Horticulture Commons^™

Winter Cover Crop Impacts On Weed Dynamics In Eastern And Central Nebraska, Elizabeth Ann Oys

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Reducing tillage in cropping systems causes weed management to be dependent on chemical and cultural methods for weed control. Over time, herbicide-resistant weeds have developed due to the continuous selection pressures from herbicides, particularly in the Midwest Corn Belt. Integrated weed management strategies, such as cover crops, can be used to mitigate some of these issues. Cover crops are primarily known for their soil health benefits, but there is evidence that cover crops can suppress weeds. However, less research has been done at the field-scale level to address cover crop impacts on the weed seedbank and aboveground weeds during the …

Dicamba Tank Mixtures And Formulations And Their Effects On Sensitive Crops During Cleanout Procedures, Vinicius Velho

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The introduction of dicamba-tolerant (DT) soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L) in 2017 provided an additional tool for herbicide resistant weeds management. In the subsequent years, off-target movement of dicamba allegedly caused damage to sensitive crops and vegetation.

Possible causes of off-target movement include tank contamination, physical drift, and volatility. Additional products, such as herbicides to control grass, are often added to tank with dicamba, which is used to control broadleaf weeds, to increase the spectrum of control and application efficiency. Dicamba products registered for DT crops require the use of drift reducing …

Regional Plant Community Differences In The Nebraska Sandhills, Travis Millikan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Nebraska Sandhills is very valuable to the state of Nebraska, representing one of the most in-tact and largest grassland ecosystems in temperate regions in the world. Rangeland managers must understand plant community dynamics across the Sandhills to better inform management decisions. The first objective of this study was to evaluate plant community variability on upland Sands ecological sites across different precipitation zones in the Nebraska Sandhills. The second objective of our study was to utilize the Rangeland Analysis Platform (RAP) to examine spatial and temporal variability in biomass production and cover on pastures of ranches analyzed in the first …

Chromosome-Level Thlaspi Arvense Genome Provides New Tools For Translational Research And For A Newly Domesticated Cash Cover Crop Of The Cooler Climates, Adam Nunn, Isaac Rodríguez-Arévalo, Zenith Tandukar, Katherine Anna Frels, Adrián Contreras-Garrido, Pablo Carbonell-Bejerano, Panpan Zhang, Daniela Ramos Cruz, Katharina Jandrasits, Christa Lanz, Anthony Brusa, Marie Mirouze, Kevin Dorn, David W. Galbraith, Brice A. Jarvis, John C. Sedbrook, Donald L. Wyse, Christian Otto, David Langenberger, Peter F. Stadler, Detlef Weigel, M. David Marks, James A. Anderson, Claude Becker, Ratan Chopra

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) is being domesticated as a winter annual oilseed crop capable of improving ecosystems and intensifying agricultural productivity without increasing land use. It is a selfing diploid with a short life cycle and is amenable to genetic manipulations, making it an accessible field-based model species for genetics and epigenetics. The availability of a high-quality reference genome is vital for understanding pennycress physiology and for clarifying its evolutionary history within the Brassicaceae. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of var. MN106-Ref with improved gene annotation and use it to investigate gene structure differences between two accessions (MN108 …

Abiotic Disorders Of Tomatoes, Nick Volesky, Marion Murray, Sheriden M. Hansen, Maegen A. Lewis

All Current Publications

Monitoring tomato plants regularly from seedling to harvest allows for early detection of abnormal conditions. Although tomato plants can be attacked by a variety of living organisms (insects, mites, pathogens, vertebrates), nonliving (abiotic) conditions can cause just as much damage. Abiotic diseases in tomato plants can arise from nutrient deficiencies, temperature extremes, abnormal lighting, chemical application, changes in water uptake, mechanical damage, genetic mutations, and more. This guide will cover most of the abiotic disorders and diseases that can affect tomatoes in Utah.

Agricultural Intensification Can Help Protect The Amazon Forest And Reduce Global Warming / Protecting The Amazon Forest And Reducing Global Warming Via Agricultural Intensification, Fabio R. Marin, Alencar J. Zanon, Juan P. Monzon, José F. Andrade, Evandro H.F.M. Silva, Gean L. Richter, Luis A.S. Antolin, Bruna S.M.R. Ribeiro, Giovanna G. Ribas, Rafael Battisti, Alexandre B. Heinemann, Patricio Grassini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The Amazon basin includes 550 M ha covered with rainforests, with 60% of this area being in Brazil. Conversion of rainforest for soybean production raises concerns about the degree to which Brazil can reconcile production and environmental goals. Here we investigated the degree to which intensification could help Brazil produce more soybean without further encroachment of the Amazon Forest. Our analysis shows that continuation of current trends in soybean yield and area would lead to conversion of additional 5.7 M ha of forests and savannas during the next 15 years, with an associated 2550 Mt of CO2eq released into the …

Climate Change And Management Impacts On Soybean N Fixation, Soil N Mineralization, N2O Emissions, And Seed Yield, Elvis F. Elli, Ignacio A. Ciampitti, Michael J. Castellano, Larry C. Purcell, Seth Naeve, Patricio Grassini, Nicolas C. La Menza, Luiz Moro Rosso, André F. De Borja Reis, Péter Kovács, Sotirios V. Archontoulis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Limited knowledge about how nitrogen (N) dynamics are affected by climate change, weather variability, and crop management is a major barrier to improving the productivity and environmental performance of soybean-based cropping systems. To fill this knowledge gap, we created a systems understanding of agroecosystem N dynamics and quantified the impact of controllable (management) and uncontrollable (weather, climate) factors on N fluxes and soybean yields. We performed a simulation experiment across 10 soybean production environments in the United States using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and future climate projections from five global circulation models. Climate change (2020–2080) increased N …

Fall-Bearing Cultivars: A High Tunnel System For Early Production, Alyssa Palmer, Brent Black

All Current Publications

Fresh red raspberries are a consumer favorite in Utah and have a high value but short shelf life, making them an excellent candidate crop for local direct market sales. However, Utah’s high-elevation valleys often experience harsh winter temperatures and short growing seasons, limiting raspberry yields. Raspberry plants exhibit one of two fruiting patterns: the summer-bearing type or the fall-bearing varieties, also referred to as “ever bearers” because of their ability to produce both fall and summer crops. These may be better suited in areas with harsh winter conditions that cause cane dieback. High tunnels can be an effective tool in …

Fighting Food Insecurity In New York City: What Role For Street Trees?, Kristen Cooney

Environment and Sustainability Honors Papers

There is growing recognition that urban forests have the potential to combat food insecurity via their edible parts, namely fruits, berries, and nuts. I researched New York City’s street trees, by locating trees with edible parts within food insecure communities, to analyze this potential.

Peningkatan Hasil Tiga Varietas Bawang Merah Asal Biji Dengan Pemanfaatan Pupuk Organik Ikan Di Dataran Tinggi Basah, Bina Karo, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Susilawati Barus, Rina Christina Hutabarat, Rasiska Tarigan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman bawang merah pada musim hujan yaitu dengan penggunaan bahan tanaman yang sehat melalui penggunaan benih true shallot seeds (TSS), karena secara umum penggunaan umbi bawang merah sebagai bahan perbanyakan tidak efektif di musim hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis dan jenis pupuk organik ikan yang dapat meningkatkan produksi tiga varietas bawang merah asal TSS di dataran tinggi basah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei – September 2018 di Instalasi Penelitian dan Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (IP2TP) Berastagi, Kabupaten Karo, pada ketinggian tempat 1340 meter dengan jenis tanah Andisol. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan …

Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Kangkung Akuaponik Dengan Perlakuan Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Foliar Dan Padat Tebar Lele Pada Sistem Budikdamber Lele-Kangkung, Nyayu Siti Khodijah, Reza Arisandi, Herry Marta Saputra, Ratna Santi

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kangkung (Ipomoea reptans Poir) adalah sayuran potensial untuk dikembangkan pada sistem akuaponik. Kelemahan akuaponik adalah nutrisi yang hanya bertumpu pada sisa pakan dan kotoran ikan, sehingga tanaman memerlukan pasokan hara dari sumber lain. Pemberian pupuk foliar merupakan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan hasil kangkung pada sistem akuaponik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk foliar dan padat tebar lele terhadap hasil kangkung pada sistem akuaponik menggunakan budidaya ikan dalam ember (budikdamber). Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai Oktober sampai Desember 2021 di unit Penelitian Universitas Bangka Belitung. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Split Plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama (petak …

Pengujian Karakter Hasil Dan Komponen Hasil Klon Ubi Jalar Berdaging Putih Berdasarkan Analisis Multivariat, Arif Affan Wicaksono, Debby Ustari, Saskia Pratiwi, Syariful Mubarok, Agung Karuniawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Ubi jalar memiliki keragaman genetik yang luas sehingga potensi genetiknya dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Ubi jalar berdaging putih memiliki kandungan pati paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan warna yang lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui variasi karakter hasil dan komponen hasil klon ubi jalar berdaging putih. Percobaan dilakukan di tiga lokasi sentra produksi ubi jalar yakni Kabupaten Sumedang, Kabupaten Garut, dan Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat mulai bulan Desember 2019 hingga Desember 2020. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menguji 11 klon ubi jalar berdaging putih, yang terdiri atas 8 klon hasil persilangan dan 3 varietas cek menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. …

Two Fingerprinting Sets For Humulus Lupulus Based On Kasp And Microsatellite Markers, Mandie Driskill, Katie Pardee, Kim E. Hummer, Jason D. Zurni, Keenan L. Amundsen, Annette Wiles, Claudia Wiedowi, Josef Patza, John A. Henningi, Nahla V. Bassili

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Verification of clonal identity of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars within breeding programs and germplasm collections is vital to conserving genetic resources. Accurate and economic DNA-based tools are needed in dioecious hop to confirm identity and parentage, neither of which can be reliably determined from morphological observations. In this study, we developed two fingerprinting sets for hop: a 9-SSR fingerprinting set containing high-core repeats that can be run in a single PCR reaction and a kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) assay of 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The SSR set contains a sex-linked primer pair, HI-AGA7, that was used …

Landscapes Are Cornerstones Of Sustainability Programs, Don Spence

Sustainability Conference

Typical American landscapes are not sustainable in an economic or biological framework. The essence of the idea of sustainable growth and development are centered on the idea that those activities are not degrading natural resources or that they are outstrip budgets. A significant piece of any sustainable management plan is tied to how we manage our landscapes, how we use plants; specifically, how much grass there is, and how many native plants there are. Sustainable landscapes should require less chemical and financial inputs, which in the end, saves money and increases the biological value of the land and creates a …

Pengaruh Interval Penyiraman Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Adaptasi Tiga Bawang Merah Komersial, Grace Pratiwi Manurung, Kusumiyati, Jajang Sauman Hamdani

Jurnal Kultivasi

Air merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Pemberian air yang sering dapat menyebabkan kelembaban tinggi (> 70%) dan menjadi tempat tumbuh yang baik bagi hama dan penyakit sedangkan air yang tidak mencukupi dapat menyebabkan cekaman kekeringan bagi tanaman. Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang peka terhadap ketersediaan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan interval penyiraman yang efektif dan efisien terhadap pertumbuhan tiga kultivar unggul bawang merah. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan milik Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran (± 730 meter di atas permukaan laut). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi yang …

Penentuan Kebutuhan Air, Pengaturan Volume, Dan Interval Penyiraman Untuk Mengoptimalkan Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Bawang Putih Di Dataran Tinggi, Hamdan Drian Adiwijaya, Ika Cartika, Rofik Sinung Basuki

Jurnal Kultivasi

Bawang putih merupakan jenis tanaman yang biasa ditanam di dataran tinggi tropis yang sangat sensitif terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Kekurangan air dapat menyebabkan pembentukan umbi terhambat sehingga akan mengurangi hasil poduksi. Agar dapat berproduksi optimal bawang putih memerlukan volume dan interval penyiraman yang tepat, sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa kebutuhan air serta berapa banyak volume dan interval penyiraman yang harus diberikan. Penelitian disusun dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah penentuan kebutuhan air, sedangkan tahap kedua adalah eksperimen volume dan interval penyiraman. Penentuan kebutuhan air menggunakan software Cropwat v8.0, sedangkan penelitian kedua menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi. Petak utama …

Variation In Bacterial Community Structure Under Long-Term Fertilization, Tillage, And Cover Cropping In Continuous Cotton Production, Ning Duan, Lidong Li, Xiaolong Liang, Aubrey Fine, Jie Zhuang, Mark Radosevich, Sean M. Schaeffer

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Agricultural practices alter the structure and functions of soil microbial community. However, few studies have documented the alterations of bacterial communities in soils under long-term conservation management practices for continuous crop production. In this study, we evaluated soil bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and soil physical and chemical properties within 12 combinations of inorganic N fertilization, cover cropping, and tillage throughout a cotton production cycle. Soil was collected from field plots of the West Tennessee Agriculture Research and Education Center in Jackson, TN, United States. The site has been under continuous cotton production for 38 years. A total …

Fine Mapping And Cloning Of The Major Seed Protein Quantitative Trait Loci On Soybean Chromosome 20, Christina E. Fliege, Russell A. Ward, Pamela Vogel, Hanh Nguyen, Truyen Quach, Ming Guo, João Paulo Gomes Viana, Lucas Borges Dos Santos, James Specht, Thomas Clemente, Matthew E. Hudson, Brian W. Diers

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a unique crop species because it has high levels of both protein and oil in its seed. Of the many quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling soybean seed protein content, alleles of the cqSeed protein-003 QTL on chromosome 20 exert the greatest additive effect. The high-protein allele exists in both cultivated and wild soybean (Glycine soja Siebold & Zucc.) germplasm. Our objective was to fine map this QTL to enable positional-based cloning of its underlying causative gene(s). Fine mapping was achieved by developing and testing a series of populations in which the chromosomal region surrounding …

Yield, Nutrient Contents And Antioxidant Levels In Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Grown In Aquaponic And Soil Systems, Maryam Ahmed Albedwawi

Theses

A study was conducted to evaluate the performance of Ocimum basilicum L. in both aquaponic and soil systems in the UAE climatic condition. The experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Plants were raised in aquaponic beds with ornamental fishes in different concentrations. At the same time, a set of plants were raised in pots under a greenhouse set-up. The studied parameters were morphological (total weight and leaf number, shoot and root length, number of branches), biochemical (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, anthocyanin, xanthophyll, protein, and phenol contents) and antioxidant levels (Ascorbic acid and tocopherol). For analyzing the stress effects …

Cattle Diet Selection During The Growing Season On Upland Sandhills Rangelands, Alejandro Orozco-Lopez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Sandhills is a diverse and complex ecosystem comprised of different topographic positions (i.e. slopes and interdunes) that influence grazing distribution, plant species composition, and cattle diet selection. The first objective of this study was to evaluate how grazing intensity influences species composition on slopes and interdunes on native rangeland within the Hillside pasture (160 ha) at the UNL Gudmundsen Sandhill’s Laboratory (GSL). The second objective of this study was to evaluate forage quality of individual species from three plant functional groups (i.e. warm-season grasses, cool-season grasses, and forbs/shrubs) on native rangeland within the Hillside pasture (160 ha) at GSL. …