Botany Commons^™

Pollination Of Basalt Daisy (Erigeron Basalticus: Asteraceae), Diedra Petrina

All Master's Theses

Erigeron basalticus (basalt daisy) is a rare plant occupying a very restricted range of approximately 52 km² in only two counties (Kittitas and Yakima) in central Washington State. Growing out of the cracks and crevices of basalt columns, the population of E. basalticus is fragmented and confined to its unique niche. The entire population consists of approximately 8,000 individuals.

This study focused on the pollination system of E. basalticus, specifically self-pollination and a determination of the most frequent insect visitors. Erigeron basalticus was determined to be primarily self-incompatible, therefore, pollinators will be important for successful pollination to occur.

A …

Phylogenetic Relationships Between Malcolmia, Strigosella, Zuvanda, And Some Closely Related Genera (Brassicaceae) From Turkey Revealed By Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat Amplification, Beki̇r Doğan, Murat Ünal, Fevzi̇ Özgökçe, Esra Marti̇n, Ayla Kaya

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Malcolmia W.T.Aiton is taxonomically problematic, and some of its species have recently been transferred to the genera Strigosella Boiss. and Zuvanda Dvorák. Three species of this genus are native to Turkey. The revision studies based on molecular data, which were collected in the past few years, display the phylogenetic relations and the systematic positions of the taxa more reliably and apparently. Thus taxonomic problems of species are resolved through DNA-based molecular analyses, which are not affected by environmental factors compared to phenotypic studies. In the present study, the amplifications of the DNA fragments were carried out using ISSR …

Verbascum Ergin-Hamzaoglui (Scrophulariaceae), A New Species From South Anatolia, Turkey, Fai̇k Ahmet Karaveli̇oğullari, Sezgi̇n Çeli̇k, Bi̇rol Başer, Ahter Fi̇şne

Turkish Journal of Botany

Verbascum ergin-hamzaoglui Karavel. sp. nova (Sect. Bothrosperma Murb.), is described for the first time to the scientific community from South Anatolia in Turkey. The diagnostic morphological characters of these new species and other closely related species (V. diversifolium Hochst. and V. cymigerum Hub.-Mor.) are discussed. In addition, distribution maps of V. ergin-hamzaoglui and its related species are provided. The pollen morphologies of 3 taxa belonging to Verbascum L. from the family Scrophulariaceae from Turkey were investigated using a light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). This family's pollens show similarities to the eurypalynous family. The pollens of these taxa …

A Multivariate Analysis Of The Vegetation Of Cedrus Deodara Forests In Hindu Kush And Himalayan Ranges Of Pakistan: Evaluating The Structure And Dynamics, Moinuddin Ahmed, Syed Shahid Shaukat, Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui

Turkish Journal of Botany

This investigation focuses on the multivariate analysis of the vegetation of the Hindu Kush and Himalayan ranges of Pakistan, concentrating on the dynamics of Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D.Don) G.Don. The study includes 47 stands from 23 different locations in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The point-centred quarter method and 1.5-m radius circular plots were used for the sampling of tree and understorey vegetation, respectively. The size, age structure, and growth rates of Cedrus deodara were also examined in order to trace its dynamics, and an attempt was made to determine the relationships between environmental factors and vegetation. The quantitative …

Pollen Analysis Of Honeys From Varaždin County, Croatia, Mirjana Sabo, Mirjana Potocnjak, Ines Banjari, Danijela Petrovic

Turkish Journal of Botany

The palynological properties of 8 honey samples commercially produced in 1 region in Croatia (Varazdin County) were determined. Each sample was examined to determine the pollen percentage and pollen spectrum. On the basis of honey pollen analysis, in these 8 samples different botanical origin was determined. In total, 20 different types of pollen grains were identified. The dominant group of pollen grains consisted of Castanea sativa Mill. in samples 2 and 8, Brassica napus L. in samples 4 and 5, and Trifolium pratense L. in samples 6 and 7. The pollen analysis revealed 6 unifloral and 2 multifloral honeys. Analysis …

Can Resource-Use Traits Predict Native Vs. Exotic Plant Success In Carbon Amended Soils?, Robert J. Steers, Jennifer L. Funk, Edith B. Allen

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Productivity in desert ecosystems is primarily limited by water followed by nitrogen availability. In the deserts of southern California, nitrogen additions have increased invasive annual plant abundance. Similar findings from other ecosystems have led to a general acceptance that invasive plants, especially annual grasses, are nitrophilous. Consequently, reductions of soil nitrogen via carbon amendments have been conducted by many researchers in a variety of ecosystems in order to disproportionately lower invasive species abundance, but with mixed success. Recent studies suggest that resource-use traits may predict the efficacy of such resource manipulations; however, this theory remains largely untested. We report findings …

Morphological, Chemical, And Molecular Analyses Of Turkish Papaver Accessions (Sect. Oxytona), İskender Parmaksiz, Sebahatti̇n Özcan

Turkish Journal of Botany

The species of the section Oxytona Bernh., classified under the genus Papaver L., are of great importance due to their medical alkaloid contents such as morphine, codeine, and thebaine. A clearly established classification system is not available for Oxytona species. The aim of this study was to find relationships among 53 accessions belonging to 3 important Oxytona species, i.e. Papaver bracteatum Lindl., P. orientale L., and P. pseudo-orientale (Fedde) Medw., using 19 different morphological characters, 1 chemical character, and 15 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Nineteen characters, including bract and sepal leaves, petal marks, and capsule shape and size …

Micromorphological Studies On Nutlet And Leaf Indumentum Of Genus Teucrium L. (Lamiaceae) In Iran, Maryam Eshratifar, Farideh Attar, Kazem Mahdigholi

Turkish Journal of Botany

The micromorphology of leaf indumentum and nutlet surface of 12 species belonging to the 6 sections of the genus Teucrium L. was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Eight types of trichomes are identified including unbranched unicellular trichomes, unbranched multicellular trichomes, sessile glands, subsessile glands, stalked-multicellular glands long clavate glandular trichomes (with 3-5 cells), trichomes with large thin-wall, trichomes with non-micropapillate basal cell, which are the most general types on the adaxial side of the leaves, and branched trichome with long axis is the exclusive type and present in Teucrium polium L. Thus, trichomes can be used as a distinctive …

In Vitro Propagation Of Endemic And Endangered Muscari Mirum From Different Explant Types, Ayşe Gül Nasircilar, Semra Mi̇ri̇ci̇, Ümmü Özgül Karagüzel, Özkan Eren, İbrahi̇m Baktir

Turkish Journal of Botany

A protocol for in vitro propagation of Muscari mirum Speta, an endangered geophyte of the family Hyacinthaceae, was developed. Bulb scale, scape, leaf, and immature embryo explants were cultured on different nutrient media compositions supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators (BAP, NAA, TDZ, Picloram, 2,4-D). Scape explants produced callus only. Higher numbers of bulblets were obtained from bulb scale explants than embryo explants. The highest percentage of the bulb formation (23.50 per explant) were obtained from bulb scale explants consisting of 4 scale segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg L^{-1} 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) …

Bark Anatomy Of Quercus Cerris L. Var. Cerris From Turkey, Ali̇ Umut Şen, Teresa Quilhó, Helena Pereira

Turkish Journal of Botany

Quercus cerris L. var. cerris has a conspicuous bark which is generally thicker than that of other Quercus L. species in Turkey. The present study aimed to provide detailed anatomical characterisation of the bark of this species, which is necessary to assess its potential. The anatomical studies were conducted on the bark samples of nine 70- to 80-year-old trees growing in 3 sites of Andırın district from Kahramanmaraş province in Turkey. For microscopic observation transverse and longitudinal sections were prepared and individual specimens were taken for maceration. The bark is composed of phloem, periderm, and a very substantial rhytidome. The …

Cicer Uludereensis Dönmez: A New Species Of Cicer (Chickpea) (Fabaceae) From Around The Fertile Crescent, Se Turkey, Ali̇ Aslan Dönmez

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genus Cicer L. includes an important crop plant, chickpea, which has been used as a protein source since prehistoric times. Specimens of a native Cicer have been collected and described from south-east Turkey. This new species, Cicer uludereensis Dönmez sp. nova, is distinct from a closely allied species, Cicer isauricum P.H.Davis, by its fine and more numerous teeth per leaflet, larger stipules, and narrower fruit with almost smooth seed surface. An illustration and a distribution map of the new species are provided and observations on the population are discussed.

A New Taxon Of Anthemis L. (Asteraceae) From Turkey: Anthemis Pauciloba Boiss. Var. Alba Hamzaoğlu & Budak Var. Nova, Ergi̇n Hamzaoğlu, Ümi̇t Budak, Murat Koç

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anthemis pauciloba Boiss. var. alba Hamzaoğlu & Budak var. nova (Asteraceae) is described as a new variety from Niğde province. A Latin diagnosis, a taxonomic description, and an illustration are given.

A Syntaxonomical Study On The Scrub, Forest, And Stepe Vegetation Of The Kızılırmak Valley, Hasan Korkmaz, Ali̇ Engi̇n, Hamdi̇ Güray Kutbay, Erkan Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Botany

The scrub, forest, and steppe vegetation of the Kızılırmak valley situated between Kepez gorge and Devrez stream was investigated based on the traditional Braun-Blanquet method, and mainly new associations and subassociations were identified and classified. The syntaxonomic scheme was as follows: Quercetea ilicis Br.-Bl. ex A. de Bolòs Y Vayreda 1950 Quercetalia ilicis Br.-Bl. 1947 1-Cotino coggyriae-Pinetum brutiae ass. nova 2-Buxo sempervirentis-Arbutetum unedonis Karaer et al. 2010 3-Spiraeo crenatae-Oleetum sylvestris Karaer et al. 2010 4-Rubo sancti-Viticetum agni-casti ass. nova Quercetea pubescentis Doing-Kraft ex Scamoni & Passarage 1959 Querco cerridis-Carpinetalia orientalis Akman, Quézel & Barbéro 1980 Carpino betuli-Acerion hyrcani Quézel, Barbéro …

Pollen Morphology Of The Genus Seseli L. (Umbelliferae) In Turkey, Ebru Doğan Güner, Hayri̇ Duman, Nur Münevver Pinar

Turkish Journal of Botany

Morphological features of pollen of 11 Turkish taxa belonging to the complex genus Seseli L. were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of exine sculpturing, 3 main types were recognised in Seseli: Type 1, rugulate at equator, psilate-perforate at pole; Type 2, striate-reticulate at equator, rugulate at pole; and Type 3, rugulate at equator, striate at pole. The study revealed that palynological characters display taxonomic significance in the genus.

Micropropagation And Root Culture Of Turkish Endemic Astragalus Chrysochlorus (Leguminosae), Semra Hasançebi̇, Nesli̇han Turgut Kara, Özgür Çakir, Şule Ari

Turkish Journal of Botany

Efficient micropropagation and root culture protocols were developed for the endemic Astragalus chrysochlorus Boiss. & Kotschy. A high frequency of shoot formation (100%) and maximum multiplication (13 shoots per hypocotyl explant) were achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L trans-Zeatin riboside (ZR). By using single regenerated hypocotyl explants, rooting was achieved at a rate of 93% on MS medium containing 2% sucrose without growth regulators. High frequency callus initiation and growth were achieved when single hypocotyl explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Plant regeneration through indirect organogenesis was achieved on …

The Effect Of In Vitro Competition On Shoot Regeneration From Hypocotyl Explants Of Linum Usitatissimum, Mustafa Yildiz, Çağlayan Sağlik, Cansu Telci̇ Kahramanoğullari, Emi̇ne Gülden Erkiliç

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between in vitro competition and stress, and their effects on tissue culture response of Linum usitatissimum L. hypocotyl explants. Competition among explants was achieved by varying the spacing among the explants cultured. Four different culture spacing distances were used: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 cm. Six weeks after culture initiation, hypocotyl fresh and dry weights, shoot regeneration percentage, shoot number per hypocotyl, regenerated shoot length, total shoot number per petri dish, and total chlorophyll content were recorded. The results showed that encouraging competition among explants by decreasing spacing among them from …

Additional Macrofungi Records From Trabzon Province For The Mycobiota Of Turkey, Ilgaz Akata, Mehmet Gökhan Halici, Yasi̇n Uzun

Turkish Journal of Botany

Four macrofungi taxa (Conocybe filaris (Fr.) Kühner, Hygrocybe glutinipes (J.E.Lange) R.Haller Aar. var. glutinipes, Inocybe calospora Quél., and I. margaritispora (Berk.) Sacc.) collected from Trabzon province are reported from Turkey for the first time. Comments on their habitats and substrata and a short diagnosis are provided for each new taxon new to Turkey.

New Ascomycete Records For The Macrofungi Of Turkey, Hakan Alli, Mustafa Işiloğlu, Mehmet Hali̇l Solak

Turkish Journal of Botany

Anthracobia melaloma, Scutellinia barlae (Pyronemataceae), and Pseudoplectania vogesiaca (Sarcosomataceae) ascomycetous members of macrofungi collected from Muğla and Antalya provinces are recorded for the first time from Turkey. Anthracobia and Pseudoplectania are also new records at genus level.

Rare And Endemic Species: Why Are They Prone To Extinction?, Kani̇ Işik

Turkish Journal of Botany

A species is considered to be "rare" if it exhibits any one of the following attributes: (1) naturally occurs in a narrow geographical area, (2) occupies only one or a few specialised habitats, (3) forms only small population(s) in its range. An "endemic" species, however, grows naturally in a single geographical area, the size of which could be either narrow or relatively large. Not all endemic species are rare, just as not all rare species must necessarily be endemic. Many rare and/or endemic species exhibit one or more of the following attributes which make them especially prone to extinction: (1) …

The Effect Of Thidiazuron On The In Vitro Shoot Development Of Endemic Astragalus Cariensis In Turkey, Semi̇ha Eri̇şen, Emi̇ne Atalay, Mustafa Yorgancilar

Turkish Journal of Botany

Thidiazuron (TDZ) is a cytokinin-like substance that has often been used for shoot regeneration in recent years. We observed the effect of TDZ on callus formation and shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole explants of the endemic species Astragalus cariensis Boiss. Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media including TDZ (in concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 mg/L) or in combination with \alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (in concentrations of 0.2 or 1.0 mg/L). Significant variations in the frequency of callus formation and the morphogenesis of the callus were obtained depending on the explant type. Petiole explant was determined to …