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History Of Grass Breeding For Grazing Lands In The Northern Great Plains Of The Usa And Canada, Kenneth P. Vogel, John Hendrickson 2019 University of Nebraska-Lincoln

History Of Grass Breeding For Grazing Lands In The Northern Great Plains Of The Usa And Canada, Kenneth P. Vogel, John Hendrickson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

• In the early 1930s there were millions of acres of extensively degraded grazing lands and abandoned and eroded cropland in the Northern Plains of the United States and Canada.

• Grass breeding and plant materials programs were established by both the US and Canadian governments and cooperating universities to develop revegetation materials.

• Efforts of a small number of research locations and people resulted in grass cultivars or varieties that were used to revegetate and preserve the soil on millions of acres of land.

• This is a brief history of the people, agencies, and universities that developed these …


Do Cover Crops And Corn Residue Removal Affect Soil Thermal Properties?, Michael Sindelar, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Virginia L. Jin, Richard B. Ferguson 2019 University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Do Cover Crops And Corn Residue Removal Affect Soil Thermal Properties?, Michael Sindelar, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Virginia L. Jin, Richard B. Ferguson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Soil thermal properties govern the transport and storage of heat in the soil. How management practices such as crop residue removal and cover crop (CC) use affect these soil properties is not well understood. For example, CCs could provide physical cover and improve soil properties after main crop residue removal and thus ameliorate the negative effects of residue removal on soil thermal properties. We measured changes in soil thermal properties including soil thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, volumetric heat capacity, and related properties under corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal with and without winter cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) …


Predicting Longitudinal Traits Derived From High-Throughput Phenomics In Contrasting Environments Using Genomic Legendre Polynomials And B-Splines, Mehdi Momen, Malachy T. Campbell, Harkamal Walia, Gota Morota 2019 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Predicting Longitudinal Traits Derived From High-Throughput Phenomics In Contrasting Environments Using Genomic Legendre Polynomials And B-Splines, Mehdi Momen, Malachy T. Campbell, Harkamal Walia, Gota Morota

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Recent advancements in phenomics coupled with increased output from sequencing technologies can create the platform needed to rapidly increase abiotic stress tolerance of crops, which increasingly face productivity challenges due to climate change. In particular, high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) enables researchers to generate large-scale data with temporal resolution. Recently, a random regression model (RRM) was used to model a longitudinal rice projected shoot area (PSA) dataset in an optimal growth environment. However, the utility of RRM is still unknown for phenotypic trajectories obtained from stress environments. Here, we sought to apply RRM to forecast the rice PSA in control and water-limited …


Dedicated Bioenergy Crops And Water Erosion, Bharat Sharma Acharya, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Robert B. Mitchell, Richard Cruse, David Laird 2019 University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Dedicated Bioenergy Crops And Water Erosion, Bharat Sharma Acharya, Humberto Blanco-Canqui, Robert B. Mitchell, Richard Cruse, David Laird

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Information on the water quality impact of perennial warmseason grasses (WSGs) when grown in marginal lands as dedicated energy crops is limited. We studied how WSGs affected runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses and related near-surface soil properties to those of no-till corn (Zea mays L.) on an eroded soil in southwestern Iowa and a center pivot corner in east-central Nebraska. The experiment at the eroded soil was established in 2012, and treatments included ‘Liberty’ switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and no-till continuous corn. The experiment at the pivot corner was established in 2013 with ‘Liberty’ switchgrass, ‘Shawnee’ switchgrass, low-diversity grass …


Shifting Avian Spatial Regimes In A Changing Climate, Caleb P. Roberts, Craig R. Allen, David G. Angeler, Dirac Twidwell 2019 University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Shifting Avian Spatial Regimes In A Changing Climate, Caleb P. Roberts, Craig R. Allen, David G. Angeler, Dirac Twidwell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In the present era of rapid global change, development of early warnings of ecological regime shifts is a major focus in ecology. Identifying and tracking shifts in spatial regimes is a new approach with potential to enhance understanding of ecological responses to global change. Here, we show strong directional non-stationarity of spatial regimes identified by avian community body mass data. We do this by tracking 46 years of avian spatial regime movement in the North American Great Plains. The northernmost spatial regime boundary moved >590 km northward, and the southernmost boundary moved >260 km northward. Tracking spatial regimes affords decadal …


Rapid Metabolism Increases The Level Of 2,4-D Resistance At High Temperature In Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus), Chandrima Shyam, Amit J. Jhala, Greg Kruger, Mithila Jugulam 2019 Kansas State University

Rapid Metabolism Increases The Level Of 2,4-D Resistance At High Temperature In Common Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus), Chandrima Shyam, Amit J. Jhala, Greg Kruger, Mithila Jugulam

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Common waterhemp emerges throughout the crop growing season in the Midwestern United States, and as a result, the seedlings are exposed to a wide range of temperature regimes. Typically, 2,4-D is used in the Midwest to control winter annual broad-leaf weeds before planting soybean and in an early post-emergence application in corn and sorghum; however, the evolution of 2,4-D-resistant common waterhemp in several Midwestern states may limit the use of 2.4-D for controlling this problem weed. Moreover, temperature is one of the crucial factors affecting weed control efficacy of 2,4-D. This research investigated the effect of temperature on efficacy of …


ทรานสคริปโทมของข้าวพันธุ์พื้นเมืองไทยภายใต้ภาวะเครียดจากความเค็ม, พีรวัธน์ จันทนกูล 2019 คณะวิทยาศาสตร์

ทรานสคริปโทมของข้าวพันธุ์พื้นเมืองไทยภายใต้ภาวะเครียดจากความเค็ม, พีรวัธน์ จันทนกูล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ข้าว (Oryza sativa L.) เป็นพืชอาหารสำคัญในภูมิภาคเอเชีย ซึ่งในภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือของไทยนั้นถือเป็นแหล่งผลิตข้าวสำคัญที่มีคุณภาพดีแต่มีผลผลิตต่ำเนื่องจากภาวะดินเค็มที่ส่งผลต่อการเจริญเติบโตและความสามารถในการติดเมล็ด จากการประเมินการตอบสนองต่อภาวะเค็มในกล้าข้าวพบว่าข้าวพันธุ์หลวงประทานซึ่งเป็นข้าวพันธุ์พื้นเมืองไทยแสดงลักษณะการทนเค็ม ดังนั้น จึงทำการศึกษาทรานสคริปโทมที่เวลา 0 3 6 12 24 และ 48 ชั่วโมง หลังจากได้รับภาวะเค็มเพื่อศึกษากลไกการทนเค็มของข้าวพันธุ์นี้โดยใช้เทคนิค 3’-Tag RNA-seq ผลการศึกษาพบว่ามียีนที่แสดงออกอย่างแตกต่างเป็นครั้งแรกภายหลังเผชิญกับภาวะเค็มเป็นเวลา 12 ชั่วโมง ได้แก่ OsRCI2-5 ซึ่งเป็นยีนที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการส่งสัญญาณ และเมื่อเวลาผ่านไป 24 ชั่วโมงพบว่า OsRMC ซึ่งเป็นยีนที่สามารถตอบสนองต่อภาวะเครียดจากความเค็มแสดงออกมาอย่างแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ และเมื่อพืชเผชิญกับภาวะเค็มเป็นเวลา 48 ชั่วโมงพบว่ามียีนที่แสดงออกอย่างแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญจำนวน 63 ยีน ซึ่งมีหน้าที่เกี่ยวข้องกับความสามารถในการทนเค็ม ผลการวิเคราะห์โครงข่ายการแสดงออกร่วมของยีนที่ภาวะเค็มทั้ง 63 ยีน จากการคำนวณค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์แบบพลวัตบางส่วน พบว่า OsRCI2-5 และ OsRMC มีการแสดงออกร่วมกับยีนที่ทำหน้าที่ควบคุมการแสดงออกของยีนอื่น ๆ ประกอบด้วย Transcription factor และ Ubiquitin ligase enzyme โดยในภาวะเค็ม OsRMC มีส่วนทำให้มีการแสดงออกมากขึ้นของยีนที่เกี่ยวกับการตอบสนองเพื่อป้องกันตนเองของพืชจากปัจจัยทางชีวภาพ จากการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมเพื่อยืนยันผลกระทบของภาวะเค็มต่อการแสดงออกของยีนที่ระบุได้ ด้วย qRT-PCR ในข้าวพันธุ์ต่าง ๆ พบว่า OsRCI2-5 และ OsRMC เป็นยีนที่พืชตอบสนองต่อภาวะเค็มและเกี่ยวข้องกับกลไกการทนเค็มในข้าวพันธุ์หลวงประทาน


การชักนำแคลลัสและผลของเอลิสิเทอร์ต่อฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของแคลลัสฟักข้าวMomordica Cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. ที่เลี้ยงในอาหารเหลว, สุพรรษา พลายเปี่ยม 2019 คณะวิทยาศาสตร์

การชักนำแคลลัสและผลของเอลิสิเทอร์ต่อฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของแคลลัสฟักข้าวMomordica Cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. ที่เลี้ยงในอาหารเหลว, สุพรรษา พลายเปี่ยม

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ฟักข้าว (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng) หรือแก็ก (gac) เป็นพืชไม้เลื้อยที่อยู่ในวงศ์ Cucurbitaceae โดยฟักข้าวนั้นมีสารปฐมภูมิและสารทุติยภูมิสะสมอยู่ในทุกส่วนของต้น ประกอบไปด้วยแคโรทีนอยด์ กรดไขมัน วิตามินอี โพลีฟีนอล และ ฟลาโวนอยด์ ซึ่งทำให้การใช้ประโยชน์ของฟักข้าวถูกบันทึกลงในการแพทย์แผนโบราณของหลายประเทศ ในปัจจุบันมีการใช้เอลิสิเทอร์หลากหลาย เช่น ไคโทซาน และ เมทิลแจสโมเนต (MeJA) เพื่อเพิ่มปริมาณสารทุติยภูมิในพืช ดังนั้นในงานวิจัยนี้จึงมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาการชักนำแคลลัสฟักข้าวและศึกษาผลของไคโทซานน้ำหนักโมเลกุลสูง (HMC) ไคโทซานน้ำหนักโมเลกุลต่ำ (LMC) ความเข้มข้น 10 และ 20 mg/l MeJA ความเข้มข้น 100 และ 150 µM ต่อฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของแคลลัสฟักข้าวที่เลี้ยงในอาหารเหลว สำหรับการทดลองชักนำการเกิดแคลลัส ได้นำส่วนยอดและส่วนข้อของต้นฟักข้าวปลอดเชื้อมาเลี้ยงในอาหารแข็งสูตร MS ที่ประกอบไปด้วย 2,4-D และ BA พบว่าในสูตรอาหารที่ประกอบด้วย 0.8 mg/l 2,4-D + 0 mg/l BA 0.8 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.4 mg/l BA และ 0.8 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.8 mg/l BA สามารถชักนำการเกิดแคลลัสได้ดีที่สุด ในส่วนของการศึกษาผลของเอลิสิเทอร์ต่อฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของแคลลัสฟักข้าว HMC, LMC หรือ MeJA ถูกเติมลงในอาหารวันที่ 18 ของการเพาะเลี้ยงแคลลัสในอาหารเหลว และเก็บตัวอย่างแคลลัสในวันที่ 20 และ 22 ของการเพาะเลี้ยงเพื่อศึกษาฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชัน ผลการทดลองพบว่าเอลิสิเทอร์ไม่มีผลเพิ่มฤทธิ์ต้านออกซิเดชันของแคลลัสฟักข้าวที่เวลาดังกล่าว ยกเว้นในชุดการทดลองที่เติม 150 µM MeJA พบว่าในวันที่ 22 ของการเพาะเลี้ยงแคลลัสมีปริมาณของแคโรทีนอยด์มากกว่าชุดควบคุมและชุดทดลองอื่นๆอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ


Recovering Our Roots: The Importance Of Salish Ethnobotanical Knowledge And Traditional Food Systems To Community Wellbeing On The Flathead Indian Reservation In Montana., Mitchell Rose Bear Don't Walk 2019 University of Montana, Missoula

Recovering Our Roots: The Importance Of Salish Ethnobotanical Knowledge And Traditional Food Systems To Community Wellbeing On The Flathead Indian Reservation In Montana., Mitchell Rose Bear Don't Walk

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

This thesis provides a culturally-comprehensive review of the plants utilized for food in the Bitterroot Salish tribe of northwestern Montana. As part of the larger Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes (CS&KT) of the Flathead Indian Reservation, the Bitterroot Salish historically utilized hundreds of plants for food, medicine and hygiene. This thesis aims to highlight food plants and their important cultural components. The information herein is a combination of history, ethnography, linguistics, ethnobotany, and first-hand experience with the current Salish community to provide a holistic framework of understanding traditional food plants today. A comprehensive plant list is provided with Latin, Salish …


Competition Or Facilitation: Examination Of Interactions Between Endangered Sida Hermaphrodita And Invasive Phragmites Australis, Samantha N. Mulholland 2019 Wilfrid Laurier University

Competition Or Facilitation: Examination Of Interactions Between Endangered Sida Hermaphrodita And Invasive Phragmites Australis, Samantha N. Mulholland

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Virginia Mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) is a perennial herb of the Malvaceae family that is native to riparian habitats in northeastern North America. Throughout most of its geographical distribution however, it is considered threatened and only two populations are known from Canada. The biology and ecology of S. hermaphrodita are still poorly understood and although few studies have been performed to determine the factors that contribute to the species rarity, it is considered threatened potentially due to the loss of habitat caused by exotic European Common reed (Phragmites australis subsp. australis) invasion. Allelopathic and phytotoxic conditioning of …


Three Sister Crops: Understanding American Indian Agricultural Practices Of Corn, Beans And Squash, Sara Colombe, Madhav P. Nepal, Larry B. Browning, Matthew L. Miller, P. Troy White 2018 Hoven High School, Hoven, South Dakota

Three Sister Crops: Understanding American Indian Agricultural Practices Of Corn, Beans And Squash, Sara Colombe, Madhav P. Nepal, Larry B. Browning, Matthew L. Miller, P. Troy White

iLEARN Teaching Resources

American Indians have practiced an inter-planting system to produce corn, beans, and squash, for generations. These crops are known as the “Three Sisters”. In this lesson developed for secondary agriscience curriculum, students will understand the past, current and future production practices of the three important crops. Students will also apply their knowledge to understand the crop selection process and relate to the changing environment.


Living Shoreline Stabilization To Increase Resiliency At De Soto National Memorial, Linda Walters, Melinda Donnelly, Christian Pilato, Suzanne Connor 2018 University of Central Florida

Living Shoreline Stabilization To Increase Resiliency At De Soto National Memorial, Linda Walters, Melinda Donnelly, Christian Pilato, Suzanne Connor

CEELAB Research Data

De Soto National Memorial (Bradenton, FL) is an important location where both Native Americans and De Soto's army of soldiers once lived. We have been working closely with the National Park Service and the University of Central Florida to understand how to best stabilize this shoreline using living shoreline techniques combined with long-term natural recruitment. Stabilizing De Soto's shoreline is essential to decrease erosion and shoreline loss to protect the Park's cultural and natural resources, especially the numerous historically significant shell middens. Through pre-restoration monitoring, we determined that high-energy boat wakes were limiting natural mangrove recruitment. Lack of retention of …


Systematics Of Malesian-Pacific Piper (Piperaceae), Rani Asmarayani 2018 University of Missouri - St. Louis

Systematics Of Malesian-Pacific Piper (Piperaceae), Rani Asmarayani

Dissertations

Comprised of ~2400 spp., Piper is a major clade in the magnoliid angiosperms. Three major groups are recognized in Piper, i.e., the Neotropical, Asian and South Pacific. Unlike Neotropical Piper,relationships in the Paleotropical Piper remain enigmatic. This study focused on the Paleotropical Piperwith emphasize on the Malesian-Pacific Piper, Malesia being the center of diversity of the genus in the Paleotropics. The goals are to evaluate relationships within Paleotropical Piper (chapter 1), to evaluate characters, morphological (chapter 1) and stem anatomical (chapter 2), that may distinguish clades, and to investigate the species boundaries focusing on the well-supported …


Recoupling Fire And Grazing Reduces Wildland Fuel Loads On Rangelands, Heath D. Starns, Samuel D. Fuhlendore, R. Dwayne Elmore, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, Eric T. Thacker, Torre J. Hovick, Barney Luttbeg 2018 Oklahoma State University & Texas AgriLife Research

Recoupling Fire And Grazing Reduces Wildland Fuel Loads On Rangelands, Heath D. Starns, Samuel D. Fuhlendore, R. Dwayne Elmore, Dirac L. Twidwell Jr, Eric T. Thacker, Torre J. Hovick, Barney Luttbeg

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fire suppression and exclusion, the historically dominant paradigm of fire management, has resulted in major modifications of fire-dependent ecosystems worldwide. These changes are partially credited with a recent increase in wildfire number and extent, as well as more extreme fire behavior. Fire and herbivory historically interacted, and research has shown that the interaction creates a unique mosaic of vegetation heterogeneity that each disturbance alone does not create. Because fire and grazing have largely been decoupled in modern times, the degree to which the interaction affects fuels and fire regimes has not yet been quantified. We evaluated effects of fire-only and …


Review: Canids Of The World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, And Their Relatives. José R. Castelló., Jonathan (Jon) Way 2018 Founder of Eastern Coyote/Coywolf Research

Review: Canids Of The World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, And Their Relatives. José R. Castelló., Jonathan (Jon) Way

The Prairie Naturalist

Canids of the World is one of those reads where just when you think that something cannot be beat, this book comes out. What I mean by that is that I have read many works on wolves and other canids, most recently Nate Blakeslee’s American Wolf (Way 2017), and I have enjoyed and been enthralled with many of them. But Canids of the World may take the cake for being the most impressive book available on canids. For a modest price of just under $30.00, you can own a book that has over 600 amazing high-resolution glossy photographs of every …


New Breeding Record And Location For Wilson’S Phalarope (Phalaropus Tricolor) In The Nebraska Great Plains, Usa, Madison O. Sutton, Nico Arcilla 2018 Crane Trust

New Breeding Record And Location For Wilson’S Phalarope (Phalaropus Tricolor) In The Nebraska Great Plains, Usa, Madison O. Sutton, Nico Arcilla

The Prairie Naturalist

Wilson’s phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor; Scolopacidae) is a migratory shorebird that relies on interior wetlands for foraging and breeding (Colwell and Jehl 1994, van Gils et al. 2018). Its global population status is unclear (Colwell and Jehl 1994, Lesterhuis and Clay 2010), and is variously listed as declining (Morrison et al. 2006, van Gils et al. 2018), increasing (Andres 2009, BirdLife International 2018), and exhibiting a long-term decline but recent stability (Sauer et al. 2011, Andres et al. 2012). Its global population estimate of 1.5 million birds has not been updated for 30 years, since 1988 (Colwell and Jehl 1994, Lesterhuis …


Review: Behavior Of The Golden Eagle: An Illustrated Ethogram. David H. Ellis (Illustrated By N. John Schmitt)., Jeremy E. Guinn 2018 United Tribes Technical College

Review: Behavior Of The Golden Eagle: An Illustrated Ethogram. David H. Ellis (Illustrated By N. John Schmitt)., Jeremy E. Guinn

The Prairie Naturalist

Author David H. Ellis and illustrator N. John Schmitt deliver precisely what is promised in Behavior of the Golden Eagle: An Illustrated Ethogram. This “little volume,” as the author coins it, represents a single source for defining, identifying, and describing behaviors of the Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos). With the inclusion of Schmitt’s exceptional drawings, the book is a piece of art, as well as the most useful manual describing Golden Eagle behaviors. Nearly four decades earlier, Ellis (1979) authored the very first Golden Eagle ethogram—the set of repeated standard behaviors for a species called action patterns—and in his new book, …


Review: Edges And Rushes Of Minnesota: The Complete Guide To Species Identification, Welby R. Smith; Photography By Richard Haug, Edward S. DeKeyser 2018 North Dakota State University--Fargo

Review: Edges And Rushes Of Minnesota: The Complete Guide To Species Identification, Welby R. Smith; Photography By Richard Haug, Edward S. Dekeyser

The Prairie Naturalist

Even the most seasoned individual with a plant identification background can relate to the difficulty of identifying sedges and rushes to the species level. Historically, one has had to rely on dichotomous keys to identify a sedge or rush species in the field. After hours of frustration, a person ends up collecting the plant and, if lucky, bringing the collection back to a herbarium where it can be compared to known specimens. I have been collecting and identifying sedge and rush species for over 25 years, and author Welby Smith along with photographer Richard Haug have published what I believe …


Red-Bellied Snake (Storeria Occipitomaculata) Copulation In South Dakota, Drew R. Davis 2018 University of Texas Rio Grande Valley & Smithsonian Institution, Washington

Red-Bellied Snake (Storeria Occipitomaculata) Copulation In South Dakota, Drew R. Davis

The Prairie Naturalist

Storeria occipitomaculata is a small, terrestrial species of snake that occurs across much of eastern North America (Ernst and Barbour 1989, Ernst 2002, Ernst and Ernst 2003). Due to this widespread distribution, S. occipitomaculata faces varied climates that likely result in regional differences in reproductive phenology. Much of what is known about the reproductive ecology of S. occipitomaculata has been documented from the southeastern portion of its range in North America (South Carolina: Semlitsch and Moran 1984, North Carolina: Willson and Dorcas 2004), though Blanchard (1937) studied a population from northern Michigan. The exact reproductive timing in this …


Where Are All Of Arkansas' Chinquapins? An Ecological Assessment Of Castanea Throughout The State, Logan Pierce Estes 2018 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville

Where Are All Of Arkansas' Chinquapins? An Ecological Assessment Of Castanea Throughout The State, Logan Pierce Estes

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Around the turn of the twentieth-century, the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica) was accidentally introduced into North America. This strong pathogen, which specializes on trees of the genus Castanea, spread rapidly and within half a century had nearly extirpated North America’s Castanea natives from their ranges. During this catastrophe, the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) garnered much of the scientific attention, pushing the other Castanea natives – the chinquapins – to the wayside. More than a century following the spread of the blight, little research into the ecology of North America’s chinquapins had been performed, leaving these trees significantly underrepresented. The …


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