Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Selection And Genetic Drift In North American Maize, Collin Lamkey

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Characterizing the impact of selection and genetic drift in the formation of heterotic groups and patterns in maize can reveal important insights into the mechanism underlying adaptation, and the relative importance of each force in defining population structure. The objectives were to characterize the role selection for hybrid performance had in defining population structure in both a reciprocal full-sib selection (RFS) program and a large collection of historically important inbred lines.

The Illumina GoldenGate Assay was used to genotype the University of Nebraska-Lincoln Replicated Recurrent Selection (UNL-RpRS) program. Eight cycles of S1-progeny and RFS selection were conducted for an index …

The Effect Of A Small Ruminant Farm Operation And Sustainable Farm Practices: Soil Quality And Run-Off At The University Hickory Hill Farm, Delaware, Gulnihal Ozbay Dr., Akida J. Ferguson, Raju Khatiwada, Lathadevi K. Chintapenta

Professional Agricultural Workers Journal

This project was designed to evaluate the effect of ruminant grazing practices at Hickory Hill Farm on the surrounding environment by measuring soil nutrients and runoff chemistry. Three pastures on the farm (Goat, Cattle and Control) were selected for soil sampling and nutrient analyses were recorded. Physical water quality parameters were conducted on the runoff collected from the farm after Hurricane Sandy. The sites with animal activity had higher levels of sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, Mehlich 3 phosphorus and conductivity when compared to control site. However, the control site had slightly higher pH and chloride levels. Nitrogen and phosphorous levels were …

Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2012, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

AAES Research Reports and Research Bulletins

This report is the ninth in a series of reports examining agriculture’s economic contribution on the Arkansas economy. Utilizing data from the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), USDA Economic Research Service (ERS), USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), and IMPLAN Group, LLC , the economic contribution of agriculture on the Arkansas economy was estimated for the most recent year available, 2012.

2015 Barley Variety Sowing Guide For Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills, Sanjiv Gupta, Sarah J. Collins, Harmohinder Dhammu, Raj Malik, Georgia Trainor

Bulletins 4000 -

This sowing variety guide is designed as a reference to help determine which barley variety to grow in your region. It provides market feedback, relative grain yield comparisons, disease ratings, agronomic information and herbicide tolerance ratings for all malting and food barley varieties segregated in WA and selected feed varieties (Tables 1–11; Figures 1–10).

Cold Frames, High Tunnels, And Greenhouses: Choose A Growing Structure Best For You, Stacy A. Adams, Kim A. Todd

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Cold frames, high tunnels, and greenhouses are plant growth structures that can be used to extend the growing season or allow for use year around for growing high value specialty crops. This publication discusses the various attributes and applications of each so that plant producers in teaching, research, extension, commercially or as a hobby can determine the best structure to meet individual needs.

Cold frames, high tunnels, and greenhouses are structures that provide hobbyists and growers with options for plant protection and season extension. They vary in cost, size, structural complexity, and ability for year-round usage. The small cold frame …

Msh1-Induced Non-Genetic Variation Provides A Source Of Phenotypic Diversity In Sorghum Bicolor, Roberto De La Rosa Santamaria, Mon-Ray Shao, Guomei Wang, David O. Nino-Liu, Hardik Kundariya, Yashitola Wamboldt, Ismail M. Dweikat, Sally Ann Mackenzie

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

MutS Homolog 1 (MSH1) encodes a plant-specific protein that functions in mitochondria and chloroplasts. We showed previously that disruption or suppression of the MSH1 gene results in a process of developmental reprogramming that is heritable and non-genetic in subsequent generations. In Arabidopsis, this developmental reprogramming process is accompanied by striking changes in gene expression of organellar and stress response genes. This developmentally reprogrammed state, when used in crossing, results in a range of variation for plant growth potential. Here we investigate the implications of MSH1 modulation in a crop species. We found that MSH1-mediated phenotypic variation in Sorghum bicolor …

The Trehalose Pathway In Maize: Conservation And Gene Regulation In Response To The Diurnal Cycle And Extended Darkness, Clémence Henry, Samuel W. Bledsoe, Allison Siekman, Alec Kollman, Brian M. Waters, Regina Feil, Mark Stitt, L. Mark Lagrimini

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Energy resources in plants are managed in continuously changing environments, such as changes occurring during the day/night cycle. Shading is an environmental disruption that decreases photosynthesis, compromises energy status, and impacts on crop productivity. The trehalose pathway plays a central but not well-defined role in maintaining energy balance. Here, we characterized the maize trehalose pathway genes and deciphered the impacts of the diurnal cycle and disruption of the day/night cycle on trehalose pathway gene expression and sugar metabolism. The maize genome encodes 14 trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes, 11 trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) genes, and one trehalase gene. Transcript abundance of most …

Contrasting Metabolism In Perenniating Structures Of Upland And Lowland Switchgrass Plants Late In The Growing Season, Nathan Palmer, Aaron J. Saathoff, Christian M. Tobias, Paul Twigg, Yuannan Xia, Kenneth P. Vogel, Soundararajan Madhavan, Scott E. Sattler, Gautam Sarath

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is being developed as a bioenergy crop for many temperate regions of the world. One way to increase biomass yields is to move southern adapted lowland cultivars to more northern latitudes. However, many southerly adapted switchgrass germplasm can suffer significant winter kill in northerly climes.

Materials and Methods: Here, we have applied next-generation sequencing in combination with biochemical analyses to query the metabolism of crowns and rhizomes obtained from two contrasting switchgrass cultivars. Crowns and rhizomes from field-grown lowland (cv Kanlow) and upland (cv Summer) switchgrass cultivars were collected from three randomly selected post-flowering …

Pengaruh Naungan Dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Anggrek Phalaenopsis Hasil Persilangan Kultivar Sayukudion X Taida Snow, Yayat Rochayat Suradinata

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk menentukan persentase naungan dan konsentrasi pupuk organik cair yang terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman anggrek Phalaenopsis hasil persilangan kultivar Sayukudion x Taida Snow. Dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, dengan ketinggian tempat 700 meter dpl, pada bulan Oktober 2011 sampai Januari 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Petak utama adalah persentase naungan (55 %, 65 %, 75 %) dan anak petak adalah konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (1 ml L-1, 2 ml L-1, 3 ml L-1). Perlakuan persentase naungan dan konsentrasi pupuk organik …

Evaluating Contaminants Of Emerging Concern In Commercial Biosolid-Based Fertilizers, John Hemmerling, Michael L. Mashtare, Linda S. Lee

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

The production and popularity of commercially available biosolid-based fertilizers are increasing because of their economic, environmental, and plant nutrition benefits, particularly in urban and suburban areas. Because biosolid-based fertilizers are derived from waste water treatment plant residuals, we hypothesized that there is the potential for micropollutants to persist in these products. Their presence would be of particular concern due to their potential impact on human and ecological health and risk of bioaccumulation. This study involves quantifying contaminants of emerging concern in three biosolid-based fertilizers, and 2 non-biosolid-based fertilizers, a composted animal manure and an organic compost. Our extraction method employed …

Pengaruh Interval Waktu Pemupukan Dan Dosis Pupuk Npk Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Komponen Hasil Tanaman Hanjeli, Warid Ali Qosim, Tati Nurmala, Aep Wawan Irwan, Tyara Vanny

Jurnal Kultivasi

The objectives of this research were to study time interval of fertilization and NPK compound fertilizer for growth and high yield of job’s tears. This experiment was conducted from February to July 2013 at Station Farm Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjajaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. This experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design factorial pattern with two factors. First factor were time interval of fertilization with four level i.e. one, two, three, and four times, and the second factor were the dosage of NPK compound i.e. 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha. Combination of interval of fertilization and NPK compound fertilizer …

Pengaruh Berbagai Komposisi Kompos Dalam Tiga Jenis Media Pembibitan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Asparagus Dalam Polibeg, F. Kholifah, Tino Mutiarawati Onggo, Wawan Sutari

Jurnal Kultivasi

Asparagus seeding need suitable medium composition in order that seedlings can grow well and proper to be planted.The experiment aims to study the effect of different seedlings medium and various compost compositions within the medium on growth of asparagus seedlings planted in polybag.The experiment was conducted in research station of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, located at 730 m above the sea level, conducted from May 2013 up to August 2013. A factorial randomized blocks design was used with four replications. The First factor was different seedlings medium, which consisted of three levels: rice husk, rice husk charcoal and …

Summaries Of Arkansas Cotton Research 2013, Derrick M. Oosterhuis

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Infiltration And Runoff Parameters For Tilled And No-Till Row Crops, Andrew J. Volkmer

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Infiltration and runoff are hydrologic processes that effect the amount of water available to plants, for groundwater recharge, and for stream flow. No-till planting (NT) is a management practice used to reduce soil erosion, increase water infiltration, and reduce soil water evaporation, and can have great impact on infiltration and runoff. An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of NT on infiltration and runoff when compared to tilled conditions.

Runoff and precipitation data was gathered from sites at Fillmore County, NE, Phelps County, NE, the USDA-ARS North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds (NAEW) near Coshocton, OH, and the Lennoxville Research Station …

B. R. Wells Arkansas Rice Research Studies 2013, R. J. Norman, K.A. K. Moldenhauer

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

No abstract provided.

Arkansas Wheat Cultivar Performance Tests 2013-2014, R. E. Mason, R. G. Miller, J. P. Kelley, E. A. Milus

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Wheat cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for small-grain producers.

An Evaluation Of Watermelon (Citrullus Spp.) Germplasm For Additional Sources Of Resistance To The Twospotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus Urticae Koch)., Hector Cantu Jr.

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fourteen U.S plant introduction (PI) accessions of C. lanatus var. lanatus (4), C. lanatus var. citroides (5) C. colocynthis (5) and a known susceptible commercial cultivar ‘Sugar Baby’ were evaluated for resistance to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, in a limited free-choice and free-choice bioassay under laboratory conditions. The limited free choice bioassay, involved nine Petri dish cages that held five randomly assigned leaves individually inoculated with two adult females and one adult male. Eggs, larva, and adults were counted over a nine day period. The free choice bioassay involved the even distribution of three mite infested …

Essays On Smallholder Farmers In Jamaica: Context-Specific Evidence For Food Security Policymaking, Deborah Evadne Brown

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is comprised of three essays that examined the experiences and welfare of traditional food crop farmers in Western Jamaica. It systematically analyses the interplay between smallholder farmers and often overlooked variables in society. The study used qualitative interviewing, field observations and discourse analysis techniques to generate context-specific evidence for food security policymaking.

The first essay examined smallholder farmers' motives for farming. This formed the basis for a farmer typology that provides a portrait of the participants, and was used to inform findings in subsequent essays in this dissertation. The theory of planned behavior provided the conceptual grounding and …

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci / Genes For Low-Stachyose And High-Sucrose Content In Soybean Seeds, Sandra Liliana Florez Palacios

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Seed carbohydrate content is an important aspect in breeding for food-grade soybeans commercialized in the soyfood market. Sucrose and stachyose are the primary carbohydrates in soybean seed. Sucrose affects the quality and taste of various soyfoods such as tofu, soymilk, and natto; however, consumption of soy-based products with high stachyose concentrations can cause diarrhea and flatulence. A mutant line (V99-5089) with high-sucrose and low-stachyose has been identified. The objectives of this research were: 1) to identify sucrose QTLs in a F2-derived mapping population; 2) to investigate the genetic relationship between two low-stachyose sources, V99-5089 and the germplasm line PI200508; and …

Potential Interactions Of Early Season Herbicides And Insecticides In Cotton: Thrips Control And Plant Health, Derek Lane Clarkson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cotton growth early in the season is affected by damaging levels of thrips in many production fields in Arkansas. During this time, insecticides used to control thrips and herbicides used to control weeds are often present at the same time on the cotton plant. This research explores how various combinations of herbicides and insecticides influence thrips numbers and cotton plant growth parameters early in the growing season. Pathways evaluated included interactions between preemergence herbicides and insecticide seed treatments and interactions between common tank-mixed foliar herbicides and selected foliar insecticides. No interactions in thrips control or plant growth were observed when …