Yield Progress Of Perennial Ryegrass And Silage Maize - Genetic Gain Or Climate Change?,
2023
Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
Yield Progress Of Perennial Ryegrass And Silage Maize - Genetic Gain Or Climate Change?, Antje Herrmann, A. Kornher, Friedhelm Taube
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Gains in annual dry matter yield (DMY) from breeding achieved during the last decades are reported to range between 2.5 and 6% per decade for perennial ryegrass (Wilkins & Humphreys, 2003). In contrast, accelerated progress in improving DMY has been achieved for silage maize, varying between 8 and 13% per decade (Lauer et al., 2001). These gains are mainly attributed to (i) genetic yield potential increase, (ii) improved crop management and (iii) increased stress tolerance. The potential impact of climate change on yield progress, however, is disregarded in most studies. The objective of this study therefore was to quantify …
Shifts In N-Efficiency Of Different Farm Types In Response To Climate Change,
2023
Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Switzerland
Shifts In N-Efficiency Of Different Farm Types In Response To Climate Change, S. Dueri, P. L. Calanca, Juerg Fuhrer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Climate change may affect European farms, but in contrast to individual crops - the sensitivity of whole farming systems has not been the subject of much research. At the farm level, where different farm units are linked through the availability and flow of nitrogen (N), effects on individual crops are interlinked, and through shifts in grasslands and related animal production with altered nutrient flows. Ideally, N flows into the system and N-export with products should be equal, and thus N-use-efficiency (NUE), expressed as the ratio of N export to N loss, would be maximal. The objective of this study was …
The Effect Of Extremes In Soil Moisture Content On Perennial Ryegrass Growth,
2023
Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, UK
The Effect Of Extremes In Soil Moisture Content On Perennial Ryegrass Growth, A. Scott Laidlaw
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seasonal distribution of rainfall in the UK and Ireland is predicted to become more variable (Sweeney, 2003). The problems of excessive soil moisture on grass utilisation and the effect of deficit in soil moisture on grass growth are well known. However the effect of excess rainfall on the growth of sown grass is less clear and is usually not taken into account in grass growth models. This study was carried out to investigate the potential impact of excess moisture on perennial ryegrass growth in the field and to investigate the relative effect of soil moisture varying from deficit to excess …
Forage Grass Phenology In Relation To Climate Change,
2023
Plant Breeding and Acclimatisation Institute, Poland
Forage Grass Phenology In Relation To Climate Change, G. Żurek
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Phenological phases of plants, such as heading or flowering are mainly driven by environmental factors such as pests, diseases, competition, soil properties, genetics, age and, most importantly, weather conditions (Menzel & Fabian, 1999; Menzel 2000). At the end of the last century there was an emerging recognition that phenological records can be especially useful in environmental monitoring and it has gained the UK government approval as an indicator of climate change (Sparks et al., 2000). The aim of this work was to analyse long-term trends in the mean heading date for Polish ecotypes of three forage grass species.
Long-Term Responses Of A Mesic Grassland To Manipulation Of Rainfall Quantity And Pattern,
2023
Colorado State University
Long-Term Responses Of A Mesic Grassland To Manipulation Of Rainfall Quantity And Pattern, A. K. Knapp, J M. Blair, P. A. Fay, M. D. Smith, S. L. Collins, J. M. Briggs
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Climatic variability is an inherent feature of grassland biomes, with large fluctuations in temperatures combined with precipitation regimes characterised by floods and severe drought occurring on both an interannual and seasonal scale. Global climate models and emerging data indicate that extremes in precipitation regimes are increasing worldwide coupled with increases in temperature. Thus, variability in spatial and temporal patterns of water availability in grasslands, as directly influenced by altered precipitation patterns and indirectly by increased temperatures, will likely increase in the future. The objectives of our experiments were to experimentally manipulate rainfall amount and temporal patterns (amount and timing of …
Dynamics Of Long-Term Carbon Sequestration On Rangelands In The Western Usa,
2023
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dynamics Of Long-Term Carbon Sequestration On Rangelands In The Western Usa, G. E. Schuman, L. J. Ingram, P. D. Stahl, G. F. Vance
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Rangelands in the USA occupy 161 million hectares of land. Worldwide, rangelands occupy about half of the land area and account for more than 1/3 of the world's terrestrial carbon (C) reserves. Because of their large land area, rangelands have the potential to sequester a significant amount of additional atmospheric C. Schuman et al. (2001) estimate that rangelands and marginal croplands restored to grasslands in the USA can sequester 64 million metric tonnes C/ha/yr if properly managed. The objective of this research was to evaluate the long-term effects of grazing on soil C storage in a northern mixed-grass prairie (NMP).
Lactating Ewes Were Strongly Attracted To Salt When Spread On Sodium-Deficient Undergrazed Hill Pastures,
2023
NEIKER, Spain
Lactating Ewes Were Strongly Attracted To Salt When Spread On Sodium-Deficient Undergrazed Hill Pastures, N. Mandaluniz, J. C. Ruiz, R. J. Lucas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
New Zealand hill and high country pastures for sheep and cattle cover very variable topography. Shady south face hill country pastures on steeper slopes are grazed inefficiently because of their mature state and low nutritive value. Flatter more fertile areas reflect more frequent defoliation and stock camping behaviour. These inland pastures are deficient in sodium (Na) (Aspinall et al., 2004) because they are distant from coastal sea spray. Management alternatives are sought to improve pasture quality on steep, shady aspects. The provision of different nutrients such as Na or nitrogen (N), which are deficient in these under-grazed areas of …
Toxicity In Beef Cattle Grazing Leucaena Leucocephala In Queensland, Australia,
2023
The University of Queensland, Australia
Toxicity In Beef Cattle Grazing Leucaena Leucocephala In Queensland, Australia, Scott A. Dalzell, D. J. Burnett, J. E. Dowsett, V. E. Forbes, H. M. Shelton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Improved pastures based on the leguminous shrub Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) are the most productive, profitable and sustainable for beef cattle production in northern Australia. Leucaena forage contains the toxic, non-protein amino acid mimosine, which is rapidly converted to 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone (DHP) upon ingestion by grazing cattle. This is a potent goitrogen and appetite suppressant. Animals suffering severe DHP toxicity exhibit distinctive symptoms (e.g. hair loss, excessive salivation, goitre and weight loss), while subclinical DHP toxicity can suppress live weight gain by 30-50% without producing any obvious symptoms. Prior to the discovery and introduction of the DHP-degrading rumen bacteria Synergistes jonesii into …
Simulations Of Woodland Grassland Transitions Caused By Elephant,
2023
Durban Institute of Technology, South Africa
Simulations Of Woodland Grassland Transitions Caused By Elephant, Kevin J. Duffy, S. Moyo
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In South Africa, reintroduction of wildlife on small to medium sized farms is common. A primary concern for the landowners who introduce elephant is the effects they will have on tree and grass densities. It is possible that elephant impact can exacerbate a shift from woodland to grassland. In this paper it is shown how simulations can possibly assist in understanding the possible dynamics involved.
Cattle Grazing Management Effects On Pasture Composition In Semi-Arid Woodlands,
2023
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Australia
Cattle Grazing Management Effects On Pasture Composition In Semi-Arid Woodlands, Trevor J. Hall, J. R. Douglas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Manipulating grazing pressure, controlling tree competition and burning are the main options for cattle farmers to manage land in subtropical Australian Eucalypt woodlands. These can contain >175 herbaceous and 60 woody species, but only 5 are desirable perennial and productive grass (Silcock et al., 1996). Here we describe the responses of some perennial grasses to cattle grazing pressure, tree competition and spring burning.
Effect Of Forest Grazing In Summer On Grazing Behaviour, Heart Beat And Heat Production Of Beef Cows,
2023
Kyushu Tokai University, Japan
Effect Of Forest Grazing In Summer On Grazing Behaviour, Heart Beat And Heat Production Of Beef Cows, H. Tobioka, M. Fukumoto, S. Takeda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Japan summer is very hot and humid, particularly in daytime, therefore the supply of shade to animals is important. At the same time, a lot of forest and partial forest area is under-utilised in most of the mountain areas. Introduction of animals to forest areas might result in not only less labour demanding animal management, but also in the efficient weeding in the forest (Sugimoto et al., 1999). We compared the grazing behaviour, heart beat and heat production of beef cows in partial forest with those in the normal grazing place outside the forest.
Intake By Lactating Goats Browsing On Mediterranean Shrubland,
2023
Istituto Zootecnico e Caseario per la Sardegna, Italy
Intake By Lactating Goats Browsing On Mediterranean Shrubland, M. Decandia, G. Pinna, A. Cabiddu, G. Molle
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Mediterranean regions goat feeding systems are mainly based on shrubland that contain a wide variety of species. There are only a few equations for predicting feed intake of stall-fed goats (Luo et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to develop a model for predicting the intake of lactating goats browsing on Mediterranean shrubland.
Effects Of Livestock Grazing On The Shrub Vegetation Biomass In The ‘Sierra De Guara’ Natural Park (Spain),
2023
CITA, Spain
Effects Of Livestock Grazing On The Shrub Vegetation Biomass In The ‘Sierra De Guara’ Natural Park (Spain), J. L. Riedel, I. Casasús, A. García, A. Sanz, M. Blanco, R. Revilla, A. Bernués
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The 'Sierra de Guara' Natural Park (80.7 Kha) is a Mediterranean mountain area in Huesca, south of the Spanish Pyrenees. Shrub and forest pastures dominate the Park. They are grazed mainly by sheep, but also by suckler cattle and goats. Average stocking rate is 0.15 LU/ha. As in other European mountain areas, agricultural activities have declined during the last few decades. This has caused a process of secondary vegetation succession towards shrub invasion, with consequent landscape changes. This study aimed to quantify the effect of grazing on shrub vegetation biomass.
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Lamb Grazing System On Sward Performance Of Trifolium Repens And Lotus Corniculatus In Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
The Effect Of Stocking Rate And Lamb Grazing System On Sward Performance Of Trifolium Repens And Lotus Corniculatus In Uruguay, F. Montossi, R. San Julián, M. Nolla, M. Camesasca, F. Preve
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Lambs have a great potential to diversify and stimulate meat and wool production and economical returns within the industry. The main objective of this study was to evaluate different feeding and management alternatives for the production of high quality wool and meat as well as their effects on sward characteristics in the Basaltic region of Uruguay.
Effect Of Forage Legume Species And Stocking Rate Of Lambs On Sward Characteristics In Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Effect Of Forage Legume Species And Stocking Rate Of Lambs On Sward Characteristics In Uruguay, F. Montossi, D. F. Risso, R. San Julián, M. Iglesias, N. Ramos, I. De Barbieri, R. Cuadro, A. Zarza
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The sheep industry is a mayor component of the pastoral industries, given its importance for the Uruguayan economy. In the last decade, sheep farmers have been more interested in low cost technologies to enhance productivity and profit. The objective of this study, conducted in the Basaltic region of Uruguay, was to evaluate the effect of legume species and stocking rate of lambs on sward structure, production, composition and nutritive value.
Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing System On Fine And Superfine Merino Wool Production And Quality On Native Swards Of Uruguay,
2023
INIA, Uruguay
Effect Of Stocking Rate And Grazing System On Fine And Superfine Merino Wool Production And Quality On Native Swards Of Uruguay, I. De Barbieri, Fabio Montossi, E. J. Berretta, A. Dighiero, A. Mederos
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Modern textile tendencies show that consumers prefer light, soft, resistant, natural, and comfortable clothes, for which fine and superfine wools are in great demand, particularly at the high value markets (Whiteley, 2003). The main objective of the present study was to define sustainable stocking rates and grazing systems on native swards for fine and superfine wool production in the Basaltic region of Uruguay.
Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia,
2023
Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, China
Effect Of Stocking Rate On A Stipa Breviflora Desert Steppe Community Of Inner Mongolia, G. Han, Walter D. Willms, M. Zhao, A. Gao, S. Jiao, D. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Stocking rate is an important factor in grazing management. The stocking rate defines utilization and ultimately grazing pressure, which in turn affects grassland sustainability. Grassland sustainability is partly defined by its species composition and ultimately by its productivity. These attributes are unique for specific plant communities and the effect of stocking rate must be established for each in order to understand the community response to grazing and to determine its carrying capacity. While some information exists on the effects of stocking rate on livestock production in the Stipa breviflora Griseb. Desert Steppe (Wei et al., 2000), the effects on …
Effect Of Stocking Rates On Plant Morphology In The Inner Mongolia Steppe Of China,
2023
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Effect Of Stocking Rates On Plant Morphology In The Inner Mongolia Steppe Of China, Shiping Wang, Y. F. Wang, Z. Z. Chen, Bob Patton, Paul Nyren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
During the long period of co-evolution with herbivores, range plants have adapted and developed resistant mechanisms in response to grazing (Briske, 1991). The objective of this experiment was to determine the morphological response of a number of the dominant plant species in the Inner Mongolia steppe of China to stocking rate.
Productivity And Grazing Capacity Of Five Typical Natural Rangelands For Yaks In The Alpine Region Of China,
2023
Zhengzhou College of Animal Husbandry, China
Productivity And Grazing Capacity Of Five Typical Natural Rangelands For Yaks In The Alpine Region Of China, Xuebing Yan, Yuxia Guo, Z. He, W. Kun
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Qinghai-Tibet plateau has greatly aroused the interest of scientists as an uncommon rangeland resource of great agro-ecological importance. Yak (Bos grunniens) is a unique, vulnerable ungulate. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the productivity and feed value of five natural rangelands.
An Examination Of The Diurnal Variability In Nitrous Oxide Emissions,
2023
Teagasc, Ireland
An Examination Of The Diurnal Variability In Nitrous Oxide Emissions, B. P. Hyde, A. F. Fanning, M. Ryan, O. T. Carton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is generally assumed in field experiments, that the measurement of nitrous oxide (N2O) using enclosed chambers for a period of 1 hour can be used to provide an estimate of daily emission rates. In the majority of studies, emission measurements are conducted between 0900 and 1300 h. However, clearly defined diurnal cycles in N2O emission rates have been observed from both agricultural and forest soils in temperate regions as a consequence of diurnal fluctuations in temperature (Blackmer et al., 1982; Ball et al., 1999; Baggs et al., 2002). The objective of this …
