Botany Commons^™

A New Species From Türkiye: Erigeron Akaydinii (Asteraceae), Batikan Günal, Gürkan Semi̇z, Sultan Akyol

Turkish Journal of Botany

Erigeron akaydinii Günal & Semiz sp. nov., belonging to the Trimorpha Cass. (DC) section (Asteraceae), is described as a new species from Uludağ Mountain (Bursa, Türkiye). This study examines the diagnostic traits of E. akaydinii and related species, including morphological, palynological, and molecular analyses. Notes on the ecology, distribution, and conservation status of the new species are also provided, along with a diagnostic key for relevant taxa.

Ecological Assessment Of Lentic Ecosystems In Ceyhan River Basin Using Phytoplankton Indices, Abuzer Çelekli̇, Emi̇ne Yonca Gümüş, Tolga Çeti̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

Increasing exploitation of water resources has led to declining water quality in aquatic environments. Freshwater ecosystems face various environmental pressures, such as the impacts of climate change and intensifying land-use practices. This study aimed to assess the ecological preferences of phytoplankton communities and determine the ecological status (ES) of several reservoirs and lakes in Ceyhan River Basin across different seasons. A canonical correspondence analysis was conducted to understand the associations between phytoplankton assemblages and stressors in freshwater ecosystems, revealing a strong correlation of 97%. The factors that most influenced the distribution of phytoplankton species were electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total …

Genome-Wide Association Of Gene Regions Controlling Selenium And Magnesium Accumulation In Walnuts (Juglans Regia L.), İrem Büyükalgan, Bülent Yağmur, Erdal Orman, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç, Duygu Ateş

Turkish Journal of Botany

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is one of the most economically important species. It is of great importance to the food industry due to its nutritional value, and high content of many beneficial components such as macro and microelements. In the current study, the aim was to determine markers of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with the gene(s) controlling the accumulation of Selenium (Se) and Magnesium (Mg) in walnuts. Se and Mg concentrations were measured in 154 genotypes of Juglans regia in 2021 and 2022. A total of 16,473 SNP markers were used for association mapping to analyze the marker-trait associations. …

A New Coralloid Arecoid Palm Root Mat From The Deccan Intertrappean Beds Of India And Its Significance, Sanchita Kumar, Robert Spicer, Mahasin Ali Khan

Turkish Journal of Botany

A new fossil-species of coralloid palm root mat under the organ genus Rhizopalmoxylon is reported from the latest Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) to earliest Danian (Early Palaeocene) sediments (c. 66–65Ma) of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. The significant anatomical attributes, specifically an exodermis comprising 2–4 layered parenchymatous cells; a 5–8 layered homogeneous outer cortex, a highly lacunate inner cortex central diffuse layer of aerenchyma with well-developed radially elongated cells arranged in 2–4 rows, and a stele consisting of radial and exarch vascular bundles with proto and metaxylem strands reveal its close resemblance to root mats of extant …

Complete Genome Analyses Of A Novel Narlivirus Identified In The Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Amanita Vidua, Ilgaz Akata, Eda Kumru, Gülce Edi̇ş, Ertuğrul Kaya, Ergi̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Botany

The widespread utilisation of deep sequencing has dramatically enhanced and revolutionised our understanding of virus diversity, particularly in complex environments such as soil and biological samples. This research explored mycovirus sequence analyses in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita vidua, utilising deep sequencing alongside total double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extractions. Our investigation unveiled a unique member of the proposed family, Narliviridae, designated as Amanita vidua narlivirus 1 (AvNV1), in an A. vidua specimen. AvNV1, classified under Amabiliviricetes, possesses a distinct genome structure and sequence attributes. T horough analyses indicated that AvNV1 exhibits sequence similarities with other mycoviruses from the proposed family Narliviridae and …

Unveiling The Physical Interaction Between Gsnor1 And Trx-H Isoforms, Anika Tabassum, Gary J. Loake

Turkish Journal of Botany

This study aims to investigate any possible interaction between two highly conserved regulators of cellular SNO levels: S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR1) and thioredoxin (TRX). These two enzymes control global S-nitrosylation levels and thus impact the cellular redox state during immune responses. A mutant line (Δtrx1trx2sfa1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MaV203 strain was generated to explore this possibility rather than using a classical strain. We identified and characterized the physical interaction between GSNOR1 and Arabidopsis cytosolic h isoforms in a yeast two-hybrid screen. Out of the seven TRX isoforms, AtGSNOR1 displayed a high interaction with AtTRXh3, AtTRXh4, and AtTRXh5 (AtTRXh5>AtTRXh4 & AtTRXh3). …

Understanding Temporal Changes In Leaf Traits Of Native Smilax Rotundifolia And Invasive Lonicera Japonica Using Long-Term Herbarium Records From Kentucky, Claudia Ebbecke, Claudia Ebbecke

Honors College Theses

Herbarium specimens are the most valuable, verifiable, and sustainable records to study the impacts of climate change on natural ecosystems. Temporal herbarium data can provide critical information on how species respond to changes in habitat conditions by tracking changes in species’ morphological and phenological traits. This study aims to use Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia) to assess the impact of climate change on invasive and native plants. Leaf traits, such as leaf size and stomatal density are good indicators of plant’s adaptation to the changing environment. By examining changes in leaf traits …

Genomic Structure Among Populations Of A Regionally Rare Perennial Plant Indicates The Need For Reevaluation Of Management Units, Cheyenne Moore, Angela J. Mcdonnell, Scott Schuette, Christopher T. Martine

Faculty Journal Articles

Conservation of rare species often relies on the delineation of management units and genomic tools can now be applied for this purpose. However, this is not as common on a local scale, where populations are often small and fragmented, despite the utility of informing conservation and management practice at the regional level. We use a genotyping by sequencing (GBS) approach to assess the perennial riparian plant species Baptisia australis (Fabaceae) in Pennsylvania, where the taxon is at the edge of its natural distribution and considered threatened. In this system, we investigate whether sampled subpopulations exhibit genetic structure. We find that …

Investigation Into Mycorrhizae Associated With Native Venus' Flytrap Root Tissue, Anna Carnaggio

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dionaea muscipula, a plant commonly known as the Venus' flytrap, is found native to the southeast corner of North Carolina and the northeast corner of South Carolina. Several populations of native Venus' flytraps are known to exist in the nutrient-poor peat bog conditions in and around Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve (LOBHP) in Northeastern South Carolina. Anthropogenic pressures in Horry County, specifically surrounding LOBHP, have resulted in a loss of habitat for several native and endangered species. As a result, conservation efforts are focused on relocating native Venus' flytraps into adjacent habitats to ensure survival. This is only a temporary …

Improving Nitrogen Management And Corn Productivity Through Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizer And Cover Crop Integration In Nebraska Cropping Systems, Madhusudhan Adhikari

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Effective nitrogen (N) management is vital for sustaining corn yield and reducing environmental impacts in Nebraska cropping systems. Three field studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of 1) fertilizer type (anhydrous ammonia [AA] with nitrification inhibitor: enhanced efficiency fertilizer [EEF] or AA without EEF) and N application timing (pre-plant vs. split with side-dress UAN) on in-season soil N availability, crop response, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, residual soil N and N use efficiencies (NUEs); 2) winter cover crop (CC) species and crop rotation variability on CC biomass production, N uptake, soil N dynamics, and cash crop performance in …

Extending Cover Crop Growing Window To Improve The Health Of Environmentally Sensitive Soils, Noshin Ara Tunazzina

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Sloping and sandy soils are highly susceptible to degradation. The health of these soils could be improved with cover crops (CCs). However, CC effectiveness in improving soil health mainly depends on CC biomass production, which is often low in temperate regions. The question is: how can we increase CC biomass production? Lengthening the CC growing window can be a potential strategy. This study assessed how 1) interseeded and terminated early (2-3 weeks before crop planting) CC, 2) interseeded and terminated late (at crop planting) CC, 3) drilled (after harvest) and terminated early CC, 4) drilled and terminated late CC, and …

Chromosome Evolution Model Reveals Hidden Variation In Karyotype-Driven Speciation In Ferns, Thomas Buchloh

All Theses

Because karyotype change commonly generates reproductive isolation between diverging species, rapid karyotype evolution, like that seen in plants, may increase the total rate of diversification. However, few studies have investigated this predicted relationship. Tests of this prediction have identified a positive correlation between the rate of karyotype change (specifically whole genome duplications) and diversification, but tests have been restricted to relatively small and young clades. Fortunately, novel macroevolutionary models have recently become available to investigate patterns of karyotype evolution in large phylogenies, providing new opportunity to investigate variation in karyotype driven diversification. Ferns are one of the most karyotype rich …

Effects Of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms On Microbial Community Dynamics And Plant Growth Responses Of Aeroponically Cultivated Spinach, Veronica Snow

All NMU Master's Theses

Regional food insecurity caused by the inability to use conventional farming techniques year-round in cold climates increases the need for access to quality, locally sourced, and affordable foods year-round. Shifting from a soil-based system to aeroponics can increase yields, as aeroponic systems are not weather-reliant and can operate year-round. Aeroponics, a subgroup of hydroponics, induces growth by misting nutrient-rich solutions onto the plant roots. These systems use space and water more efficiently and rely less on fertilizers and pesticides but are vulnerable to errors in nutrient application, power loss, and rapid pathogen spread. Adding Vermicompost (VCT) and plant growth-promoting microorganisms …

Patterns Of Fire History And Vegetation Changes In The Last 5000 Years: A Paleoecological Study Of Iquitos, Annabel Zwarts

Theses and Dissertations

The vegetation of the Amazonian rainforest is hypothesized to have been shaped by pre-Columbian activities, such as burning and palm management to various extents. Management of palms is hypothesized to have caused some of the most useful species to become hyperdominant in Amazonia. This study investigated the extent to which human activities over the past 5000 years affected palm abundances in mature lowland rainforests near Iquitos, Peru. I used phytoliths and charcoal from soil cores to determine the history of local floras, and modern palm surveys to compare modern phytolith occurrence with modern vegetation. Because pre-Columbian activity clustered along the …

Raíces Y Recuerdos: Plantas Ornamentales Para Entornos Saludables, Adriana Hernández Bustos, María Janeth Camargo Garzón, María Victoria Rojas Martínez, Segundo Leonardo Cortes López

Ciencias de la Salud

El reino vegetal es un universo lleno de vida, colores, texturas, aromas y beneficios que trascienden a través del tiempo. Es un aliado perfecto para el trabajo conjunto e intergeneracional; para este caso, las plantas no solo embellecen los paisajes y espacios, sino que tienen además el poder de mejorar nuestra calidad de vida, especialmente cuando se integran en actividades terapéuticas y sociales con personas mayores.

Life After Death: Investigating The Resistance And Recovery Of Fungal Communities To Foundation Tree Mortality, Jessie F. Marlenee

Biology ETDs

Tree mortality can have cascading effects on the composition and resilience of interacting fungal communities. Yet, little is known about the impact tree mortality, distinct from abiotic drivers (i.e., drought), has on these communities. This dissertation focuses on the resilience of fungal communities to experimental tree mortality in a piñon-juniper woodland. In chapter one, I found that piñon mortality reduced piñon fine root biomass and piñon mycorrhizal fungal diversity, whereas juniper mycorrhizal fungi were unaffected by juniper mortality. In chapter two, I revealed that piñon mortality altered the composition and spatial structure of mycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi in the soil, …

Native Maintenance Booklet, Plaster Creek Stewards

Print Materials

Your new garden is an ecological haven for pollinators. By replacing grass with native plants, you will be providing food and a resilient habitat for bees, butterflies, birds, and so much more. Many of our native insects rely on these native plants to survive and reproduce, and many birds rely on these insects to reproduce and feed their young. By bringing these plants back into our yards, we are giving them a huge helping hand. This booklet provides details on maintaining Michigan native landscapes, including recommended maintenance schedules, identifying native plants versus weeds, and garden advocacy suggestions.

Evaluation Of The Global Durum Panel (Triticum Turgidum Ssp. Durum) For Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Resistance, Winter Survival, And Seed Characteristics, Megan Engel

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The majority of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum; AABB; 2n=4x=28) is predominantly grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States, and is used in the production of semolina, a coarse flour that makes pasta and couscous. Durum has been widely regarded for being more tolerant to abiotic stress, due to its ability to withstand drought and high temperatures. In this thesis, we conducted greenhouse, field, and lab studies, for the traits wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), winter survival, and single kernel characteristics of the Global Durum Panel version 2 (GDPv2 n = 976), a panel …

Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests 2024, F. Bourland, J. Gann, B. Lovelady, B. Guest Jr., J. Mcalee, L. Martin, Z. Treadway, C. Henderson

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

The primary goal of the Arkansas Cotton Variety Tests is to provide unbiased data regarding the agronomic performance of cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines in the major cotton-growing areas of Arkansas. This information helps seed companies establish marketing strategies and assists producers in choosing varieties to plant. These annual evaluations will then facilitate the inclusion of new, improved genetic material in Arkansas cotton production. Adaptation of varieties is determined by evaluating the lines at five University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture research sites (Manila, Keiser, Judd Hill, Marianna, and Rohwer). The 2024 tests at Keiser were adversely affected …

Genetic And Soil Influences On The Grapevine Rhizosphere Microbiome, Lauren M. Quackenbush

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

In vineyard cropping systems, the rhizosphere microbiome arises through recruitment and filtering of the bulk soil microbiome shaped over time by soil carbon and nitrogen, climate, pH and historical legacies of vineyard management. The recruitment and filtering steps occur under the genetic influences of rootstock and scion that together drive variability in rhizosphere microbiome diversity and composition.

This study compares rhizosphere microbiomes of four Pinot Noir blocks under two rootstocks (101-14 and 420A) and four scions (777, 828, Calera, Mt. Eden). Core microbiomes were consistent across all replicates. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Acidobacteriota …