Toxicity In Beef Cattle Grazing Leucaena Leucocephala In Queensland, Australia,
2023
The University of Queensland, Australia
Toxicity In Beef Cattle Grazing Leucaena Leucocephala In Queensland, Australia, Scott A. Dalzell, D. J. Burnett, J. E. Dowsett, V. E. Forbes, H. M. Shelton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improved pastures based on the leguminous shrub Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) are the most productive, profitable and sustainable for beef cattle production in northern Australia. Leucaena forage contains the toxic, non-protein amino acid mimosine, which is rapidly converted to 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (DHP) upon ingestion by grazing cattle. This is a potent goitrogen and appetite suppressant. Animals suffering severe DHP toxicity exhibit distinctive symptoms (e.g. hair loss, excessive salivation, goitre and weight loss), while subclinical DHP toxicity can suppress live weight gain by 30-50% without producing any obvious symptoms. Prior to the discovery and introduction of the DHP-degrading rumen bacteria Synergistes jonesii into …
Simulations Of Woodland Grassland Transitions Caused By Elephant,
2023
Durban Institute of Technology, South Africa
Simulations Of Woodland Grassland Transitions Caused By Elephant, Kevin J. Duffy, S. Moyo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In South Africa, reintroduction of wildlife on small to medium sized farms is common. A primary concern for the landowners who introduce elephant is the effects they will have on tree and grass densities. It is possible that elephant impact can exacerbate a shift from woodland to grassland. In this paper it is shown how simulations can possibly assist in understanding the possible dynamics involved.
Cattle Grazing Management Effects On Pasture Composition In Semi-Arid Woodlands,
2023
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Australia
Cattle Grazing Management Effects On Pasture Composition In Semi-Arid Woodlands, Trevor J. Hall, J. R. Douglas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Manipulating grazing pressure, controlling tree competition and burning are the main options for cattle farmers to manage land in subtropical Australian Eucalypt woodlands. These can contain >175 herbaceous and 60 woody species, but only 5 are desirable perennial and productive grass (Silcock et al., 1996). Here we describe the responses of some perennial grasses to cattle grazing pressure, tree competition and spring burning.
Effect Of Forest Grazing In Summer On Grazing Behaviour, Heart Beat And Heat Production Of Beef Cows,
2023
Kyushu Tokai University, Japan
Effect Of Forest Grazing In Summer On Grazing Behaviour, Heart Beat And Heat Production Of Beef Cows, H. Tobioka, M. Fukumoto, S. Takeda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Japan summer is very hot and humid, particularly in daytime, therefore the supply of shade to animals is important. At the same time, a lot of forest and partial forest area is under-utilised in most of the mountain areas. Introduction of animals to forest areas might result in not only less labour demanding animal management, but also in the efficient weeding in the forest (Sugimoto et al., 1999). We compared the grazing behaviour, heart beat and heat production of beef cows in partial forest with those in the normal grazing place outside the forest.
Intake By Lactating Goats Browsing On Mediterranean Shrubland,
2023
Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna, Italy
Intake By Lactating Goats Browsing On Mediterranean Shrubland, M. Decandia, G. Pinna, A. Cabiddu, G. Molle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Mediterranean regions goat feeding systems are mainly based on shrubland that contain a wide variety of species. There are only a few equations for predicting feed intake of stall-fed goats (Luo et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting the intake of lactating goats browsing on Mediterranean shrubland.
Effects Of Livestock Grazing On The Shrub Vegetation Biomass In The ‘Sierra De Guara’ Natural Park (Spain),
2023
CITA, Spain
Effects Of Livestock Grazing On The Shrub Vegetation Biomass In The ‘Sierra De Guara’ Natural Park (Spain), J. L. Riedel, I. Casasús, A. García, A. Sanz, M. Blanco, R. Revilla, A. Bernués
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The 'Sierra de Guara' Natural Park (80.7 Kha) is a Mediterranean mountain area in Huesca, south of the Spanish Pyrenees. Shrub and forest pastures dominate the Park. They are grazed mainly by sheep, but also by suckler cattle and goats. Average stocking rate is 0.15 LU/ha. As in other European mountain areas, agricultural activities have declined during the last few decades. This has caused a process of secondary vegetation succession towards shrub invasion, with consequent landscape changes. This study aimed to quantify the effect of grazing on shrub vegetation biomass.
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Lamb Grazing System On Sward Performance Of Trifolium Repens And Lotus Corniculatus In Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Lamb Grazing System On Sward Performance Of Trifolium Repens And Lotus Corniculatus In Uruguay, F. Montossi, R. San Julián, M. Nolla, M. Camesasca, F. Preve
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lambs have a great potential to diversify and stimulate meat and wool production and economical returns within the industry. The main objective of this study was to evaluate different feeding and management alternatives for the production of high quality wool and meat as well as their effects on sward characteristics in the Basaltic region of Uruguay.
Effect Of Forage Legume Species And Stocking Rate Of Lambs On Sward Characteristics In Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Effect Of Forage Legume Species And Stocking Rate Of Lambs On Sward Characteristics In Uruguay, F. Montossi, D. F. Risso, R. San Julián, M. Iglesias, N. Ramos, I. De Barbieri, R. Cuadro, A. Zarza
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The sheep industry is a mayor component of the pastoral industries, given its importance for the Uruguayan economy. In the last decade, sheep farmers have been more interested in low cost technologies to enhance productivity and profit. The objective of this study, conducted in the Basaltic region of Uruguay, was to evaluate the effect of legume species and stocking rate of lambs on sward structure, production, composition and nutritive value.
Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing System On Fine And Superfine Merino Wool Production And Quality On Native Swards Of Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing System On Fine And Superfine Merino Wool Production And Quality On Native Swards Of Uruguay, I. De Barbieri, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, A. Dighiero, A. Mederos
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Modern textile tendencies show that consumers prefer light, soft, resistant, natural, and comfortable clothes, for which fine and superfine wools are in great demand, particularly at the high value markets (Whiteley, 2003). The main objective of the present study was to define sustainable stocking rates and grazing systems on native swards for fine and superfine wool production in the Basaltic region of Uruguay.
Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia,
2023
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia, G. Han, Walter D. Willms, M. Zhao, A. Gao, S. Jiao, D. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stocking rate is an important factor in grazing management. The stocking rate defines utilization and ultimately grazing pressure, which in turn affects grassland sustainability. Grassland sustainability is partly defined by its species composition and ultimately by its productivity. These attributes are unique for specific plant communities and the effect of stocking rate must be established for each in order to understand the community response to grazing and to determine its carrying capacity. While some information exists on the effects of stocking rate on livestock production in the Stipa breviflora Griseb. Desert Steppe (Wei et al., 2000), the effects on …
Effect Of Stocking Rates On Plant Morphology In The Inner Mongolia Steppe Of China,
2023
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Effect Of Stocking Rates On Plant Morphology In The Inner Mongolia Steppe Of China, Shiping Wang, Y. F. Wang, Z. Z. Chen, Bob Patton, Paul Nyren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
During the long period of co-evolution with herbivores, range plants have adapted and developed resistant mechanisms in response to grazing (Briske, 1991). The objective of this experiment was to determine the morphological response of a number of the dominant plant species in the Inner Mongolia steppe of China to stocking rate.
Productivity And Grazing Capacity Of Five Typical Natural Rangelands For Yaks In The Alpine Region Of China,
2023
Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry, China
Productivity And Grazing Capacity Of Five Typical Natural Rangelands For Yaks In The Alpine Region Of China, Xuebing Yan, Yuxia Guo, Z. He, W. Kun
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau has greatly aroused the interest of scientists as an uncommon rangeland resource of great agro-ecological importance. Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique, vulnerable ungulate. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the productivity and feed value of five natural rangelands.
An Examination Of The Diurnal Variability In Nitrous Oxide Emissions,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
An Examination Of The Diurnal Variability In Nitrous Oxide Emissions, B. P. Hyde, A. F. Fanning, M. Ryan, O. T. Carton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is generally assumed in field experiments, that the measurement of nitrous oxide (N2O) using enclosed chambers for a period of 1 hour can be used to provide an estimate of daily emission rates. In the majority of studies, emission measurements are conducted between 0900 and 1300 h. However, clearly defined diurnal cycles in N2O emission rates have been observed from both agricultural and forest soils in temperate regions as a consequence of diurnal fluctuations in temperature (Blackmer et al., 1982; Ball et al., 1999; Baggs et al., 2002). The objective of this …
Fluxes Of Co2 And N2O From Soils Of A Grazed Pasture In Ireland,
2023
University of Dublin, Ireland
Fluxes Of Co2 And N2O From Soils Of A Grazed Pasture In Ireland, S. Kumar, M. Abdalla, P. Ambus, A. Mccourt, J. Clifton-Brown, J. Burke, M. Jones, M. L. Willliams
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
As part of a European research program on greenhouse gas flux measurements from agricultural systems, a three year study of both CO2 and N2O fluxes from grassland soils has been established in Ireland. Results presented in this paper represent a preliminary exercise in the modelling of soil respiration.
Net Ecosystem Productivity Of A Grassland In Comparison With An Arable And A Forest Ecosystem,
2023
University College Dublin, Ireland
Net Ecosystem Productivity Of A Grassland In Comparison With An Arable And A Forest Ecosystem, Phillip A. Davis, K. Black, J. Clifton-Brown, G. Lanigan, J. Burke, A. Fortune, M. B. Jones, B. Osborne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grassland, arable farming and forests are the major land use categories in Ireland and it is, therefore, important to know the carbon-source/sink strengths of these land use types. Forest ecosystems are also an important and fast growing land use category in Ireland. Here we present a comparison of the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of these three land use categories (grass land, arable and forest) from three sites.
Sources And Sinks Of Greenhouse Gases From European Grasslands And Mitigation Options: The ‘Greengrass’ Project,
2023
INRA, France
Sources And Sinks Of Greenhouse Gases From European Grasslands And Mitigation Options: The ‘Greengrass’ Project, Jean-François Soussana, V. Allard, P. Ambus, C. Amman, P. Berbigier, C. Campbell, P. Cellier, E. Ceschia, P. Ciais, J. Clifton-Brown, S. Czóbel, R. Domingues, T. De Groot, R. Falcimagne, C. Flechard, J. Fuhrer, G. Gaborit, L. Horváth, A. Hensen, M. B. Jones, S. Jones, G. Kasper, K. Klumpp, P. Laville, C. Martin, C. Milford, Z. Nagy, A. Neftel, E. Nemitz, J. E. Olesen, A. Patterson, K. Pilegaard, A. Raschi, R. Rees, U. Skiba, P. Stefani, S. Salètes, P. Smith, M. A. Sutton, Z. Tuba, A. Van Amstel, A. Van Den Pol-Van Dasselaar, N. Viovy, N. Vuichard, M. Wattenbach, T. Wedinger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Adapting the management of grasslands may be used to enhance carbon sequestration into soil, but could also increase N2O and CH4 emissions. In support of the European post-Kyoto policy, the European 'GreenGrass' project (EC FP5, EVK2-CT2001-00105) has three main objectives: i) to reduce the large uncertainties concerning the estimates of CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes to and from grassland plots under different climatic conditions and assess their global warming potential, ii) to measure net greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes for different management which reflect potential mitigation options, iii) to construct a model of …
Production And Plant Density Of Sulla Grazed By Sheep At Three Growth Stages,
2023
Massey University, New Zealand
Production And Plant Density Of Sulla Grazed By Sheep At Three Growth Stages, H. Krishna, Peter D. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Sulla is one of the few temperate forage legumes that contain enough condensed tannins to improve the efficiency with which livestock use protein (Marshall et al. 1979). However, it usually is productive only for approximately 14 months in New Zealand, and little is known of its response to grazing. This paper reports on the production and persistence of Sulla cv. Necton, when using growth stage as the criterion for time of grazing by sheep in a maritime, temperate environment.
Sward Composition, Forage Yield, And Grazing Effects In Kura Clover And Grass Mixtures,
2023
South Dakota State University
Sward Composition, Forage Yield, And Grazing Effects In Kura Clover And Grass Mixtures, Peter Jeranyama, Richard Leep, Tim Dietz, D. Min
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rotational stocking on mixed pastures of cool season grasses (C3) and kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) can be a sustainable way to reduce cattle feed costs. Kura clover is a long-lived rhizomatous perennial legume of good forage quality under grazing. However, the suitability of diverse grass species in binary mixtures with kura clover has not been reported extensively. This experiment aimed to evaluate sward composition, forage dry matter yield, and post-grazing residue in mixed kura clover and C3 grass pastures.
Metabolic Profiling Of Heathland Plants In The Diet Of Sheep,
2023
Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, UK
Metabolic Profiling Of Heathland Plants In The Diet Of Sheep, Gordon G. Allison, Mariecia D. Fraser, J. M. Moorby, J. Kopka, A. Erban, Vince J. Theobald
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Little is known about how plant biochemistry influences the grazing behaviour of animals grazing heterogeneous vegetation communities. Furthermore, most biochemical profiles of grassland species are restricted to major nutritional characteristics. Recent developments in analytical techniques have made possible the detailed analysis of minor components, which can potentially affect animal feeding preferences, performance and health. Gas chromatography/time of flight mass spectroscopy (GC/TOF-MS) coupled with automated library annotation is ideally suited to the acquisition of detailed metabolite profiles of plant extracts (Wagner et al., 2003) and can be applied to other matrices such as blood and faeces. In this study GC/TOF-MS …
Grazing Behaviour And Selection Of Browse Species By Cattle, Sheep And Goats On Natural Pasture In The Sahelian Zone Of Burkina Faso,
2023
INERA, Burkina Faso
Grazing Behaviour And Selection Of Browse Species By Cattle, Sheep And Goats On Natural Pasture In The Sahelian Zone Of Burkina Faso, H. O. Sanon, C. Zoungrana-Kabore, I. Ledin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pastures in semi-arid countries, are subject to seasonal variability. Browse species that are less dependent on rainfall, are highly valued. Goats are browsers, while cattle and sheep are grazers. However, faced with a scarcity of feed resources, especially in the late dry season, all animal species fall back on browse species. The objective of this study was to estimate feeding behaviour and browse species utilisation by cattle, sheep and goats on natural pasture in different seasons, and concurrently appreciate the indigenous knowledge on browse species in the study area.
