Catch-Up In Response To Elevated Co2 - A Study Of Genotypes Of 12 Grassland Species,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
Catch-Up In Response To Elevated Co2 - A Study Of Genotypes Of 12 Grassland Species, E. Wright, John Connolly, Andreas Lüscher
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Differential growth enhancements for species or genotypes under elevated CO2 can lead to changes in the composition of plant communities. Under a Rich-get-richer hypothesis, species that constitute a large proportion of a community (the dominants) will increase their dominance at elevated CO2 (Bazzaz and Garbutt, 1988). Under the alternative Catch-up hypothesis the smaller components of communities will benefit proportionately more than dominants from elevated CO2 conditions (tested at the level of individual plants in a monoculture in Wayne and Bazzaz, 1997). A recent review (Poorter & Navas, 2003) provided no evidence for differential growth enhancements by dominant …
The Timing Of Daily Grazing On Annual Ryegrass Or Sulla Forage: The Effects On Milk Yield And Composition Of Comisana Ewes,
2023
Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy
The Timing Of Daily Grazing On Annual Ryegrass Or Sulla Forage: The Effects On Milk Yield And Composition Of Comisana Ewes, D. Giambalvo, L. Stringi, C. Scarpello, P. Iudicello, A. Bonanno, A. Di Grigoli
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The timing and duration of grazing greatly affect the response of animals. Night grazing, in addition to grazing during the day, seems to be one of the most important practices for improving animal performance (Bayer et al., 1987). Many authors have already underlined the major benefits of night grazing, such as improved body condition, reduced heat stress, increased forage intake and milk production. However, labour constraints, insecurity, damage to crops by animals are considered as the main reasons for not practising day and night grazing. The aim of this research was to improve knowledge about the effects of daily …
Herbage Production Of Tanzania Grass (Panicum Maximum Cv. Tanzania) Submitted To Combinations Of Frequencies And Intensities Of Grazing By Cattle,
2023
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brazil
Herbage Production Of Tanzania Grass (Panicum Maximum Cv. Tanzania) Submitted To Combinations Of Frequencies And Intensities Of Grazing By Cattle, Domicio Nascimento Jr., Rodrigo A. Barbosa, Valéria P. B. Euclides, S. C. Da Silva, R. A. Torres
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production from pastures is a complex process comprising three main stages: herbage growth, consumption by grazing animals and conversion into animal products (Hodgson, 1990). Utilisation is the stage where the grazier finds greater flexibility for management, probably because most processes related to harvest of the produced herbage by the grazing animals are very responsive to manipulation and control of defoliation practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate herbage production of a Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture submitted to combinations of frequencies and intensities of grazing.
The Effects Of Proximity To Watering Points On Vegetation Parameters In Winter Rangelands Of Chahe-Nou, Damghan, Iran,
2023
University of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Iran
The Effects Of Proximity To Watering Points On Vegetation Parameters In Winter Rangelands Of Chahe-Nou, Damghan, Iran, R. Khalifeh-Zadeh, Mansour Mesdaghi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Chahe-Nou with 115 mm rainfall and high temperatures (30 °C) is located 95 km south of Damghan. It is grazed intensively by nomadic and sedentary sheep and goats during winter. Proximity to watering points affects the rangelands vegetation. With increasing distance from the watering points more palatable species increase, whilst grazing decreases. The areas nearest the watering points contain more unpalatable undesirable invasive species (Department of Natural Resources, 1999). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of proximity to watering point on vegetation parameters at two watering points.
Grazing Behaviour Of Lambs In Different Production Systems,
2023
Embrapa, Brazil
Grazing Behaviour Of Lambs In Different Production Systems, C. H. E. C. Poli, Alda L. G. Monteiro, C. S. Gomes, G. J. Bosquetto, J. R. Dittrich, Susana Gilaverte, H. V. L. Piazetta
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Ingestive behaviour is an important component of a grazing system (Fryxell et al., 2001). The understanding of lamb behaviour patterns in different production systems is crucial to management and to assess the impact of the production system on the use of resources by animals. The objective of this study was to determine the grazing behaviour of lambs in different production systems.
Herbage Intake And Animal Performance Of Cattle Grazing Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Under Continuous Stocking,
2023
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Herbage Intake And Animal Performance Of Cattle Grazing Brachiaria Brizantha Cv. Marandu Under Continuous Stocking, S. C. Da Silva, P. Sarmento, L. K. Molan, F. M. E. Andrade, André F. Sbrissia, A. V. Lupinacci, A. C. Gonçalves, D. E. Oliveira
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing management affects sward structure, which in turn influences plant and animal responses. With the objective of understanding causal relationship between sward structure and animal responses, the present experiment evaluated the daily herbage intake and live weight gain of growing cattle on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture during summer (Dec. 2001 to Mar. 2002).
Effect Of Red And White Clover Added To A Rye Grass-Based Diet On Intake, Fibre Digestion And Methane Release Of Dairy Cows,
2023
ETH-Zürich, Switzerland
Effect Of Red And White Clover Added To A Rye Grass-Based Diet On Intake, Fibre Digestion And Methane Release Of Dairy Cows, Anette H. Van Dorland, Michael Kreuzer, M. Leuenberger, H. R. Wettstein
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage legumes like white and red clover are widely grown in association with grass, with the intention to improve the quality of grass-based diets. However little is known about the effect of either white or red clover added to a grass-based diet on methane release, and existing studies are not conclusive. The objective of this study, applying the respiratory chamber technique, was to determine the effect of red and white clover added to a rye grass-based diet on intake, fibre digestion and methane release of dairy cows.
Reproductive Allocation In Brassica Kaber,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
Reproductive Allocation In Brassica Kaber, Caroline Brophy, John Connolly, P. M. Wayne, D. J. Gibson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Understanding the reproductive biology of weeds is essential to understanding their role in seminatural plant communities. The annual forb Brassica kaber is an important agricultural weed in the mid-western regions of the U.S.A. Linear regression is often used to establish the relationship between the reproductive mass (R) of a plant (as measured by number of flowers, seeds or mass of reproductive organs) and its dry mass (W)(Sletvold, 2002). Some plants do not have any reproductive output (R=0). These zero values cause a problem forlinear regression. Schmid et al. (1994) suggested using truncated regression as a solution. In this presentation …
Inheritance Of Yield, Morphological And Quality Characteristics In Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata),
2023
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran
Inheritance Of Yield, Morphological And Quality Characteristics In Cocksfoot (Dactylis Glomerata), A. A. Jafari, H. M. Arefi, H. Nasri
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This study estimated genetic variation in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) for yield, tiller number, heading date, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP).
Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity,
2023
Istituto Sperimentale per le Colture Foraggere, Italy
Proanthocyanidins From Hedysarum, Lotus And Onobrychis Spp. Growing In Sardinia And Sicily And Their Antioxidant Activity, A. Tava, M. G. De Benedetto, D. Tedesco, G. Di Miceli, G. Piluzza
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Proanthocyanidins (PA), or condensed tannins, are a class of natural polyphenolic compounds, occurring in numerous plant species, including a number of economically significant forage legumes. These compounds are polymers of flavan-3-ols, and typically contain from 2 to 20 units. Their biological significance is still being debated and, in recent years, a great deal of attention has been focused on their role in ruminant nutrition. Evidence has indicated that PA, in a moderate concentration (0.5-5% DM), may have considerable importance in protecting dietary proteins against microbial degradation in the rumen, and in preventing bloat. The antioxidant activity (AA) is also an …
Carbon Sequestration In Irrigated Pastures,
2023
University of Idaho
Carbon Sequestration In Irrigated Pastures, Glenn E. Shewmaker, J. A. Entry, R. E. Sojka
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Carbon sequestration potential for irrigated grazing lands is significant. We measured organic and inorganic C stored in southern Idaho soils having long-term land use histories that supported native sagebrush vegetation (NSB), irrigated pasture systems (IP), irrigated conservation tillage sites (ICT), and irrigated moldboard plowing systems (IMP). This study estimates the amount of possible organic, inorganic and total C sequestration if irrigated pasture land was expanded by 10%.
The Carbon Balance Of Long Term And Newly Established Temperate Grasslands,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
The Carbon Balance Of Long Term And Newly Established Temperate Grasslands, J. Clifton-Brown, G. Lanigan, R. B. Taylor, J. I. Burke, M. B. Jones
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Carbon (C) sequestration is the process of removing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in C pools of varying lifetime. Storage can be in the form of above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass or recalcitrant organic and inorganic C in the soil. While the processes of C sequestration are ultimately regulated at the molecular level, management practices and climate can greatly affect the way in which terrestrial ecosystems sequester C (Soussana et al., 2004). Because temperate grasslands account for a significant portion of the agricultural and semi-natural land-cover in N-W Europe any increase in the potential of temperate grasslands …
Carbon Sequestration In Pasture And Silvo-Pastoral Systems In Ecosystems Of The Latin American Tropics,
2023
CIAT, Colombia
Carbon Sequestration In Pasture And Silvo-Pastoral Systems In Ecosystems Of The Latin American Tropics, M. C. Amézquita, M. Ibrahim
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Conversion of forests to pastures has been the most important land use change in tropical America (TA) in the last fifty years. After deforestation and pasture establishment many areas have been abandoned due to productivity declines arising through mismanagement. Over 60% of the TA's pasture area is degraded. Recent interest in carbon sequestration and environmental considerations might suggest partial reforestation of current pastoral areas but this has implications for the socio-economic welfare of farmers and food availability. However, combining agricultural production with environmental objectives (particularly carbon sequestration) could provide a sustainable alternative. Here we present 3-years of research on the …
The Use Of Long-Term Modelling In Analysing N2O Abatement Strategies In Dairy Pastures,
2023
University of Melbourne, Australia
The Use Of Long-Term Modelling In Analysing N2O Abatement Strategies In Dairy Pastures, Richard J. Eckard, I. R. Johnson, D. F. Chapman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Concerns about the environmental impact of nitrogen (N) losses in Australia, in particular, nitrous oxide emissions are related to the rapid increase in N application on dairy pastures. Computer modelling is the most suitable method available to assess the potential of best management practices (BMP) to reduce field losses, as direct field measurements are frequently limited by the short term nature of many field trials.
Time Budget On Major Activities Of Livestock Grazing Heterogeneous Natural Range And Crop Fields In Semi-Arid Nigeria,
2023
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria
Time Budget On Major Activities Of Livestock Grazing Heterogeneous Natural Range And Crop Fields In Semi-Arid Nigeria, B. S. Malami, P. H. Y. Hiernaux, H. M. Tukur, J. Steinbach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Semi-arid rangelands of West Africa provide herbs, trees and shrubs, which together with crop residues form the main sources of feed for the livestock population. Feed supply in this region is characterised by a progressive decline in quantity and quality with advancing dry season. It was reported that walking ability as well as watering frequencies affect the productivity of grazing livestock (Dicko and Sangare, 1984). This study tests the hypothesis that advancing season increases both time spent walking as well as feeding, with a switch from grazing to browsing.
Effect Of Time Spent On Pasture On Grazing Behaviour In Latxa Dairy Sheep,
2023
NEIKER, Spain
Effect Of Time Spent On Pasture On Grazing Behaviour In Latxa Dairy Sheep, A. Garcia-Rodriguez, N. Mandaluniz, L. M. Oregui
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Basque country the dairy ewe production system is based on a high pasture utilisation by means of partial time grazing where ewes spend a limited number of hours outdoors (Oregui et al., 1997). This production system, which is also typical of other Mediterranean areas, is different from that in northern Europe where continuous grazing is the usual management. There is a lack of knowledge concerning grazing behaviour under these conditions. This research investigated the effect of time spent on pasture on grazing behaviour.
Diet Selection In A Pasture Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Mombaça With Different Sward Heights,
2023
EMBRAPA, Brazil
Diet Selection In A Pasture Of Panicum Maximum Cv. Mombaça With Different Sward Heights, Teresa C. M. Genro, Ê. R. Prates, F. F. Cardoso, L. R. L. San'thiago
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The n-alkane method allows to measure dry matter (DM) intake and to determine the proportion of grass and legume ingested by ruminants grazing mixed pastures. Dove & Mayes (1996) pointed out that using this method, beyond estimating intake of individual plant species, it may also be possible to determine intake of anatomical components of the plant. The aim of this work was to use the non-negative least squares procedure to estimate diet selection based on plant alkanes and animal faeces.
A Simple Vegetation Criterion (Ndf Content) May Account For Diet Choices Of Cattle Between Forages Varying In Maturity Stage And Physical Accessibility,
2023
INRA, France
A Simple Vegetation Criterion (Ndf Content) May Account For Diet Choices Of Cattle Between Forages Varying In Maturity Stage And Physical Accessibility, Cécile Ginane, R. Baumont
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The management of extensively grazed pastures requires an understanding and prediction of the diet choices of herbivores grazing on vegetation that is qualitatively (maturity stage) and quantitatively (biomass, sward height) heterogeneous. The Optimal Foraging Theory (OFT, Stephens & Krebs, 1986), bases its predictions on the relative energy intake rate (EIR) of forages. However, as EIRs are difficult to assess at pasture and are subject to wide intra- and inter-individual variations, another vegetation criterion was sought (accessibility, quality), by-passing the animal's influence, to predict cattle diet choices quantitatively.
Influence Of Giving A Choice Of Grazing Or Maize Silage Offered In The Field Simultaneously On Diet Selection Of Lactating Dairy Cows,
2023
Colegio de Postgraduados, Mexico
Influence Of Giving A Choice Of Grazing Or Maize Silage Offered In The Field Simultaneously On Diet Selection Of Lactating Dairy Cows, O. Hernández‐Mendo, J. D. Leaver
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Changing the times of access to grazing and to maize silage (MS) offered indoors affects the relative intake of each feed, but has little effect on dairy cow performance (Hernandez-Mendo & Leaver, 2000). Offering the MS in the grazing paddock as an instantaneous alternative to grazing should give an insight into the factors influencing feed intake, and may provide a means of alleviating the high rate of decline in milk yield of grazing dairy cows. The objective of this study was to examine the response in diet preferences and performance of lactating dairy cows when grazing a perennial ryegrass sward …
A Sward Based Method To Estimate Herbage Selection Of Grazing Dairy Cows,
2023
University of Kiel, Germany
A Sward Based Method To Estimate Herbage Selection Of Grazing Dairy Cows, F. Taube, M. Wachendorf, J. Baade
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Diet selection of grazing animals is influenced by sward composition and vertical sward structure. Grazing studies were established in northern Germany (Kiel, Schleswig - Holstein state) to determine if selective grazing behaviour in a mixed sward can be measured by a sward based method. The hypothesis that active selection of different functional groups of forages can be documented by using the selection index (Figure 1, Hodgson, 1990) and regressive approaches vs time was tested.
