Native Grasses: Their Distribution And Management In South-Eastern Australia,
2024
NSW Agriculture
Native Grasses: Their Distribution And Management In South-Eastern Australia, P M. Dowling, D L. Garden, P C. Simpson, D Eddy, D R. Kemp
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The economic survival of landholders depends on improving net returns. On the Tablelands of New South Wales, where substantial tracts of the original native perennial grasses still remain, an opportunity to do this exists by making belier use of these pastures. Over 150 years of grazing by sheep and cattle is considered to have resulted in the evolution of more grazing tolerant and nutrientresponsive grasses. This paper reports on the approach taken in developing a native grass strategy for tableland country, A survey sought to delineate the distribution of the native grass species under grazed conditions, while the feasibility of …
Nitrogen Content Of Panicum Maximum When Grown With Stylo And Siratro Under Two Moisture Regimes,
2024
University of Peradeniya
Nitrogen Content Of Panicum Maximum When Grown With Stylo And Siratro Under Two Moisture Regimes, U R. Sangakkara, K B. Attanayake
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The impact of 2 popular tropical legumes on the nitrogen (N) content of the rhizosphere and an associated grass (Panicum maximum) in a soil with low N status was evaluated. The effect of 2 soil moisture contents on this process, (a) field capacity - 25% depletion and (b) 50% depletion or below, was also studied. At the high soil moisture level, both legumes increased the N content of soil and Panlcum over the control. The N content of the soil and grass treatments containing stylo was marginally higher than in soils containing siratro. This phenomenon was less marked …
Effects Of Endophyte In Perennial Ryegrass On Pasture Establishment And Botanical Composition In Victoria,
2024
Department of Food and Agriculture, AU
Effects Of Endophyte In Perennial Ryegrass On Pasture Establishment And Botanical Composition In Victoria, P E. Quigley, N M. Mcfarlane
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants, which contained an endophyte (Acremonium lolli), established at higher plant densities than ryegrass plants which seldom contained endophyte. Presence of endophyle did not affect ryegrass planl dry weight or tiller number. Application of phosphatic fertiliser, increased seeding rate, or use of seed which frequently contained endophyte could increase ryegrass tillers/m2• The growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), sown with the ryegrass, was reduced when endophyle was presenl in the grass. It is postulaled that the weaker growth of subterranean clover would prejudice its seed production and hence reduce the long-term …
Inverted "T" Drill Openers For Pasture Establishment By Conservation Tillage,
2024
Massey University
Inverted "T" Drill Openers For Pasture Establishment By Conservation Tillage, C J. Baker, M A. Choudhary, K E. Saxton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No-tillage is an increasingly acceptable practice for pasture renewal in New Zealand. Seeding and fertilising are the most difficult operations to consistently perform well in a residue-covered surface for establishment of subsequent pastures and crops. Two new seed drill openers for seed and fertiliser placement in conservation tillage are described. These openers, developed in New Zealand and tested extensively ln NZ, USA, Canada and Australia, create an inverted "T-shaped" slot, One version uses a single winged tine while the other version uses a single disk running straight ahead against which 2 winged side blades rub. They raise the soil for …
Long-Term Sustainability Of Livestock-Producing Farming Systems In Contrasting Regions With Mediterranean-Type Climates,
2024
University of Western Australia
Long-Term Sustainability Of Livestock-Producing Farming Systems In Contrasting Regions With Mediterranean-Type Climates, P S. Cocks, G Gintzburger
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The soils, vegetation, and sustainability of forming systems in west Asia and north Africa (WANA) are compared with those in southern Australia (SA). Although climates are similar, soils differ markedly; most of W ANA has young soils derived from limestone, while most of SA has old soils derived from previous periods of high rainfall. Initially, the soils of W ANA were more fertile than those of SA, their current infertility being associated with 10 000 years of agricultural exploitation. In contrast the fertility of soils in SA has increased in the 200 years since European settlement. In both regions agriculture …
Fattening Performance Of Weaned Lambs Grazed On Common Vetch-Barley Mixture Sown On Fallow Land,
2024
Ankara University
Fattening Performance Of Weaned Lambs Grazed On Common Vetch-Barley Mixture Sown On Fallow Land, A Elicin, M Ilaslan, M Munzur, S Cangir, A Karabulut
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of investigation was to estimate faltening performance of 40 weaned 2.5-month-old single male Akkaraman lambs grazed on a barley and common vetch mixture grown on summer fallow. The first group was grazed on the mixture only, the second group was grazed on the mixture + 500 g concentrate feed a day, the third group was grazed on the mixture + ad lib. concentrate feed and the last group was fed solely on concentrate feed. The investigation lasted 42 days, Average live-weight gains of the groups were 10.2, I 1.3, 11.3 and 10.3 kg and their daily live-weight gains …
A Subterranean Clover Ideotype For A Cool Temperate Environment,
2024
Western Australian Department of Agriculture
A Subterranean Clover Ideotype For A Cool Temperate Environment, P M. Evans
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Data from several experiments in Tasmania (40-42°S; 500-700 mm annual rainfall) were examined to test the hypothesis that a successful cultivar of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) should be late maturing, soft seeded, high seed yielding and competitive. Maturity alone accounted for 68% of the variation in spring production, On average, for every day increase in time to flower, production increased by 43 kg/ha. In the field seed losses averaged 25% per year and, after 3 seasons, no differences were apparent between "soft-" and "hard-seeded" cultivars in total seed loss. Success in this environment does not appear to be …
Effect Of Some Characteristics Of Diurnal Temperature Fluctuations On The Softening Of Hard Seeds Of Medicago Polymorpha, G B. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The softening of hard seeds of Medicago polymorpha is a 2-stage process. The final stage of softening. tends to take place in autumn, thereby affording the seeds some degree of protection against germination and subsequent loss after summer rain. Temperature conditions associated with this final stage of seed softening were investigated within the range 5-55°C. The required amplitude of diurnal temperature fluctuation was about 30°C, with a daily maximum between 30-45°C and a minimum less than 20°C. The slower the temperature fall, the more effective the temperature fluctuations, Between 4 and 8 diurnal cycles of the most favourable temperature conditions …
China Grass (Pemiisetum Polystacliion (L,) Shult) Pasture In Northern Benin: Fodder Species Composition, Productivity, Feed Value And Grazing Value,
2024
Universite Libre de Bruxelles
China Grass (Pemiisetum Polystacliion (L,) Shult) Pasture In Northern Benin: Fodder Species Composition, Productivity, Feed Value And Grazing Value, J Lejoly, B Sinsin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
China grass pasture occurs mainly on fallow lands throughout northern Benin, Floristic analysis showed an average number of 31 species among which 55% are recognised as palatable. Forage categories (%) were: good grasses 0.1; medium value grasses 29.8; poor quality grasses 4.3; legumes 24.l; miscellaneous forbs 27.2 and unpalatable species 14.5. China grass (Pe1111ise1Um polystachion) accounted for 20.4%. Maximum dry matter (OM) production of the pasture recorded at the end of the growing season was 6.30 I/ha, Weighting contributive value of china grass lo the productivity was 48.1 %; its digestible protein content decreased from 34.1 g/kg OM at the …
Effects Of Phosphate And Stocking Rate On Mediterranean Grasslands In Northern Syria,
2024
ICARDA
Effects Of Phosphate And Stocking Rate On Mediterranean Grasslands In Northern Syria, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three rates of phosphate (0, 11 and 26 kg/ha P) were applied to phosphorus-deficient native grassland in northern Syria, and botanical composition, biomass and legume seed production were monitored. The experiment was grazed at low and high ( 1.1 and 2.3 sheep/ha per year) stocking rates. The site is typical of native grassland within the cereal zone of west Asia where cropping is not possible because of shallow, stony soils and steep slopes. Results showed that annual applications of P, even as low as 11 kg P/ha, corrected the deficiency in soil P and improved pasture production. The practical Implications …
Constraints And Opportunities For Turkish Grasslands Use Patterns And The Expected Development Of Forage Crops, With The South-Eastern Anatolian Project (Gap) In Turkey,
2024
Cukurova University
Constraints And Opportunities For Turkish Grasslands Use Patterns And The Expected Development Of Forage Crops, With The South-Eastern Anatolian Project (Gap) In Turkey, T Tukel, T Saglamtimur, H Gulcan, V Tansi, A E. Anlarsal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Turkey has 78 million ha land area. Of this, about 28% covers permanent grasslands, 36% arable land, and 30% forest and woodlands. Mainly, ii has a typical mediterranean climate but with regional differences. In general, Turkish grasslands are continuously being overutilised. There are 3 utilisation systems called sedentary, transhumance and nomadic. Each not only has its constraints but also some rational use under special situations. Intensive feeding programmes with high yielding and quality forage crops are also being encouraged. Recently, a national project, the south-eastern Anatolian Project (GAP in Turkish), is proceeding in the form of a big regional development. …
Subterranean Clover Pasture Improvement And Utilisation In The Andes Foothills Of The Mediterranean Subhumid Zone Of Chile, Hernan Acuna, Patricio Soto, German Klee
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application on subterraneum clover (Trifolium subterraneum) cv. Mount Barker dry matter (DM) yield were measured in cutting and grazing experiments. Residual nitrogen (N) in soil, after 5 years, was estimated by growing wheat with different N rates. The soil is of volcanic ash origin and has high P retention. The annual rainfall is around 1300 mm, mainly in winter. P application increased DM production (3-7 I/ha/year on average), the clover proportion and the available P in soil (0-50 mm depth). The available N in soil increased from year to year, …
Development And Evaluation Of A Core Germplasm Collection Of Annual Medicago Species In The United States,
2024
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Development And Evaluation Of A Core Germplasm Collection Of Annual Medicago Species In The United States, G R. Bauchan, N Diwan, M Mcintosh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The annual medics are endemic to the Mediterranean region. There are 34 recognised species of annual medics and 3159 accessions in the US Plant Introduction collection. Although there is interest in the annual medics for use in sustainable agricultural systems, the US collection is underutilised owing to a lack of agronomic information. Development of a core collection may be a method of condensing the collection of agronomic data on the available germplasm to make it more accessible for utilisation by breeders and agronomists. A core germplasm collection is a small collection that represents the maximum genetic diversity with minimum repetitiveness. …
Persistence And Productivity Of Some Forage Varieties And Land Races Of Different Origin Grown In Central Italy,
2024
University of Perugia
Persistence And Productivity Of Some Forage Varieties And Land Races Of Different Origin Grown In Central Italy, M Falcinelli, F Veronesi, L Russi, P Pollidori
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In Italy, the lack of interest in producing seed of improved and adapted varieties of forage species, particularly of grasses, has caused a widespread utilisation of foreign varieties imported from northern Europe and North America. Most of these varieties are not adapted to a mediterranean climate and, hence, are less persistent and productive than the local varieties. Persistence and productivity of 17 grass (Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum, Dactylias glomerata, Festuca arundinacea) and 19 legume (Medlcago saliva, Trlfolium repens, T. pratense, Lotus cornicidatus, L. teaulus, L. peduncllatus) varieties and land races from Italy, northern Europe and New …
Refining A Residual Dry Matter Technique For Assessing Standing Biomass Estimates In Grazed Mediterranean Ecosystems,
2024
USDA, SCS
Refining A Residual Dry Matter Technique For Assessing Standing Biomass Estimates In Grazed Mediterranean Ecosystems, J R. Brown, M Cocke, L Steffen
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Because most water quality objectives are set at the watershed level, it is important to determine hydrologic characteristics of land units within watersheds and predict the impact of land uses and treatments on watershed outputs. Rangeland hydrology research indicates that vegetative cover and biomass are reliable indicators of sediment production from uplands, The Residual Dry Matter (RDM) technique (Clawson et al. 1980} is a proven method of assessing standing crop biomass. This technique is easily learned and observer independent. After one training session, observers were able to estimate accurately (R2>0.90) the amount of biomass on the soil surface. RDM …
Influence Of Level And Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On The Availability And Quality Of Kikuyu Foggage,
2024
University of Pretoria
Influence Of Level And Distribution Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On The Availability And Quality Of Kikuyu Foggage, N F.G Rethman, C C. De Witt
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The value of pasture rested in the late growing season for use as foggage during the dormant season is well known. More detailed information on the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilisation practices (level and distribution) on the availability and quality of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestfoum Chiov.) foggage was obtained from a smallplot clipping trial incorporating 3 levels of N (100, 200 and 300 kg/ ha) and 4 distributions. Prom these results it is evident that dry matter responses were obtained up to 200 kg N/ha, whereas the crude protein responses were linear up to 300 kg N/ha applied in the …
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value,
2024
Tapada da Ajuda
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. I. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Chemical Composition And Nutritive Value, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Chemical composition and nutritive value of Setaria sphacelata var. splendida were studied under 3 culling frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, under mediterranean irrigated conditions. The effect of cutting frequency on chemical composition and nutritive value was evaluated by measuring crude protein, structural and non-structural carbohydrates and dry mailer digestibility. Metabolisable energy was also estimated. Nutritive value was not strongly affected by cutting frequency and acceptable quality was found in the 56 days treatment (60% IVDMD, 8.5 MJ MB/kg OM, 10% CP). The results achieved are similar to those obtained With annual summer forage grasses like Sorghum spp.
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. Ii. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Growth Pattern And Yield,
2024
Tapada da Ajunda
Evaluation Of Setaria Sphacelata Var. Splendida In Mediterranean Irrigated Conditions. Ii. Effect Of Cutting Frequency On Growth Pattern And Yield, P C. Tenreiro
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Growth pattern, yield and forage productivity of irrigated Setaria sphacelata var. splendida under mediterranean conditions were studied under 3 cutting frequencies, 14, 28 and 56 days, and without cutting. Increases in cutting frequency had a detrimental effect on yield and forage productivity. Higher total biomass production (1.6S8 kg DM/m2), crop growth rate (21.S g/m2/day), LAI (4,8) and radiation use efficiency (1.1 g DM/MJ) were observed at S6 days cutting interval. The highest biomass production (3,295 kg DM/m2) was found with uninterrupted growth. Biomass production at 56 days interval was similar to that found with maize and sorghum but forage productivity …
Water Use And Productivity Of Annual Legume-Based Pasture Systems In The South-West Of Western Australia,
2024
CSIRO
Water Use And Productivity Of Annual Legume-Based Pasture Systems In The South-West Of Western Australia, T P. Bolger, N C. Turner, B J. Leach
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
There Is a perception in the farming and research communities of a general decline in the productivity of annual pastures in the mediterranean climatic zone of Australia. Plant growth and water use often are linearly related in water-limited environments. Consequently, pastures are seen as having low water use and contributing to problems of land degradation. Our aim was to determine potential pasture production in relation to rainfall and the influence of management factors on growth and water use. Experiments were initiated at S locations along a gradient of 300-Ll00 mm annual rainfall. At each site a maximum production treatment was …
Dana- A Low Input Grass, For Sustainable Production In The Summer Rainfall Areas Of South Africa,
2024
University of Pretoria
Dana- A Low Input Grass, For Sustainable Production In The Summer Rainfall Areas Of South Africa, P A. Pieterse, J Van Bosch, N F.G Rethman
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Bana, a South African hybrid between Pennisetum purpureum and Penmisetumn glantcum, was evaluated in a fertiliser trial at the University of Pretoria. The initial pH(H20) of the soil was 4.2, the P status 12 my/ kg and the K status 50 mg/kg, A third of the.plots were treated with Ca(OH)2, to raise the pH(H20) to 5.6, while on another third, the pH was raised to 6.5. There were 4 nitrogen treatments, 0, 100, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/year, Production and quality was measured during 3 consecutive seasons, after the season of establishment. The treatment which received no N produced 14.5 …
