Development Of An International Collection Of Tropical Forage Germplasm For Acid Soils,
2025
CIAT
Development Of An International Collection Of Tropical Forage Germplasm For Acid Soils, R Schultze-Kraft
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
SUMMARY A Program conducted by the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical ( CIA T) to develop a collection of forage plant germplasm resources for tropical pasture research in acid, infertile soil areas is described. After an initial 5-year stage of preliminary work in germplasm collection and introduction, 28 major expeditions to collect native germplasm of tropical forage species were carried out in 10 countries on 3 continents, principally in regions with acid soils of low fertility during 1977 to 1984. Emphasis has been on legumes,mainly Centrosema, Desmodium, Stylosanthes, and Zornia, in tropical America, andDesmodium, its allied genera, andPueraria in Southeast …
A Global Plan For Forage Genetic Resources,
2025
IBPGR
A Global Plan For Forage Genetic Resources, W. Ellis Davies
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Initially the Board's work gave priority to major crops but latterly more attention has been given to forage plants. Forages now have a high priority in the following IBPGR regions: Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central America, the Andean region, southern South America and Europe. One major difficulty with forage plants is the large number of genera/ species - numbering into thousands which have some forage value. For practical operational reasons the world forage genetic resources have been considered under headings (a) Tropical and sub-tropical areas (b) Mediterranean and adjacent semi-arid/areas and (c) Temperate areas. Because …
Modification Des Facteurs Biotiques Par La Presence D'Arbres En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise: Effets Sur La Production Herbagere, B Msika, M Etienne
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La region mediterraneenne franc;:aise se caracterise par !'importance de son territoire forestier qui, bien que souvent degrade, comporte une grande variete d'especes arborees. II s'agit principalement de peuplements forestiers spontanes geres en taillis ou de reboisements en resineux. Abandonnes depuis les annees 40, ces espaces sont devenus totalement improductifs et posent des problemes de protection contre Jes incendies ou de gestion sylvicole adaptee. Dans le contexte actuel, et dans ce type de milieu, la diversification des productions semble etre une voie interessante a creuser. Les amenagements sylvopastoraux pourraient done constituer une alternative interessante ; encore faut-il que Jes conditions optimales …
Living Heritage, Resilience And Ethically Informed Infrastructures In Malawi,
2025
CUNY Lehman College
Living Heritage, Resilience And Ethically Informed Infrastructures In Malawi, Martha B. Lerski, Frank Puluputu Mwale
Publications and Research
Rooted in a rural community’s needs, this paper explores how historically, and ethically informed infrastructures can support community engagement towards identification, documentation, and dissemination of local, traditional, and indigenous knowledge relating to climate change. The paper examines climate adaptation and sustainability issues through the lenses of community organizing and Library & Information Science best practices. It draws on a growing body of literature identifying a role for expanded epistemological and subject discipline perspectives. While the impacts of climate on material culture are increasingly recognized, intangible, and biocultural heritage have not received as much attention. Living heritage traditions and knowledge systems …
The Dynamics Of Daily Area And Depth Of Grazing And Herbage Intake Of Cows In A Five Day Paddock System, M H. Wade, J L. Peyraud, G Lemaire, E A. Comeron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Optimisation of animal production per unit area results in a penalty to individual animal production and herbage intake. The objective of the present study was to examine the dynamic changes in a grass sward in relation to declining production and herbage intake in five day paddocks grazed by dairy cows. The study formed part of a larger project to examine the effects of stocking rate and grazing method upon milk production and herbage intake that is reported by Peyraud et al. (1989).
The Relationship Of Herbage Intake Of Cattle To Herbage Mass, And Its Utilization On Rotationally Grazed Pasture,
2025
Nagoya University
The Relationship Of Herbage Intake Of Cattle To Herbage Mass, And Its Utilization On Rotationally Grazed Pasture, T Okajima, K Sawada, H Noriike, H Yokota
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the central part of Honshu island in Japan, seasonal variation of herbage mass is also large (Okajima et al., 1985). So, when the grazing managements, i.e. stocking rate, grazing intensity etc., were not appropriate, part of herbage produced was lost through standing dead and litter, or grazing cattle lose their body weight. Sward characteristics affect the grazing behaviour of cattle (Jamieson and Hodgson, 1979), and then affect the herbage production and utilization. Relative herbage intake of cows was related to sward height (Baker et al., 1981). So, sward height was used as the indicator of the grazing management in …
The Effect Of Daily Herbage Allowance On The Ingestive Behavior Of Dairy Cows,
2025
Academy of Agriculture Wojska Polskiego
The Effect Of Daily Herbage Allowance On The Ingestive Behavior Of Dairy Cows, M Rogalski, J Kryszak, Z Karzoun
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In conditions of pasture feeding sward selection and consumption by grazing animals is strongly influenced by characters of herbage (Forbes, 1986). Quantitative and qualitative state of the sward affects its consumption primarily through changes of such elements in animal behaviour as grazing time and number and size of bites (Hodgson, 1982, 1985). Relativelyt much research has been done to investigate the response to the grazed sward of such ruminants as sheep, while the response of cattle, and particularly of dairy cows, has received much less attention (Arnold, 1981 ; Holmes, 1980). This paper presents results of investigations on the effect …
Effect Of Grazing On Pasture Production In South-West Western Australia,
2025
Western Australian Department of Agriculture
Effect Of Grazing On Pasture Production In South-West Western Australia, K.M S. Curtis, A C. Dunlop, T O. Albertson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
INTRODUCTION With a mediterranean climate in the south-west of Western Australia, pastures are composed of annual species from the genera Trifolium, Hordeum, Lolium, Bromus, Vulpia, Erodium and Artotheca. The length of the growing season ranges from 9 months near the coast to less than 5 months in the eastern wheatbelt. Seven million hectares of pastures are grazed predominantly by Merino sheep (about 33 millions). Stoking rate is the major factor affecting wool production on farm. An increase in stocking rate reduces wool production per sheep.Increasing the stocking rate reduces total pasture growth (Dunlop, et al., 1984) and changes the botanic …
Development Of A General Relationship Between Stocking Rate And Animal Production,
2025
University of Natal
Development Of A General Relationship Between Stocking Rate And Animal Production, J.M Van Heerden, N M. Tainton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One of the best known mathematical representations of the relationship between stocking rate and individual animal production, that of Mot (1960), postulated a modified exponential relationship. Subsequent workers, however, derived a linear relationship between stocking rate and production per animal unit, at least at stocking rates beyond a certain minimum value. One of these relationships, that of Jones & Sandland (1974), is widely used in South Africa. The results of grazing trials with sheep on complex grass/legume mixtures in the winter rainfall region of South Africa (van Heerden & Tainton, 1987-1988), however, suggested a degree of non-linearity in this relationship. …
Mixed Animal Species Grazing Under Temperate And Semi-Arid Conditions,
2025
Teagasc
Mixed Animal Species Grazing Under Temperate And Semi-Arid Conditions, T Nolan, J Connolly, L M. Guillon, C Sall, K Dieye, K Dieye, H Guerin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Mixed grazing has been practiced for a long time, under a variety of climatic conditions, combinations of animal species and grazing managements (Nolan and Connolly, 1977). They suggested that although mixed grazing research progress was impeded by difficulties associated with the increased number of variables involved it offered greater opportunity to improve resource use. The purpose of this paper is to present results from recent research carried out under temperate and semi-arid conditions related to individual animal and per unit area outputs, animal/vegetation relationships and complemetary patterns of grazing behavious in relation to more efficient and balanced use of vegetation …
The Influence Of Clothes On The Thermoregulatory Behavior And The Protection Against External Parasites Of Grazing Cattle,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute
The Influence Of Clothes On The Thermoregulatory Behavior And The Protection Against External Parasites Of Grazing Cattle, M Sakurai, A Yamada
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Under the monsoon climate, maximum temperature showed 34 °C in August and minimum temperature showed - 15 °C in February, total rainfall amounting to 1.700 mm. Through the welfare of the grazing cattle, both hot, rain and frosty environment influence the animal production (Bennett et al., 1984; Done-Currie Jr et al., 1984; Fraser, 1983). In order to improve the welfare of grazing cattle under hot, cold, rain and attacks of the external parasites, the efficiency of cattle clothes were studied.
Comparison Of Energy Budget In Pastures By System Model: Intensively Managed Pasture Vs. Extensively Managed Pasture,
2025
National Grassland Research Institute,
Comparison Of Energy Budget In Pastures By System Model: Intensively Managed Pasture Vs. Extensively Managed Pasture, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, K Ochiai, H Kobayashi, S Shioya, T Ami
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An annual gain of 1 ton cattle body weight per ha was attained in an intensively managed pasture (IMP) of the National Grassland research Institute, NGRI, in 1986. In this experiment the efficiency of solar energy converted into herbage and cattle body was not directly determined although seasonal changes in herbage and animal biomasses were measured. In current report, the energy budget for herbage and cattle body in this pasture was estimated and compared with that in an extensively managed pasture (EMP) using a system model.
Cattle Grazing Of Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge) Sward Canopy As Influenced By Dung Deposition,
2025
Miyazaki University
Cattle Grazing Of Bahiagrass (Paspalum Notatum Flugge) Sward Canopy As Influenced By Dung Deposition, M Hirata, Y Sugimoto, M Ueno
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
It is commonly observed in a grazed pasture that the grazing animal rejects the herbage on and near the dung pat (Marsh and Campling, 1970). However, quantitative information on the dung-induced changes in herbage consumption is very limited. In this study, cattle grazing of the dung-deposited sward canopy is compared with that of the dung-free sward canopy in order to clear the cattle dung effect on the herbage consumption in a bahiagrass pasture.
Faeceal Recoveries Of The Alkanes Of Plant Cuticular Waxes In Penned And In Grazing Sheep,
2025
CSIRO
Faeceal Recoveries Of The Alkanes Of Plant Cuticular Waxes In Penned And In Grazing Sheep, H Dove, R W. Mayes, M Freer, J B. Coombe, J Z. Foot
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The saturated odd-chain hydrocarbons (alkanes) of plant cuticular waxes, with chain lengths in the range C25-C35, can be used as internal markers for estimating herbage digestibility (Mayes and Lamb, 1984). In similar fashion, orally-administered even-chain alkanes (e.g. C23, C32 or C36) can be used to estimate faecal output (Mayes et al., 1986). These calculations, if done separately, require assumptions or information about the faecal recovery of alkanes. An alternative approach is to use one natural and one synthetic alkane, adjacent in chain length, to directly estimate herbage intake since, in this case, the incomplete recoveries have been shown to cancel …
Estimation Of Pasture Intake In Grazing Ewes, Using The Alkanes Of Plant Cuticular Waxes,
2025
CSIRO
Estimation Of Pasture Intake In Grazing Ewes, Using The Alkanes Of Plant Cuticular Waxes, H Dove, J Z. Foot, M Freer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Herbage intake in grazing animals is commonly estimated from faecal dry matter output, calculated from the dilution of orally-administered chromium sesquioxide (Cr203), and an in�� vitro estimate of herbage digestibility (e.g., Freer et al. 1988). A major disadvantage of this approach is that a single digestibility value is ultimately applied to all the animals in a group, despite the fact that both the level of intake of individual animals and the consumption of supplement can alter herbage digestibility (Waite et al. 1964). More recently, Mayes et al.(1986) obtained accrurate estimates of known herbage, from a combination of the faecal levels …
Dynamique De La Vegetation Dans Des Parcours Des Prealpes Du Sud De La France,
2025
GAP
Dynamique De La Vegetation Dans Des Parcours Des Prealpes Du Sud De La France, O Senn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Une experimentation de revalorisation des terrains de parcours exige un suivi phyto-ecologique dans le but de preciser !'impact du paturage ovin sur la vegetation spontanee et !es modalites de son evolution. Ce suivi a ete effectue au sein d'exploitations agricoles situees dans !es Prealpes calcaires du sud de la France, entre 750 et 1000 m d'altitude ; la moyenne des precipitations annuelles varie de 700 a 1000 mm.
A Modified Linear Programming Method For Assesing The Effects Of Mixed Grazing In The Heterogenous Environments,
2025
University College Dublin
A Modified Linear Programming Method For Assesing The Effects Of Mixed Grazing In The Heterogenous Environments, J Connolly, T Nolan, L M. Guillon, C Sall, K Dieye, H Guerin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of the programme of which this work is part is to investigate the role of mixed grazing in preservation of range vegetation and sustaining or improving animal production in the Senegalese Sahel. In this paper we apply the linear programming method of Connolly (1974) modified to allow for missing information, to data on animal preferences for plant species.
Intensive Continuous Dairy Cows Grazing Of An Heterogeneous Grassland: Botanical Evolution In Relation With The Animal Behavior, Anne Mathieu, B Leclerc, J L. Fiorelli, B Jeannin, B Hubert, E De Vaubernier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Intensive continuous grazing is now well established in temperate climate countries (Parker, 1987). In semi-continental climate, the adjustment of stocking rate to herbage growth is more complex (Mathieu and Jeannin, 1986). Moreover parcels are very often an assemblage of different types of permanent meadows. The question of animal behaviour in relation to this spatial heterogeneity, and the subsequent evolution of the pasture was posed. The perenniality of this grazing system is dependent on the trend of this evolution. An experimentation was carried out in the northeastern France (Mirecourt, Vosges) by INRA, in order to analyse spatial choices made by dairy …
Consommation Par Des Caprins De Quercus Ilex Et Quercus Pubescens Dans Un Taillis Mediterraneen,
2025
INRA
Consommation Par Des Caprins De Quercus Ilex Et Quercus Pubescens Dans Un Taillis Mediterraneen, M C. Leouffre, E Lecrivain, B Leclerc
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Abandonnes depuis une cinquantaine d'annees, Jes massifs forestiers du sud-est de Ia France s'embroussaillent, Jes risques d'incendie augmentent alors que des eleveurs caprins a la recherche de ressources fourrageres pour !es troupeaux sont prets a utiliser ces milieux, done a participer a leur entretien. Afin de bien gerer l'espace et de controler )'impact des caprins, une etude a ete effectuee sur la consommation des deux principales especes ligneuses des taillis mediterraneens.
Composition Botanique Du Regime Alimentaire Des Bovins, Ovins Et Caprins Exploitant Des Parcours Naturels Et Agropastoraux Du Senegal,
2025
IEMVT-CIRAD
Composition Botanique Du Regime Alimentaire Des Bovins, Ovins Et Caprins Exploitant Des Parcours Naturels Et Agropastoraux Du Senegal, H Guerin, D Richard, D Froit, N Mbaye, C Sall
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
La description botanique du regime ingere par !es ruminants au paturage peut resulter de methodes tres precises de terrain (Bourbouze, 1980) et de laboratoire (Theurer et al, 1976) ou au contraire d'une approche qualitative consistant a classer !es especes en fonction de leur appetibilite. La methode conc;ue pour cette etude a une precision intermediaire. Elle visait a fournir rapidement des informations sur !'utilisation des fourrages de parcours naturels saheliens (Vindou Tiengoli - 200 ha) OU sahelo-soudaniens (Doli - 740 ha) clotures et de parcours agrospastoraux soudaniens (Thysse Kayemor-terroir de 10.000 ha environ) ou soudano-guineens (Kolda-terroir de 3.000 ha) (carte 1).
