Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

Growing Faba Beans On The South Coast Of Western Australia, Sarah Belli, Carla Milazzo, Emma Pearse, King Yin Lui, Grace Williams, Jeremy Lemon

Grain and other field crops published reports

Editors: Megan Abrahams, Andrew Blake and Vanessa Stewart (DPIRD)

Foreword

Thirty-three years ago I started work in Esperance on broadleaf crops. One of the best things my boss set up for me was arranging visits with several lupin farmers so I could follow their crops from seeding, through the growing season, to harvest. It was a great way to quickly get an idea of the choices farmers make and the reasons why.

With today’s busy lives, most farmers would be hard pressed to have the luxury of visiting many other farmers multiple times to learn how to grow a crop. …

Identification Of Genomic Regions Controlling Chalkiness And Grain Characteristics In A Recombinant Inbred Line Rice Population Based On High-Throughput Snp Markers, Yheni Dwiningsih, Anuj Kumar, Julie Thomas, Charles Ruiz, Jawaher Alkahtani, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Andy Pereira

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary food for half of the global population. Recently, there has been increasing concern in the rice industry regarding the eating and milling quality of rice. This study was conducted to identify genetic information for grain characteristics using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population from a japonica/indica cross based on high-throughput SNP markers and to provide a strategy for improving rice quality. The RIL population used was derived from a cross of “Kaybonnet (KBNT lpa)” and “ZHE733” named the K/Z RIL population, consisting of 198 lines. A total of 4133 SNP markers were used …

Prediction Of Dry Matter Intake Based On Ruminal Degradation From Milking Cows Grazing Coast-Cross Grass, T. T. Berchielli, J. P. G. Soares, L. J. M. Aroeira, C. L. Furlan, A. K. D. Salman, R. N. Da Silveira, E. B. Malheiros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dry matter intake (DMI) of coast-cross grazing by crossbred Holstein-Zebu and Zebu lactating cows was calculated using in vitro dry matter digestibility from extrusa (four esophageal fistulated cows) and fecal output estimate with mordent chromium. Pasture was rotationally grazed with three days grazing period and 27 days resting period, adopting a stocking rate of 1.6 and 3.2 cows/ha, during the dry and rainy season respectively. Voluntary DMI was estimated from degradation characteristics using different equations. Predicted coast-cross DMI varied with models. The prediction of tropical forages dry matter intake from equations based in ruminal degradation parameters needs further investigation before …

Forage Quality, Yield And Palatability Of Quackgrass (Elytrigia Repens (L.) Nevski), T. Yagi, R. Meguro, E. Fukuda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski) is a competitive perennial invader of pastures and hay meadows which is frequently harvested as forage in mixtures with desired forage species. Field experiments were conducted to compare quackgrass with cool-season perennial grasses grown under the same soil and climatic conditions, in terms of forage quality, productivity, and palatability. The forage quality of the hays was influenced by the grass species. Quackgrass showed forage crude protein (CP) concentration that was equal to those of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and …

In Vitro Gas Production Technique To Predict Dmd Of Ensiled Forage Ruminant Based Diets, M. Wawrzkiewicz, J. L. Danelón, G. Jaurena

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The in vitro gas production technique was used as a tool to develop an improved prediction model of dry matter digestibility of ensiled forage based diets. Eleven diets were tested through conventional experiments of in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD). The same diets were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique using a gas pressure transducer . The parameters of the model y = A - B Q^t Z^√t were calculated with data from the accumulated gas curves, i.e. y=cumulative gas production (ml), Q=e^-b, Z=e^-c, B=e^bT+c√T , being …

Amaranth Productivity And Nutrient Composition In Central Georgia, W. F. Whitehead, Thomas H. Terrill, B. P. Singh, S. Gelaye

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) may have potential as a forage for summer grazing in the southeastern United States (US). Six accessions of amaranth were harvested at bud stage in two successive growing seasons to evaluate growth characteristics, yield, and forage quality parameters. The accessions, three genotypes of A. tricolor (Hinchoy VL, RRC-701, RRC-1186) and one each of A. hybridus (RRC-843), A. cruentus (RRC-1034), and A. dubius (RRC-1186) were evaluated in 1994 and 1995 on a Dothan sandy loam (fine loamy, siliceous, thermic, Plinthic Paleudult) soil at the Fort Valley State University Research Station, Fort Valley, Georgia. The plots were planted …

Supplementation With Brosimum Alicastrum Swartz To Pelibuey Sheep Fed Low Quality Rations, Luis Ramírez-Avilés, V. Valdivia-Salgado, Juan C. Ku-Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of supplementing increasing levels of ramón (Brosimum alicastrum) foliage to Pelibuey sheep fed guinea grass (Panicum maximum) hay. Rate and extent of rumen degradation of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of ramón foliage were high. Dry matter (DM) intake of the diet was increased by the inclusion of ramón foliage. However, rate and extent of digestion of guinea grass was not affected by the ramón foliage. Rate of passage of solid was linearly increased as a result of the inclusion of ramón foliage …

Effect Of Water-Soluble Browning Products In Heated Herbages On Rumen Microorganisms, E. Touno, A. Takenaka, T. Kondo, O. Tanaka, M. Murai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

When feed is heated, browning can occur. This browning is detrimental to both the value of feed and physiological functioning of the animal. Browning occurs when polymeric substances are produced during the Maillard reaction. Indigestible soluble Maillard reaction products could affect nitrogen utilization by ruminants. A method has been established for isolation of water-soluble browning products using a reversed phase column. In the present work, the effect of water-soluble browning products isolated from heated herbage on rumen microorganisms was investigated. A solution of browning products was added to the medium 10 to obtain final concentration of 0, 0.5 and 2.0 …

Comparison Of Summer Forages And The Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilizers On Brassica Forages In Tasmania, A. A. Salardini, R. J. Eckard, D. R. Franks

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Summer forage crops, and in particular Brassica spp., have become increasingly popular in dairy production systems in Tasmania. Field experiments were conducted for 3 years in northwestern Tasmania, in the spring/summers beginning in 1995. The study aimed to compare yield and quality of Brassica and Poaceae forages and the response of Brassica species to nitrogen (N) (50, 100 and 200 kg N/ha) and irrigation.

The average total yields of dryland (rainfed) crops in 1995 to 1997 experiments, were turnip (Brassica rapa) 9.3 t/ha, rape (B. napus) 5.9 t/ha, oats (Aevena sativa) 5.2 t/ha, kale …

Maturity And Fertilization Effects On Leaf Blade Tissue Percentages Of Contrasting Fescue Cultivars, L. B. Tempone, M. S. Cid, M. A. Brizuela, M. C. Nunciari, M. G. Cendoya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Palenque Plus and Ceres Torpedo are tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars available to the animal production systems in the humid Pampean Region of Argentina. They differ in growth cycle and morphological characteristics. At vegetative stage, Torpedo leaves are fine and tender, which suggests that their percentages of slowly digestible and indigestible tissues (SDIT) should be low. In this study we 1) explored the effects of phenological stage and nitrogen fertilization on leaf blade tissue percentages of both cultivars, using an ordination multivariate technique, and 2) evaluated the effects of these factors on the percentage of SDIT. Our results …

Different Harvest Schedules To Prepare Deferred Forage From C4 Grasses In Córdoba, Argentina, M. R. Steinberg, E. F. Nienstedt, H. A. Valdez, J. C. Coraglio, C. A. Vieyra, P. A. Minuzzi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

From 1995 until 1999 a trial was done in the fields of the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba with four C4 forage grasses. These fields lie in the subtropical and semiarid region of Argentina. This research aimed to identify forage species that could be used as deferred forage for the drier and cooler winter season. Four species of C4 grasses were used: Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana Kunth), Gatton (Panicum maximum), coloratum (Panicum coloratum) and digitgrass (Digitaria eriantha), respectively. Two growing periods were used: full season growth (FS) and half season regrowth (HS), in both cases …

Boron Fertilization Effects On Nutritive Parameters Of Alfalfa, F. M. Rouquette Jr., V. A. Haby, J. O. Fritz, M. Collins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With early pre-plant incorporation of limestone to raise soil pH to 6.8 to 7.0, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) may be grown successfully on acid, Coastal Plain, sandy loam soils. Fertility and forage quality for hay and/or grazing require alternative management of alfalfa on these Coastal Plain soils. A two-year experiment evaluated alfalfa fertilized with three rates of boron to quantify effects on nutritive entities, especially fiber components. On a whole-plant basis in year 1, only crude protein was increased (P < .05) at one of six harvest dates. In year 2, chemical analyses of leaf-stem components indicated consistent increases in crude protein of leaf fractions at each harvest (P < .05), reduction in neutral detergent fiber at three harvest dates (P < .06), and reduced lignin (P < .07) at the final harvest. Stem sections were affected by rate of boron at only the June harvest with an increase in crude protein (P < .05). Rate of boron fertilization had indirect effects on nutritive value (crude protein) by either delaying physiological maturity or enhancing nitrogen fixation in leaves, and had a direct negative effect on certain fiber components.

The Role Of Grass Feeding In Improving Oxidative Stability And Increasing Vitamin B12 Content Of Beef And Veal, V. Pastushenko, H.-D. Matthes, H. Heinrich, Z. Holzer, T. Prokopyuk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of grass feeding of cattle on the decontamination capacity against free radical (DCAFR) and vitamin B₁₂ content of beef and veal. The meat samples from intensively (26 cattle, final weight 485±9 kg, concentrate feeding) and ecologically (25 heifers, final weight 472±32 kg, and 28 calves, final weight 260±24 kg, pasture grazing) managed cattle groups were investigated. The DCAFR was colorimetric assessed by examining damage to 1.4 benzoquinone. Vitamin B₁₂ was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Data indicate that the oxidative stability of meat samples from ecological management …

Nitrate Accumulation In A Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid As Influenced By Nitrogen Fertilization, A. Elgersma, I. Y. Tecle, T. Provin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization and plant stage on nitrate accumulation was studied in a sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid. Grass cv. Dynagrazer was sown at the experimental site of Texas A & M University. Six N levels were applied (0, 112 … 672 Kg. N ha^-1). Nitrate concentrations were determined in three harvests, 5– 7 weeks after planting. Maximum levels were 2.1, 3.5 and 4.6 g nitrate-N kg^-1 DM, respectively, which is beyond the safe limits for animal consumption. The plots were cut at heading. Regrowth took place on residual N. Nitrate-N accumulation was lowest in the …

Effect Of Maceration On In Sacco Degradability And Energy Content Of Low-Moisture Round Bale Alfalfa Silage, K. Nonaka, S. Kume, T. Ohshita

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maceration on in sacco degradability and energy content of low-moisture alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. The results of two treatments were compared: 1) maceration, in which the alfalfa was processed through a large- scale forage mat maker prior to wilting to approximately 50% DM content (FM treatment), and 2) conventional conditioning, in which the alfalfa was tedded and wilted to the same DM content as that in the FM treatment (CC treatment). Silage bales were chopped in 20-mm pieces for each experiment. In sacco degradabilities of DM, CP …

Efficiency Of Nitrogen Use In Dairy Cows Grazing Ryegrass With Different Water Soluble Carbohydrate Concentrations, L. A. Miller, D. H. Baker, M. K. Theodorou, J. C. Macrae, M. O. Humphreys, Nigel D. Scollan, J. M. Moorby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This experiment is one of a series designed to investigate the efficiency of nitrogen (N) use in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) which has been bred to express high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations. Animals grazed either a High Sugar (HS) grass or a Control (C) variety chosen on the basis of heading date compatibility. Dry matter (DM) intakes were estimated using herbage mass. Milk yields, milk constituent concentrations and plasma concentrations of b-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, total protein, albumin and urea were also measured. Forage DM intakes were similar for the two grasses. However, because of …

Maris: Scalable Online Scenario Development Tool For Rangeland Conservancy Managers Using High Spatial-Temporal Resolution Carrying Capacity Maps And Livestock Market Data, L. G. J. Boerboom, R. O. Ohuru, A. G. Toxopeus, W. Nieuwenhuis, C. A. J. M. De Bie, P. K. Mwangi, M. L. Schouwenburg, R. L. G. Lemmens

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Although the management of livestock numbers within the bounds of carrying capacity of African rangelands is a way to manage risks, both scientists and practitioners, caution against a momentary and local use of carrying capacity as a management indicator. Carrying capacity should be seen in wider spatial and temporal/seasonal context as well as in a social and economic context. Given the large numbers of conservancies across Kenya, and its Maasai Mara region in particular, with many more landowner members, it is difficult for conservancies’ managers to contextualize phenomena such as carrying capacity and market price over space and time.

We …

Assessing The Impacts Of Different Initiatives On The Rehabilitation Of Pastoral And Silvopastoral Ecosystems: Big Data Oriented Approach, Said Moukrim, Said Lahssini, Mustapha Naggar, K. Menzou, H. Mharzi-Alaoui, A. Labbaci, L. Rhazi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Moroccan forests, through the provision of goods and ecosystem services, underpins benefits to local communities and play a crucial role for rural area development. The legal framework recognizes to people, living near public forests, the right to graze their domestic livestock. Over the years, the grazing pressure is at levels far beyond the forestland’s carrying capacity throughout the country. Such pressure has been demonstrated as the main cause of forest cover loss and land degradation in Morocco and still threatening the sustainability of forests. To reduce the heavy grazing pressure on forest ecosystems and ensure their regeneration, several initiatives have …

The Role Of Indigenous Knowledge In The Effective Collective Management Of The Communal Rangelands, A. Finca, S. Linnane, D. Getty, J. H. Slinger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Numerous scientific studies have highlighted the complexities associated with the collective management of communal rangelands. To date, policy interventions in rangelands have largely ignored people’s traditional ways of managing, with adverse effects on rangeland productivity. Thus, local knowledge has not been considered in spatial planning, despite the fact that local rural communities are often repositories of key indigenous knowledge. Hence this study set out to evaluate the role of indigenous knowledge in the management of the communal rangeland in Cata and Guquka, now and in the future. This was achieved through the use of Participatory GIS (PGIS), specifically participatory mapping …

Land Users – Land Watchers, J. H. Stefánsson, B. Marteinsdóttir

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

GróLind is a collaborative project with the aim of monitoring Icelandic vegetation and soil resources. It was founded in 2017 by the Icelandic National Associations of Sheep Farmers, the Farmers Association of Iceland, Ministry of Industries and Innovation, and the Soil Conservation Service of Iceland. GróLind is a collaborative project and cooperation with stakeholders, such as the science community, landowners, and others, is a fundamental concept in the project.

In this project, the state of vegetation and soils are evaluated. Currently, a citizen science project is being developed within GróLind, in which land-users will annually monitor, using a mobile app, …