Agricultural Science Commons^™

Effect Of Different Phosphorous Sources And Levels On The Productive Behaviour Of A Lotus Pedunculatus Cv. Grasslands Maku Oversown Pasture, R. E. Bermúdez, W. Ayala

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The organic meat production protocol of Uruguay (INAC, 2003) requires that the animals graze pastures that receive no chemical fertilisers. The oversown legume pastures in Uruguay used to be fertilised with soluble phosphorous (P) sources that are not accepted by the protocol. The relative efficiency of different P sources would be useful data for farmers. This information is not available for the acid soils of the eastern region of Uruguay. Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku is one of the most adapted legumes to be included in this type of pasture, as the sown area has increased in the last few …

Effects Of Sowing Date And Phosphorus Fertiliser Application On Winter Survival Of Lucerne Cv. Aohan In The Northern Semi-Arid Region Of China, Z. L. Wang, Q. Zh. Sun, Y. W. Wang, Zh. Y. Li, Sh. F. Zhao

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the northern semi-arid region of China, winter survival is always a limiting factor for lucerne production, because low temperatures and a dry climate in winter (Zhou et al., 1993; Ma, 2000; Sun & Gui, 2001; Sun et al., 2003). An experiment was conducted to find an appropriate sowing date and P application rate in order to improve lucerne winter survival.

Organic And Mineral Fertilisation Of Temporary Grassland, Michele Maiorana, F. Montemurro, F. Fornaro

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Italy, the need to reduce the application of chemical fertilisers and to dispose of different kinds of bio-wastes (municipal solid waste (MSW), olive mill waste, distiller's grains) has led to more compost being made from these materials. Since 1995 our Institute has carried out several studies on different crops. The results obtained so far for grain and industrial crops (Montemurro et al., 2003; Maiorana et al., 2004) appear very interesting. But rarely have the composts been applied to fodder crops. Therefore, this research is aimed to evaluate the effect of MSW-compost on temporary grassland of cocksfoot ( …

Effect Of Animal Manure On Forage Yield And Quality Of Pangolagrass And Soil Fertility, Fu‐Hsing Hsu, Kuoyuan Hong, C. H. Hsieh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal wastes may cause environmental pollution. Lu & Hsu (2004) reported that N utilisation in the manure by pangolagrass was 10-28%. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of animal manure on forage yield and quality of pangolagrass and soil fertility.

Effect Of Mineral Fertiliser Levels On The Yield Quality Of Perennial Ryegrass, S. R. Bumane, Aleksandr Adamovich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Perennial ryegrass is a short-lived bunch-grass with shallow root system. The plant is nutritious and palatable and stands up to hard grazing. It will not do well under poor conditions, where fertility or rainfall is low. Perennial ryegrass is a major component in different seed mixtures that are used for grassland management and forage production. This plant is the predominant component in nearly all pasture mixtures, with perennial ryegrass and white or red clover forming the basis for permanent pasture for dairy production and cattle. This grass species plays an important role in grassland productivity and forage quality. Ryegrass requires …

Effects Of Cattle Slurry, Their Solid And Liquid Fractions And Mineral N Fertilizers On Italian Ryegrass And Maize Forage Yield, H. Trindade, J. Coutinho, N. Moreira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Solid-liquid slurry separation techniques expand possibilities to improve slurry use efficiency and to reduce its negative environmental impact. These possibilities arise from the different behaviour of the two fractions concerning the release of nutrients, namely nitrogen (N), due to different C:N ratios (≈30 for the solid fraction and ≈7 for the liquid fraction).

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of cattle-slurry and their solid and liquid fractions applied at sowing time of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Andrea) and forage maize on crop dry matter (DM) yield. In the NW region of Portugal these two …

Combinations Of Nitrogen And Sulphur For Signal Grass Yield, F. A. Monteiro, C. P. Silveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) is grown in Brazilian pastures, and the increase in forage yield of such pastures is achieved by fertilization. Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient mostly demanded for increasing grass productivity, and its utilization creates a demand for other nutrients, such as sulphur (S). These two nutrients are well related in plant metabolism, but the S nutrition of signal grass must be better understood. The use of a fractional factorial makes possible the study of several rates of these two nutrients, that combined with the response surface methodology allows anyone to find out the responses to …

Supplementation Of Cattle With Rock Phosphate And Urea Treated Straw To Improve Manure Quality And Crop Yields In The Sahel Zone Of Senegal, Maimouna Cissé, M. N’Diaye, C. M. N'Dione

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mineral deficiencies are a major constraint in improving animal production and crop yield in the Sahel zone (Cissé et al., 1996). Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) are two major food and cash crops in this zone. The purpose of this study was to assess effects of supplementing grazing cattle with rock phosphate and nitrogen enriched diets on animal performances, and the effects of the application of their manure on crop yield in a pearl millet-groundnut rotational system located in N Senegal.

Nitrogen Response Of Spring And Winter Wheat To Biosolids Compared To Chemical Fertiliser, W. Kato, O. T. Carton, D. Mcgrath, H. Tunney, W. E. Murphy, P. O'Toole

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Irish sewage sludge production was over 30,000 t/year in the 1990s (EPA, Ireland, 2003). Application to agricultural land is a management option for this organic material as it results in the recycling of the nutrients they contain for crop production. The EU Directive (91/271/EEC) encourages the recycling of sewage sludge as biosolids to agriculture. However, up to 1999, only about 5 % of biosolids produced was applied to agricultural land. In this study, several biosolids and a chemical fertiliser were used to assess N availability for spring and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in a pot experiment.

Nitrogen Balance And Soil Nitrates In Suckler Cow Pastures Fertilised With Mineral Fertiliser, Pig Slurry Or Cattle Compost, Isabelle Dufrasne, J. F. Cabaraux, L. Istasse, J. L. Hornick

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A code of good practice was established by each European member state according to the EU Nitrate Directive. In Belgium, the nitrogen (N) inputs on pastures from slurry or compost are limited to 210 kg N/ha. Bigger quantities can be applied if the farmer follows a programme of additional measurements, including soil nitrate (NO₃) analysis. This investigation aimed to measure animal performance, N balance and soil NO₃ in pastures fertilised with mineral N, pig slurry or cattle compost, the pastures being grazed by Belgian Blue cows and their calves.

Reducing Soil Phosphorus Buildup From Animal Manure Application, G. W. Evers

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Animal manure is an excellent plant nutrient source for pastures but increasing soil P level over time is a major environmental problem (Sims et al., 1998). The increase in residual soil P is due to the difference in N-P ratio in the manure and forage crop requirements (Robinson, 1996). All the N in animal manure is normally utilised but only from 20 to 40% of the P is taken up. With moderate rates of manure application, nitrogen becomes the limiting nutrient for grasses. The objective of this study was to see if combining commercial N fertiliser with broiler litter …

Effects Of Nitrogen Fertiliser On Nitrate Leaching And Production Of Autumn-Sown Italian Ryegrass In A Double-Cropping System On A New Zealand Dairy Farm, Errol R. Thom, A. A. Judge, R. N. Jensen, M. S. Sprosen, Sterwart F. Ledgard, W. D. Catto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

On intensive dairy farms in New Zealand, winter Italian ryegrass crops are combined with summer maize silage crops in double-cropping systems. Limited data (Davies & Neilson, 1975) showed variable ryegrass yield responses to nitrogen (N) fertiliser when grown after maize. Nitrogen leaching losses were not measured in this experiment but Ledgard et al. (1988) showed that late autumn/early winter N applications are vulnerable to leaching. Different rates of N fertiliser were applied to Italian ryegrass grown after maize to assess yield responses and levels of nitrate leaching.

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Losses In Runoff On Beef Production Systems, Marta Alfaro, F. J. Salazar, N. G. Teuber, S. P. Iraira, L. A. Ramirez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In West Europe countries between 37 and 82% of the nitrogen (N) and between 27 and 38% of the phosphorus (P) reaching water sources come from agriculture and a strong correlation between the number of animals per area unit and N and P contribution to waters has been shown (Issermann, 1990). There are few data about the environmental impact of beef production systems in Southern Chile. The objective of this experiment was to quantify N and P losses in runoff (surface and subsurface) with two different stocking rates in Southern Chile.

Effect Of Long-Term Nutrient Management Strategies For Pastures On Phosphorus In Surface Runoff And Soil Quality, G. L. Mullins, J. P. Fontenot, G. A. Alloush, G. Johnson, D. G. Boyer, V. G. Allen, G. Scaglia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Manure, whether mechanically applied or deposited by grazing animals, has been associated with increased risk of non-point source pollution, especially phosphorus. This is especially true in areas where the industry, especially poultry, has been concentrated in geographical areas that are grain deficient, resulting in a reliance on imported grain for poultry feed. Intensification has resulted in the production of large quantities of poultry manure, within relatively small geographical areas. Surplus litter is typically land applied as a nutrient source or used as an animal feed. The objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of long-term nutrient management strategies …

Nitrate Leaching In The Meadows Of Western Lithuania With Different Liming And Fertilisation Levels, Ruta Butkute, N. Daugeliene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Investigations of recent decades in the Baltic region including Lithuania showed that intensive liming and mineral fertilisation are the main factors achieving maximum crop yield. However, this farming method had a negative effect on soil quality and nutrient leaching became more intensive. Grassland fertilisation with nitrogen (N) helps plants to assimilate P, K, Ca, Na, but it may increase leaching of nutrients (Niczyporuk & Jankowska, 1995). Nitrate leaching is usually low from grasslands, primarily due to their long growing season compared to arable crops (Korsaeth et.al., 2003). The objective of this research was to determine the effect of liming …

Mechanical Aeration And Liquid Dairy Manure: Application Impacts On Grassland Runoff Water Quality And Yield, T. J. Basden, S. B. Shah, J. L. Miller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wet weather on heavy soils reduces oxygen availability in the root zone and reduces forage yields. Mechanical aeration can improve forage yield in these soil conditions. Research has shown that under certain conditions, mechanical aeration can increase yield by improving drainage and aeration (Davies et al., 1989); aeration can also increase depression, storage and infiltration thus reducing surface runoff and improving nutrient distribution in the root zone. Aeration on sloping, fertilised grassland can provide environmental (Douglas et al., 1995) and agronomic benefits. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the runoff water quality and agronomic impacts of …

The Effect Of Agricultural Practices On A Dairy Farm On Nitrate Leaching To 1m, M. Ryan, K. Mcnamara, D. Noonan, O. T. Carton, Caroline Brophy, John Connolly, E. Houtsma

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Dairy farms, in Ireland, carry the highest stock densities and use the highest rates of fertiliser nitrogen (N). They constitute the highest risk of nitrate leaching, especially where soils are thin or free-draining. The effect of 4 grass managements on leaching was studied on a dairy farm having free-draining soils overlying Karst limestone. This was a new, farm-comprehensive approach to nitrate leaching which had not been carried out previously.

Agro-Ecological Effects Of Sewage Sludge Application To Orchard Grass (Dactylis Glomerata) Fields, G. E. Merzlaya, R. A. Afanasiev, M. E. Shibaeva, I. A. Arkhipchenko

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Municipal sewage sludge can have a great fertilisation effect. However, its application is limited by high amounts of heavy metals, which have adverse effects on soil biota and plants (Ladonin et al., 2002). Our work was aimed at investigating the sludge effect on a soil-plant system.

The Effect Of Steel Industrial Residue-Enriched Soil On The Initial Growth And Heavy Metal Profiles Of Elephantgrass, L. P. Passos, M. F. Saldanha, M. C. Vidigal, J. C. De Crignis, S. Sozzi, F. J. S. Lédo, R. C. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Heavy metal contamination of industrial sites are becoming a matter of growing concern. In spite of the substantial progress in the assessment of the influence of steel industrial plant waste on soil and water (Adamo et al., 2002), studies on the immediate responses of cultivated plants are still scarce. The objective of this experiment was to verify the short-term effects of soil added phosphate mud (P mud) or metallurgical scale (M scale), which are trace element-rich steel industry residues, on the initial uptake and heavy metal profiles of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum)

Effect Of Adding Moraine Soil Or Shell Sand Into Peat Soil On Soil Properties And Grass Yields In Western Norway, L. S. Sognnes, G. Fystro, S. Øpstad

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivation and utilisation of peat soil leads to problems related to its high water content. The problems have become more pronounced with the increasing weight of agricultural machinery and more frequent harvesting. Increased particle density, reduced porosity and decreased potential plant-available water was found after incorporation of sand to peat in experiments conducted in the north of Norway (Sveistrup & Haraldsen, 1995). Peat soil has a weak soil skeleton, low bearing capacity, poor thermal properties and insufficient soil aeration. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of added mineral material to peat soil to improve characteristics important …