiz
Jurnal Kultivasi
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung akibat persiapan lahan dengan menggunakan herbisida paraquat pada lahan tanpa olah tanah (TOT), serta memperoleh dosis yang tepat yang dapat digunakan dalam budidaya jagung untuk menggantikan olah tanah sempurna (OTS). Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjajaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat ± 750 meter diatas permukaan laut dan ordo tanah Inceptisol serta tipe curah hujan C3 menurut Oldeman (1975). Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei 2017 hingga Agustus 2017. Metode percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak …
Seleksi Karakter Kandungan Amilosa Sedang Pada Populasi Hasil Persilangan Sintanur X Ptb33 Dan Pandanwangi X Ptb33 Berdasarkan Marka Fenotipik Dan Molekuler Ssr,
2018
Program S2 Pemultan, Universitas Padjadjaran
Seleksi Karakter Kandungan Amilosa Sedang Pada Populasi Hasil Persilangan Sintanur X Ptb33 Dan Pandanwangi X Ptb33 Berdasarkan Marka Fenotipik Dan Molekuler Ssr, Whitea Yasmine Slamet, Anita R. S. Wardani, Santika Sari, Nono Carsono
Jurnal Kultivasi
Padi dengan kandungan amilosa sedang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat Asia dan Dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh individu keturunan F7 (yang berasal dari hasil persilangan Sintanur x PTB33 dan Pandanwangi x PTB33) dengan kandungan amilosa sedang. Alat yang digunakan untuk analisis kandungan amilosa yaitu spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 625 nm, sedangkan marka molekuler menggunakan marka Wx. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SP73-3-1-7 memiliki jumlah tanaman paling banyak yang mengandung amilosa yang sedang (20-24%) berdasarkan marka molekuler dan fenotipik. Kombinasi kedua pengujian ini akurat dalam menyeleksi karakter fisikokimia padi. Abstract. Medium amylose rice is a special type of …
Linkage Mapping For Soybean (Glycine Max) Flood Tolerance,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Linkage Mapping For Soybean (Glycine Max) Flood Tolerance, Wade Stiles Hummer
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Flood tolerance in soybean (Glycine max) is not a well-characterized trait, yet flooding damage is second only to drought stress in terms of yield reduction. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variation for flooding tolerance in two populations of soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and to identify and confirm flood tolerant QTL. Population A (WHA) consisted of 111 RILs derived from the cross 5002T by 91210-350 and Population B (WHB) consisted of 79 RILs from the cross RA-452 by Osage. Experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, AR in 2015 and …
Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status,
2018
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fatty Acid Desaturase7 (FAD7) is a chloroplast-localized enzyme that converts 16 and 18 carbon dienoic fatty acids to trienoic fatty acids. The suppressor of prosystemin-mediated response2 (spr2) mutant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the fad7-1 mutant in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in the loss of function of FAD7, which alter the fatty acid profiles of chloroplast membranes and enhance resistance against aphids. This research contributes toward the long-term goal of identifying factors that determine aphid resistance in FAD7 mutants. Previous data suggested constitutive differences between spr2 and WT including increased expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and differences in redox …
