Botany Commons^™

New Records Of Some Ascomycete Truffle Fungi From Turkey, Azi̇z Türkoğlu, Michael Angelo Castellano

Turkish Journal of Botany

We report the first records of 6 Ascomycete truffle taxa in Turkey: Genea verrucosa Vittad., Genea klotzschii Berk. & Broome, Stephensia bombycina (Vittad.) Tul. & C.Tul., Terfezia olbiensis Tul. & C.Tul., Tuber excavatum Vittad., and Tuber rufum Pico. We also report new localities within Turkey for Picoa juniperi Vittad., Terfezia leptoderma Tul. & C.Tul., Choiromyces meandriformis Vittad., Tuber brumale Vittad., Tuber nitidum Vittad., and Tuber mesentericum Vittad.

Leaf Morphology And Shoot Regeneration Of In Vitro Cultured Explants From Species Of The Solanum Peruvianum S.L. Complex, Carlos Trujillo-Moya, Rosa Peiró, Carmina Gisbert

Turkish Journal of Botany

We studied leaf morphology in in vitro plants of species segregated from the Solanum peruvianum L. s.l. complex: S. arcanum Peralta, S. corneliomulleri J.F.Macbr., S. huaylasense Peralta, and S. peruvianum L. s.str. In these species, the regeneration ability from root and leaf explants cultured in vitro in 2 organogenic media (SIM-1 and SIM-2) was also evaluated in a total of 16 accessions. These species can be differentiated by the number of leaflets, leaflet dentation of the in vitro cultured plants, and leaf area (for S. arcanum). Regarding regeneration, intraspecific and interspecific variability was observed. The accession LA-2185 of S. arcanum …

New Lauraceous Species From The Siwalik Forest Of Arunachal Pradesh, Eastern Himalaya, And Their Palaeoclimatic And Palaeogeographic Implications, Mahasin Ali Khan, Subir Bera

Turkish Journal of Botany

Leaf remains of 4 lauraceous taxa collected from the Siwalik sediments (Middle Miocene to Pliocene) of Arunachal Pradesh of eastern Himalaya are described in the present communication. One fossil leaf, Cinnamomum palaeobejolghota sp. nov., was recovered from the lower part of the Siwalik succession (Dafla Formation; Middle to Upper Miocene), while Persea mioparviflora sp. nov., Persea preglaucescens sp. nov., and Lindera neobifaria sp. nov. were collected from the middle part of the Siwalik succession (Subansiri Formation; Pliocene) of Arunachal sub-Himalaya. The geographic distribution of the fossils and their modern counterparts is discussed and on that basis tropical vegetation under warm …

Molecular Phylogeny Of Chlorella-Related Chlorophytes (Chlorophyta) From Anatolian Freshwaters Of Turkey, Özgür Baytut, Cem Tolga Gürkanli, Ari̇f Gönülol, İbrahi̇m Özkoç

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aimed to investigate molecular taxonomic diversity of unicellular chlorophyte strains in the northern Anatolian freshwater habitats of Turkey. Five strains were isolated from various habitats i.e. salty lagoons, shallow lakes, or slow-flowing creeks. The habitats chosen were Cernek lagoon (Kızılırmak Delta, Samsun), Kara lake (Çubuk, Ankara), Sarıkum lagoon (Sinop), and Sırakaraağaçlar creek (Sinop). Although the observations based on light microscopy showed no significant differences in cell morphologies, phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of nuclear 18S rDNA and chloroplast 16S rDNA regions suggested that our isolates are related to 3 chlorophyte species: Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (S705, S706, and …

Morphology Of The Seed Coat Of Oxalis Spp. From Buenos Aires Province (Argentina), Sonia Rosenfeldt, Beatriz Gloria Galati

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of the present study is to provide detailed morphological descriptions of the seed coat in 10 species of Oxalis from Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The seed is ovate and brown, and its surface is smooth. Oxalis has a mechanism of spermobolia by which a part of the seed coat is detached by the rupture of cells, leaving exposed a layer of opened cells, generally with oxalate crystals. This new coat surface has different characteristics in the species studied in this work. Three types are recognized, mostly on the basis of anatomical …

Subcellular Localization And Developmental Regulation Of Cytosolic, Soluble Pyrophosphatase Isoforms In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Zahi̇de Nesli̇han Öztürk, Steffen Greiner, Thomas Rausch

Turkish Journal of Botany

Pyrophosphate (PP_{I}) is the by-product of several reversible key reactions of primary metabolism. Thus, generated PP_i should be removed by hydrolysis via pyrophosphatases to prevent accumulation and to drive anabolism. In plastids, a plastidic, soluble pyrophosphatase splits PP_i released by ADPG pyrophosphorylase. The cytosolic PP_i pool is believed to be hydrolyzed by tonoplast- and/or Golgi-integral H^{+}-translocating pyrophosphatases. The Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. genome encodes 6 soluble pyrophosphatase isoforms (PPas), 1 of which was shown to be localized in plastids. The remaining 5 of those PPas (PPas 1-5) are more similar to each other with highly conserved protein sequences. They all …

Sfa Gardens Newsletter, Winter 2014-15, Sfa Gardens, Stephen F. Austin State University

SFA Gardens Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Identification Of A Sphingolipid Α-Glucuronosyltransferase That Is Essential For Pollen Function In Arabidopsis, Emilie A. Rennie, Berit Ebert, Godfrey P. Miles, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Katy M. Christiansen, Solomon Stonebloom, Hoda Khatab, David Twell, Christopher J. Petzold, Paul D. Adams, Paul Dupree, Joshua L. Heazlewood, Edgar B. Cahoon, Henrik Vibe Scheller

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids are a major class of lipids in fungi, protozoans, and plants. GIPCs are abundant in the plasma membrane in plants, comprising around a quarter of the total lipids in these membranes. Plant GIPCs contain unique glycan decorations that include a conserved glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue and various additional sugars; however, no proteins responsible for glycosylating GIPCs have been identified to date. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE1 (IPUT1) transfers GlcA from UDP-GlcA to GIPCs. To demonstrate IPUT1 activity, we introduced the IPUT1 gene together with genes for a UDP-glucose dehydrogenase …

Identification Of Differentially Expressed Genes Between Sorghum Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Stress Tolerance By Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling, Malleswari Gelli, Yongchao Duo, Anji Reddy Konda, Chi Zhang, David R. Holding, Ismail M. Dweikat

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Sorghum is an important cereal crop, which requires large quantities of nitrogen fertilizer for achieving commercial yields. Identification of the genes responsible for low-N tolerance in sorghum will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-N tolerance, and also facilitate the genetic improvement of sorghum through marker-assisted selection or gene transformation. In this study we compared the transcriptomes of root tissues from seven sorghum genotypes having differential response to low-N stress.

Results: Illumina RNA-sequencing detected several common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between four low-N tolerant sorghum genotypes (San Chi San, China17, KS78 and high-NUE bulk) and three …

Low-Copy Nuclear Gene And Mcgish Resolves Polyploid History Of Eleusine Coracana And Morphological Character Evolution In Eleusine, Qing Liu, Bin Jiang, Jun Wen, Paul Michael Peterson

Turkish Journal of Botany

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. (finger millet) is the third most important cereal crop in semiarid regions of the world, but the degree of relatedness of finger millet with other species in the genus is unverified. The study of morphological character evolution in Eleusine Gaertn. has lagged behind due to lack of relevant research. Polyploidy history of finger millet was analyzed using waxy sequences together with multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (McGISH). In the waxy phylogenetic tree, sequences of 2 homoeologous loci were isolated from 3 tetraploids: Eleusine coracana, E. africana Kenn.-O'Byrne, and E. kigeziensis S.M.Phillips. The 3 species grouped with …

Gladiolus Osmaniyensis (Iridaceae), A New Species From South Anatolia, Turkey, Mehmet Sağiroğlu, Gençay Akgül

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new species, Gladiolus osmaniyensis Sağıroğlu (Iridaceae), is described and illustrated from South Anatolia, Turkey. G. osmaniyensis is morphologically close to G. attilae and G. atroviolaceus. The ecology and phenology of the new species as well as its etymology, conservation status, and diagnostic morphological features are discussed. In addition, the seed surfaces of the G. osmaniyensis, G. attilae, and G. atroviolaceus are examined by SEM. The geographical distribution of the new species and the morphologically related species are mapped as well.

Morphology, Histochemistry, And Ultrastructure Of Foliar Mucilage-Producing Trichomes Of Harpagophytum Procumbens (Pedaliaceae), Yougasphree Naidoo, Samia Heneidak, Arvind Bhatt, Nazeera Kasim, Gonasageran Naidoo

Turkish Journal of Botany

The morphology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of foliar mucilage-producing trichomes of Harpagophytum procumbens are investigated using a combination of light and electron microscopy. The leaves of H. procumbens bear short and long glandular trichomes comprising 1 or 2 basal epidermal cells, a stalk of 1-3 cells, a short neck cell, and a head of 2-5 cells. These trichomes are distributed on both leaf sides with a greater abundance on the abaxial side. Both types of trichomes secrete copious amounts of secretion as droplets onto the leaf surface, and the release occurs through micropores in the head cuticles. The secreted material is …

Interspecific In Vitro Hybridization In Genus Centaurium And Identification Of Hybrids Via Flow Cytometry, Rapd, And Secondary Metabolite Profiles, Tijana Banjanac, Branislav Siler, Marijana Skoric, Nabil Ghalawenji, Milica Milutinovic, Dragana Bozic, Danijela Misic

Turkish Journal of Botany

Most of the species from the genus Centaurium Hill readily hybridize between themselves in natural habitats. Artificial interspecific hybrid plants were obtained under in vitro conditions using reciprocal crosses between 4 species: Centaurium erythraea, C. littorale, C. maritimum, and C. pulchellum. Among 76 crossing experiments performed, 3 types of crosses produced seeds and gave 20 interspecific hybrid plants. Nuclear DNA quantification, fingerprinting of molecular markers, and determination of variation in main secondary metabolite content were employed to confirm their hybrid nature. All 3 approaches were capable of detecting hybrid plants. RAPD molecular markers proved to be the most reliable, always …

Expression Of Sod Gene And Evaluating Its Role In Stress Tolerance In Nacl And Peg Stressed Lycopersicum Esculentum, Semra Aydin, İlker Büyük, Emi̇ne Sümer Aras

Turkish Journal of Botany

Antioxidant enzyme mechanisms are important for protecting crop productivity against stressful environmental conditions. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate lipid peroxidation (via malondialdehyde (MDA)) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression profiles, and SOD enzyme activities in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) plants subjected to different concentrations (100 and 150 mM) and time periods of NaCl and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stress (3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, and 48 h). Enhancement of lipid peroxidation in plants may be attributed to the increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results indicated the antioxidant responses of tomato plants could be …

Modulation Of Osmotic Adjustment And Enzymatic Antioxidant Profiling In Apera Intermedia Exposed To Salt Stress, Evren Yildiztugay, Ceyda Özfi̇dan Konakçi, Mustafa Küçüködük, Yağmur Duran

Turkish Journal of Botany

The effects of salinity on growth, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidative responses were evaluated in Apera intermedia. For this purpose, 30-day-old plants were irrigated every other day with Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0, 150, 300, or 600 mM NaCl for 7 and 14 days. The results showed inhibition of growth, relative growth rate, relative water content, and osmotic potential with increasing NaCl concentration. Increased Na^+, Cl^-, and Na^{+}/K^+ ratio and decreased K^+ and Ca^{2+} were determined with increasing NaCl concentrations. The activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were conspicuously enhanced at 150 mM NaCl, but activities of catalase, peroxidase, and …

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Antioxidant Enzymes, And Growth Responses Of Jatropha Curcas During Soil Flooding, Krishan Kumar Verma, Munna Singh, Ramwant Kumar Gupta, Chhedi Lal Verma

Turkish Journal of Botany

The response of chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic CO_2 assimilation (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), electrolyte leakage, and transpiration (E) was observed in Jatropha curcas seedlings subjected to soil flooding. A strong reduction in growth, leaf-area expansion (64%), and stomatal conductance (45%) impaired photosynthetic CO_2 assimilation (66%), which eventually reduced biomass yield. The ratio between variable-to-initial chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fo) and the maximum quantum yield efficiency of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was used to explore damage associated with the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus. A strong, non-linear correlation between physiological parameters and soil flooding duration was found. Our study primarily revealed consequences of epigenetics, …

Does Gypsum Influence Seed Germination?, Eva M. Cañadas, Miguel Ballesteros, Francisco Valle, Juan Lorite

Turkish Journal of Botany

Flora inhabiting gypsum outcrops in arid environments shows a high level of specialization. However, the processes involved are still unclear, specifically at the key stage of germination. Here, to assess whether gypsum could chemically influence seed germination, we tested the germination of species according to 3 functional groups: gypsophiles, gypsovags, and calcicoles. A total of 24 taxa were selected, all occurring in gypsum and limestone substrates, under a semiarid and dry Mediterranean climate. Three levels of gypsum (CaSO_{4}^.2H_{2}O) solution (low = 0.5 g/L, medium = 1 g/L, and high = 2.4 g/L) and 1 control treatment of distilled water were …

Phytoplankton Functional Groups Provide A Quality Assessment Method By The Q Assemblage Index In Lake Mogan (Turkey), Ayşe Ni̇lsun Demi̇r, Özden Fakioğlu, Berri̇n Dural

Turkish Journal of Botany

The aim of this research is to test the Q phytoplankton assemblage index based on phytoplankton functional groups in Lake Mogan and to provide a quality state estimation by data from 2006. Phytoplankton was sampled at 2 stations of the lake, paralleled with physical (water temperature, Secchi depth, pH, conductivity) and chemical (DO, chlorophyll-\alpha, alkalinity, total hardness, soluble reactive phosphorus, total phosphorus, NO_{2}-N, NO_{3}-N, NH_{3}-N) analyses. The Q index was able to follow the main seasonal changes of the physical and chemical parameters and indicated a moderate ecological status for Lake Mogan. Phytoplankton biomass varied between 0.75 and 10.12 mg/L …

Onopordum Hasankeyfense (Asteraceae), A New Species From South-Eastern Turkey, Süleyman Mesut Pinar, Lütfi̇ Behçet

Turkish Journal of Botany

Onopordum hasankeyfense Pınar & Behçet (Asteraceae: Cardueae) from south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey, is described. This species grows on the rocky slopes beneath the Hasankeyf castle in the Hasankeyf District (C8, Batman province). Morphologically, the new species is related to Onopordum anatolicum (Boiss.) Boiss. & Heldr. ex Eig, a species endemic to central and western Anatolia, and O. acanthium L. This new species differs from the others in its indumentum, capitulum shape, phyllary colour and shape, unequal corolla lobes, and pappus. The ecology and phenology of the new species, as well as its etymology and diagnostic features, are presented and discussed. Images …

Study On Seed Morphometry Of Some Threatened Western Himalayan Orchids, Jagdeep Verma, Kusum Sharma, Kranti Thakur, Jaspreet Kaur Sembi, Suraj Prakash Vij

Turkish Journal of Botany

Physical seed characteristics of 32 threatened Western Himalayan orchids belonging to 23 genera of 3 subfamilies were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The species showed remarkable seed shape variations (fusiform, spathulate, ovoid, filiform) irrespective of their taxonomic position. Epiphytes produced relatively small-sized seeds compared to their terrestrial, lithophytic, or mycoheterotrophic counterparts. Seeds were truncated (length/width < 6.0) in 27 species, and were mostly elongated (length/width = 19.957 ± 1.459) in the orchidoid species Goodyera biflora (Lindl.) Hook.f. The number or size of testa cells was found fairly consistent at the genus level, and their walls were straight, sinuous, or undulate. Periclinal walls possessed vertical or oblique ornamentation in 6 species, which is of taxonomic implication. Embryos were rather tiny and most of the seed space (even >90% in 7 species) was occupied by air. The highest seed to embryo volume ratio was recorded in terrestrial Liparis odorata (Willd.) Lindl. and the lowest in epiphytic Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume, both of which are members of the advanced Epidendroideae. Seed characteristics …