Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons^™

An Evaluation On The Effects Of Additions And Deletions Of Specific Nutrient Management Strategies On Corn Yield At Different Plant Densities, James D. Dew

Theses and Dissertations

Improved management strategies are needed to increase yield production and quality. The study aimed to determine suitable cultural practices for improved corn production. Experiments were set up at Verona and Stoneville, Mississippi, from 2020 to 2022. Treatments included row configurations (single and twin-row), plant populations (79,000 and 99,000 seeds ha-1), and six combinations of nutrients with or without fungicide. The nutrients evaluated were two nitrogen rates 235 and 314 kg N ha-1, phosphorus 45 kg P ha-1, potassium 112 kg K ha-1, sulfur 22 kg S ha-1, and zinc 11 kg Zn ha-1, and fungicide at 272 ml ha-1. In …

Effects Of Soil Management Practices On Water Infiltration And Maize Yield To Improve Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer Sustainability, Jacob Rix

Theses and Dissertations

Surface sealing and hardpans in loam soils are problematic in the Mid-South U.S. because of intense tillage. Two experiments quantified the effects of soil management practices on infiltration and maize yield in loam soils. The first study measured the impacts of in-row subsoiling frequency × furrow irrigation frequency. In-row subsoiling significantly improved the infiltration of irrigation but not the infiltration of precipitation. In-row subsoiling with low irrigation frequency is optimal to achieve profitable maize yields while encouraging groundwater conservation. In the second study, six soil management treatments were imposed. For single-ring infiltrometer tests, infiltration rates were different between the two …

Evaluation Of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] Cultivar Response To Prophylactic Fungicide Application, Steven B. Stoker

Theses and Dissertations

Soybean growers in the southern United States commonly deal with disease issues that can limit yield potential. As a result, growers have adopted prophylactic fungicide application targeted at specific growth stages as a standard management practice. However, yield responses to prophylactic applications have become sporadic over time. One major change that has occurred is adoption of cultivars with improved disease tolerances. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate yield response of cultivars representing multiple genetic backgrounds to fungicides applied prophylactically at the R4 soybean growth stage. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to determine the yield impact …

Biological Remediation Of Fragipan, Corey Hale

Honors College Theses

The fragipan layer in the soil is a naturally occurring subsurface layer that restricts water percolation as well as inhibits root growth. A fragipan layer can be found almost ubiquitously across Southwestern Kentucky. This limits how agriculturalists manage soils in this area. It has been recently discovered by the University of Kentucky that Annual Ryegrass roots produce 3,4 dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (DHPPA) that reacts with this hardpan to weaken the layer. Certain bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Lactobacilli, and Bifidobacteria can also synthesize DHPPA through a breakdown process of chlorogenic acid. This reaction typically happens in the human digestive tract. …

Development Of Adaptive Rice Variety To Non-Tidal Swamp: Growth Evaluation Of Backcrossed Progenies (Bc1f1) And Its Parents, Inpago 5 And Inpara 8, Nabilah Amiros, Rujito Agus Suwignyo, Mery Hasmeda, Fikri Adriansyah, Entis Sutisna Halimi, Erizal Sodikin

Jurnal Kultivasi

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation in non-tidal swamp is severely constrained by abiotic stresses, i.e., submerged stress in the vegetative phase and drought stress in the generative phase. The development of rice varieties that have dual-tolerant to those abiotic stresses can improve adaptability and increase productivity. Efforts to obtain adaptive varieties under those abiotic stress conditions are being carried out by selecting the parents and crossing them, and has resulted in the population of BC1F1. The research was carried out on April – June 2021 at greenhouse of the Agriculture Faculty, Sriwijaya University. The study aimed to evaluate the growth …

A Review Of The Role Of Pollination On The Yield Of Cocoa Plant, Dani, Dewi Nur Rokhmah

Jurnal Kultivasi

Yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) plant, in form of cocoa seeds, is produced through the process of sexual reproduction. Pollination plays an important role in the successful formation of cocoa fruit and seeds. In addition, number of ovules per ovary, degree of self-incompatibility, and xenia effect are also affected the final yield. Those characters are determined by genetic factors. Cocoa flowers that are not pollinated fall within 24 hours and fail to develop into fruits and seeds. Pollination intensity up to a certain level showed a significant effect on increasing the percentage of fruit formation and the number of …

Application Of Legume Cover Crop And Various Vermicompost Dosages On Young Cinchona In The Marginal Area, Yudithia Maxiselly, Mira Ariyanti, Mochamad Arief Soleh, Naufal Fikri

Jurnal Kultivasi

Cinchona (Cinchona ledgeriana Moens) is one of the important medicinal plants that have the potential to cultivate as herbal medicine. This plant grows well in highland areas. Developing cinchona plants in the marginal area needs effort and modification techniques such as planting legume cover crop (LCC) to maintain the humidity and supply nutrition by fertilizing. Vermicompost is one of the organic fertilizers with rich nutrition to support plant growth. This research aimed to observe the effect of a combination of Mucuna bracteata as LCC and vermicompost dosage on young cinchona growth in a marginal area. This research was carried out …

Application Of Organic Fertilizer And Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria To Increase The Growth And Yield Of Potatoes In Andisol, Agustina Erlinda Marpaung, Bina Karo, Susilawati Barus, Rina Christina Hutabarat, Rasiska Tarigan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Andisol has low phosphate (P) nutrient content due to high P fixation by allophane minerals, which affects crop production. The application of organic fertilizers and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can increase the availability of P in the soil in order to increase the production of potato plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different types of organic fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on potato production. The research was conducted from August to November 2020 in the installation of research and assessment of agricultural technology Berastagi, Karo Regency, with an altitude of ± 1,340 m above sea level and …

Demonstration Farm Provides Educational Opportunity For Ipm, Nick Volesky, Mair Murray

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

The mission of USU Extension’s Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program is to increase the use of sustainable pest management practices within urban and rural landscapes to provide economic, human, and environmental health in Utah. In the spring of 2022, the IPM program established a vegetable farm to test and demonstrate IPM practices. The farm served as an experiential learning classroom for almost 50 farmers and home gardeners.

Poisson Hurdle Model-Based Method For Clustering Microbiome Features, Zhili Qiao, Elle Barnes, Susannah Tringe, Daniel P. Schachtman, Peng Liu

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Motivation: High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly facilitated microbiome research and have generated a large volume of microbiome data with the potential to answer key questions regarding microbiome assembly, structure and function. Cluster analysis aims to group features that behave similarly across treatments, and such grouping helps to highlight the functional relationships among features and may provide biological insights into microbiome networks. However, clustering microbiome data are challenging due to the sparsity and high dimensionality.

Results: We propose a model-based clustering method based on Poisson hurdle models for sparse microbiome count data. We describe an expectation–maximization algorithm and a …

Biology, Monitoring, Sampling, And Management Of Rice Billbug, Sphenophorus Pertinax, In Furrow-Irrigated Rice, Chase Alan Floyd

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Furrow-irrigated rice hectares have increased annually for the last five years in the predominant long-grain rice producing states. Initial implementation of the system began in the 1980’s, but lack of rice blast (Magnaporthe grisea, Hebert) resistant cultivars made the system a nonviable option for rice producers. Hybridization of rice cultivars with less susceptibility has begun to increase the interest of producers to implement a furrow-irrigated rice production system due to the cost saving opportunities that it may provide. Elimination of the flood from large sections of the rice fields in a furrow-irrigated system alters management strategies and pest complexes compared …

Evaluation Of Biological And Chemical Seed Treatments For Management Of Rice Diseases, Sherif Adam Sharfadine

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice is the primary staple for more than half of the global population and is the second most important cereal worldwide. In the US, rice is primarily grown in the southern states, with Arkansas leading production and responsible for 47% of the total rice production in the country. Diseases cause significant yield losses in rice. Sheath blight, rice blast and bacterial panicle blight are the main diseases in rice and cause significant yield losses. Sheath blight alone could cause up 50% yield loss in heavily damaged fields with highly susceptible cultivars. Additionally, rice seed and seedling diseases primarily caused by …

Successful Creation Of Seedless (Sterile) Leucaena Germplasm Developed From Interspecific Hybridisation For Use As Forage, Daniel Real, Clinton K. Revell Dr, Yong Han, Chengdao Li, Marieclaire Castello, C. D. Bailey

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Context: The legume shrub/tree leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) is highly regarded as a cattle fodder, although it is considered an environmental weed in many parts of Australia.

Aims: We investigated the feasibility of developing a forage variety of triploid leucaena through interspecific hybridisation that is sterile (without seeds) as a strategy to mitigate its weed risk.

Methods: A conventional breeding strategy was used to create triploid hybrids from hand-crosses between tetraploid and diploid species of leucaena. Molecular markers were developed to confirm successful crosses and flow cytometry was used to confirm the ploidy level. The plants are being …

A Glass Bead Semi-Hydroponic System For Intact Maize Root Exudate Analysis And Phenotyping, Martha G. Lopez-Guerrero, Peng Wang, Felicia Phares, Daniel P. Schachtman, Sophie Alvarez, Karin V. Van Dijk

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Although there have been numerous studies describing plant growth systems for root exudate collection, a common limitation is that these systems require disruption of the plant root system to facilitate exudate collection. Here, we present a newly designed semi-hydroponic system that uses glass beads as solid support to simulate soil impedance, which combined with drip irrigation, facilitates growth of healthy maize plants, collection and analysis of root exudates, and phenotyping of the roots with minimal growth disturbance or root damage. Results: This system was used to collect root exudates from seven maize genotypes using water or 1 mM CaCl2, …

Germination And Early Seedling Growth Attributes Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Cultivars Under Different Salinity (Nacl) Stresses [Research Note], Shahid Hussain, Shuli Liu, Rui Zhang, Yinglong Chen, Altaf Adil, Qigen Dai

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study investigated the impact of different salinity stresses [0, 6.4, 12.8, 19.2, and 25.6 dS/m (NaCl)] on the final germination percentage, speed of germination, germination capacity, shoot and root length, seedling vigor index, and total plant dry weight of ten rice cultivars at germination and early seedling stages. Salinity stress significantly decreased the final germination percentage, speed of germination, germination capacity, shoot and root length, and seedling dry weight in all cultivars, with the most severe effects from level 19.2 and 25.6 dS/m NaCl. Rice cultivars were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible based on reduction …

Insights On The Behavior Of Nano-Copper In The Agroecosystem: Mycorrhizal Associations With Spearmint (Mentha Spicata), Suzanne Annette Apodaca

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Nanotechnology offers significant potential benefits to our society, including the agriculture sector. With the advancement of nano-enabled agrochemicals towards sustainable and efficient agricultural practices, it is essential to address environmental issues associated with the use of nanoscale materials. The same properties that give promise to applications of nanotechnology in modern agriculture could have unintended consequences on ecosystem dynamics. A point of concern for risk management is the impact of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to beneficial microbial communities, which support a variety of ecosystem services.

Use of copper (Cu) products in agriculture are based on their abundance, role as a micronutrient, and …

Flowering Habit And Photoperiodic Flowering Response Of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) In The Philippines, Kennilyn May Balbin-De Luna, Bong Salazar

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Stevia is a perennial shrub commercially cultivated for the sweet-tasting compounds known as steviol glycosides (SVglys). SVglys are extracted from the green leaves, thus maintenance of vegetative growth is critical in stevia production. This study was conducted to describe the flowering habit and response of potted stevia plants to different photoperiods under Philippine conditions. Photoperiodic treatments (10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 h) were provided using light chambers. Stevia has both terminal and axillary flowering habits. It has five white florets enclosed in a capitulum and exhibits an opposite branching pattern. Results showed that stevia is a facultative short-day plant …

Determination Of Some Seed Characteristics Of False Flax (Camelina Sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes Grown Under Semi-Temperate Conditions, İlhan Subaşı, Yusuf Arslan, Tamer Eryigit, Vahdettin Çiftçi, Mahmut Çamlıca

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Camelina is an alternative low-input oil plant grown in marginal areas in Turkey. This study aimed to determine some quality characteristics of 39 camellia genotypes in ecological conditions in Bolu, Turkey. The field experiments were carried out in an augmented design with randomized blocks. In this work, some important properties such as thousand seed weight, oil content, fatty acid composition, and protein ratio were investigated. Results showed that mean data for thousand seed weight, oil ratio, and protein ratio were 0.63 – 1.5 g, 26.69 – 39.17%, and 21.81 – 29.81%, respectively. Considering the oil content of the genotypes used …

Evaluation Of Triticale Lines Compared To Wheat Cultivars In Terms Of Agronomic Traits Using Supervised Learning Methods And Multivariate Statistics, Sara Farokhzadeh, Hossein Shahsavand Hassani

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The first man-made cereal grain triticale merges the yield and quality potential of wheat with tolerance of rye against environmental stresses. To find the traits with the greatest impact on the superiority of triticale over wheat, four promising triticale lines and six bread wheat varieties were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the field of the Agricultural Research Station of Shiraz University, Iran. Attribute weighting algorithms revealed main leaf width (MLW), grain number per spike (GN/S), spikelet number per spike (SN/S), 1000-grain weight (TGW), plant height (PHT), main leaf length (MLL), and grain yield …

Nitrification Inhibitor, Nitrogen Source, And Herbicide Effects On Soil Nitrogen Transformations And Corn Yield, William Neels

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nitrogen fertilizer management continue to be challenging due to potential nitrogen losses under variable weather conditions. The objective of this was to evaluate the performance of nitrification inhibitors, nitrogen sources and herbicides on in-season nitrogen availability and agronomy indicators. A two site-year field experiment was conducted in silty clay loam soil in corn phase of the corn-soybean rotation at Central Nebraska. The treatments included three herbicide (no pre-emergence, Acuron, Resicore) and five nitrogen treatments: 1) control, 2) anhydrous ammonia, 3) anhydrous ammonia without nitrification inhibitor, 4) urea with nitrification inhibitors, and 5) urea without nitrification inhibitors. Results indicated that nitrogen …