Botany Commons^™

Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fatty Acid Desaturase7 (FAD7) is a chloroplast-localized enzyme that converts 16 and 18 carbon dienoic fatty acids to trienoic fatty acids. The suppressor of prosystemin-mediated response2 (spr2) mutant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the fad7-1 mutant in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in the loss of function of FAD7, which alter the fatty acid profiles of chloroplast membranes and enhance resistance against aphids. This research contributes toward the long-term goal of identifying factors that determine aphid resistance in FAD7 mutants. Previous data suggested constitutive differences between spr2 and WT including increased expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and differences in redox …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2018, R. D. Bond, J. A. Still, J. F. Carlin

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Investigation Of Alternative Hosts And Agronomic Factors Affecting Xanthomonas Vasicola Pv. Vasculorum, Causal Agent Of Bacterial Leaf Streak Of Corn, Terra Marie Hartman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of corn, was first reported in the U.S. in 2016 on Nebraska corn leaf samples. Prior to this report, the pathogen had only been reported on corn in South Africa. After the Nebraska report, the pathogen was reported on corn in Argentina, Brazil, and several U.S. states. This pathogen has an extensive host range, which includes sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), palm species (Dictyosperma album, Roystonea regia, and Areca catechu) and broom bamboo (Thysanolaena maxima). Plants commonly found in …

Identification Of Genes/Genomic Regions Controlling Resistance To Biotic And Abiotic Stresses In Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat, Madhav Bhatta

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW; 2n=6x=42, AABBDD, Triticum aestivumL.) is produced from an interspecific cross between durum wheat (2n=4x=28, AABB, T. turgidumL.) and goat grass (2n=2x=14, DD, AegilopstauschiiCoss.). It is reported to have a considerable amount of genetic diversity and is a potential source of novel alleles controlling abiotic and biotic stresses resistance and improving wheat quality. Therefore, the first study was to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of SHWs and compare the genetic diversity of SHWs with elite bread wheat (BW) cultivars. The result of this study identified a wide range of genetic diversity within …

Canavalia Gladiata And Dolichos Lablab Extracts For Sustainable Pest Biocontrol And Plant Nutrition Improvement In El Salvador, Carlos Martinez

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Botanical repellents and pesticides are now being rediscovered as new tools for integrated pest management in order to reduce the use of toxic chemicals in crop production. Canavalia gladiata and Dolichos lablab are two Fabaceae very well adapted to farmlands of El Salvador, effective as living barriers and mostly as cover crops, however, they are not yet very well disseminated. This document describes the potential for using the liquid extracts and the dry flour of raw seeds of those plants for economic benefit and practical convenience for pest management in Salvadorian agriculture under field conditions. Seed extracts were useful when …

Assessment Of Soil Fertility Under Different Land-Use Systems In Dhading District Of Nepal, Sudarshan Kharal, Babu Ram Khanal, Dinesh Panday

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Unscientific land use and cropping techniques have led high soil erosion and degradation of soil quality in the mid-hills of Nepal. To understand the effects of land use systems for selected soil chemical properties in mid-hills, composite soil samples at 0 cm to 20 cm depth were collected from five different land-use systems: Grassland, forest land, upland, lowland, and vegetable farms from Dhading district of Nepal in 2017. Soil samples were analyzed for soil fertility parameters: Soil pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K) and its effect due to different land use systems were …

Research Report: Prevalence And Mechanism Of Atrazine Resistance In Waterhemp From Nebraska, Rodrigo Werle, Mithila Jugulam, Greg Kruger, Amaranatha Vennapusa, Felipe Faleco, Bruno Viera, Spencer Samuelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Waterhemp is a troublesome summer annual broadleaf weed species that has evolved resistance to glyphosate and other herbicide sites of action (SOA) in Nebraska, including to groups 2 (i.e., Classic, Pursuit, FirstRate), 4 (i.e., 2, 4-D), 5(i.e., atrazine) and 27 (e.g., Callisto, Laudis). The overall objectives of this study were to

1. Evaluate the eficay of PRE applied atrazine, metribuzin and sulfentrazone to control Nebraska waterhemp populations;
2. Evaluate the efficacy of POST applied atrazine to control Nebraska waterhemp populations; and
3. Determine the mechanism of atrazine resistance in Nebraska waterhemp populations.

Digital Soil Mapping In The Bara District Of Nepal Using Kriging Tool In Arcgis, Dinesh Panday, Bijesh Maharjan, Devraj Chalise, Ram Kumar Shrestha, Bikesh Twanabasu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Digital soil mapping has been widely used to develop statistical models of the relationships between environmental variables and soil attributes. This study aimed at determining and mapping the spatial distribution of the variability in soil chemical properties of the agricultural floodplain lands of the Bara district in Nepal. The study was carried out in 23 Village Development Committees with 12,516 ha total area, in the southern part of the Bara district. A total of 109 surface soil samples (0 to 15 cm depth) were collected and analyzed for pH, organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P, expressed as P_{2 …}

Acidulant Effect On Greening, Reducing Capacity, And Tryptophan Fluorescence Of Sunflower Butter Cookie Dough During Refrigerated Storage, Joele Tsopkeng Atonfack, Zeynep Akyol Ataman, Lilian M. Were

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

BACKGROUND: Sunflower seed derived butter can be a source of protein and phenolic antioxidants in refrigerated dough. Chlorogenic quinone-amino acid induced greening can however occur at alkaline pH, which could result in less bioavailable conjugated phenol-amino acids. Acidulants were tested as potential anti-greening ingredients in refrigerated chemically leavened cookie dough. Effect of refrigerated storage time, leavening agents and acidulants on tryptophan fluorescence (»ex=280nm, »em=300-500), color (hunter LAB), reducing capacity (DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent reducing capacity/FCRC), and hydroxycinnamic acids were measured.

RESULTS: The pH range of acidified doughs was 4.83–6.98 compared to 7.65- 9.18 in nonacidified leavened doughs after 24 days. …

Overexpression Of The Sorghum Bicolor Sbccoaomt Alters Cell Wall Associated Hydroxycinnamoyl Groups, Hannah M. Tetreault, Erin D. Scully, Tammy Gries, Nathan A. Palmer, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Bruce S. Dien, Gautam Sarath, Thomas E. Clemente, Scott E. Sattler

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a drought tolerant crop, which is being developed as a bioenergy feedstock. The monolignol biosynthesis pathway is a major focus for altering the abundance and composition of lignin. Caffeoyl coenzyme-A O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) is an S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)-dependent O-methyltransferase that methylates caffeoyl-CoA to generate feruloyl-CoA, an intermediate required for the biosynthesis of both G- and S-lignin. SbCCoAOMT was overexpressed to assess the impact of increasing the amount of this enzyme on biomass composition. SbCCoAOMT overexpression increased both soluble and cell wall-bound (esterified) ferulic and sinapic acids, however lignin concentration and its composition …

Elucidating Sorghum Biomass, Nitrogen And Chlorophyll Contents With Spectral And Morphological Traits Derived From Unmanned Aircraft System, Jiating Li, Yeyin Shi, Arun-Narenthiran Veeranampalayam-Sivakumar, Daniel P. Schachtman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) provide an efficient way to phenotype cropmorphology with spectral traits such as plant height, canopy cover and various vegetation indices (VIs) providing information to elucidate genotypic responses to the environment. In this study, we investigated the potential use of UAS-derived traits to elucidate biomass, nitrogen and chlorophyll content in sorghum under nitrogen stress treatments. A nitrogen stress trial located in Nebraska, USA, contained 24 different sorghum lines, 2 nitrogen treatments and 8 replications, for a total of 384 plots. Morphological and spectral traits including plant height, canopy cover and various VIs were derived from UAS flights …

A Catalog Of Orchid Species And Their Distribution In Mazumbai Forest Reserve, Tanga Region, Tanzania, Sierra Loomis

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Although orchids are common in Mazumbai Forest Reserve (MFR), there are limited resources on where they grow and how to identify them. The primary objective of this study is to create an updated catalog of orchids in MFR, using species abundance, richness and diversity of the orchids as indicators of where orchids prefer to grow in MFR. Orchid species vary greatly as altitude changes, making it important to survey orchids across different altitudes. Therefore, Mazumbai Forest was split into five different altitudinal bands spanning 1400 – 1900m and six 100 x 20m plots in each band were surveyed for both …

He Effects Of Climate Change On Native Icelandic Plants: A Morphometric Analysis, Maia Jones

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

This study seeks to evaluate the morphology of three native Icelandic plant species, Alchemilla alpina, Arabidopsis petraea, and Silene uniflora, in order to determine if changing climatic conditions have had an effect on Icelandic vegetation during the twentieth century. I measured herbarium specimens collected during a time period before 1950, and during the period from the late 1960s to the present. Using traditional morphometrics methods, I searched for changes in morphological traits such as plant height, leaf length to width ratio, and leaf size, then performed two-tailed t-tests to analyze the results of the analyses. I found significant changes …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2017, Fred Bourland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Ingredient-Specific Calorie Information On Calories Ordered, Christopher R. Gustafson, Eliana Zeballos

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Providing calorie labeling is a widely used strategy to combat obesity. However, there is little evidence that the availability of calorie information at food-away-from-home establishments has an effect on food choices. Listing calorie information for each ingredient, though, may allow customers to avoid high-calorie items that add little to their enjoyment. Data from a natural experiment were used to compare total calories ordered before and after the provision of per-ingredient versus for build-your-own sandwiches, and per-sandwich for pre-defined sandwiches, at a supermarket sandwich counter. Sandwich order slips from a Lincoln, Neb. supermarket were collected from December 15, 2016 to February …

Checklist Of The Vascular Plants Of Redwood National Park, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Vascular Plants Of Eagle Creek Campground, Trinity County, James P. Smith Jr

Botanical Studies

No abstract provided.

Stevens, Donald (Fa 1205), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project 1205. Student paper titled “Digging Ginseng” in which Donald Stevens describes the process of locating, cleaning, drying, and selling ginseng root. Stevens collected information from Charlie Dean Ashley, a Breckenridge County native, and Stevens’ neighbor in Dillsboro, Indiana. The paper also includes a photograph of Ashley along with his favorite hunting grounds.

Typification Of The Genus Dicaryum (Verbenaceae), John J. Pipoly Iii, Jon M. Ricketson

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

The genus Dicaryum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. was described in 1819 and does not have a type species. Two species were described, and one, D. subdentatum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., is better selected as the type because the other species, D. serrulatum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., is not a Verbenaceae but rather a Primulaceae-Myrsinoideae and belongs to Geissanthus Hook. f. Given the circumstances, we choose D. subdentatum as the type species of Dicaryum, which is a synonym of Citharexylum ilicifolium Kunth.

Phylogenomic Evidence For Ancient Recombination Between Plastid Genomes Of The Cupressus-Juniperus-Xanthocyparis Complex (Cupressaceae), Andan Zhu, Weishu Fan, Robert P. Adams, Jeffrey P. Mower

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Phylogenetic relationships among Eastern Hemisphere cypresses, Western Hemisphere cypresses, junipers, and their closest relatives are controversial, and generic delimitations have been in flux for the past decade. To address relationships and attempt to produce a more robust classification, we sequenced 11 new plastid genomes (plastomes) from the five variously described genera in this complex (Callitropsis, Cupressus, Hesperocyparis, Juniperus, and Xanthocyparis) and compared them with additional plastomes from diverse members of Cupressaceae.

Results: Phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding genes recovered a topology in which Juniperus is sister to Cupressus, whereas a tree based on …