Physiology Commons^™

Exploring The Work-Related Quality Of Life Of Athletic Trainers In Physician Practice, N T. Anderson, K E. Games, J P. Young, M J. Rivera, L E. Eberman

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction/Context: The National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) identified the vitality of the athletic training profession as a research priority, which includes exploring solutions to improve work-life balance. There is a common perception that athletic trainers (AT) working in the physician practice setting have lower work-life conflict and increased job satisfaction, but no data to support this belief. Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) has been studied in some healthcare settings but has not been studied in any athletic training clinical practice setting. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the WRQoL of athletic trainers in physician practice. Methods: A …

How Do Athletic Trainers Impact Patient Health Literacy?: A Critically Appraised Topic, T Bouchard

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Introduction/Context: Health Literacy is defined as “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.” An estimated 80 million Americans are estimated to have low levels of health literacy. Low health literacy has been linked to poor patient outcomes and decreased usage of health services. Athletic trainers are multiskilled medical professionals recognized by the American Medical Association, trained in, among other things, wellness promotion and education, injury prevention and rehabilitation, and primary care. Although athletic trainers have traditionally been employed in collegiate/elite sports, many are …

Disorganization Of Actin Within The Shafts Of Stereocilia Is A Key Difference Between Temporary And Permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (Nihl), Shadan Hadi

Theses and Dissertations--Physiology

During sound stimulation, mechanosensory stereocilia of the auditory hair cell pivot around their bases, where their actin cores become denser and form rootlets protruding into the cuticular plate. It is believed that actin-based cuticular plate provides a stable mechanical support for stereocilia, while rootles are responsible for their pivotal flexibility and life-long resilience to mechanical stimuli. Not surprisingly, damage to the stereocilia bundles is known as a hallmark of permanent noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Yet, despite decades of NIHL studies, it is still unknown which ultrastructural changes in the stereocilia bundles are evoked directly by mechanical overstimulation.

Here, we explored …

Cyp6g2 Is The Major P450 Epoxidase Responsible For Juvenile Hormone Biosynthesis In Drosophila Melanogaster, Qiangqiang Jia, Liu Yang, Jiamin Wen, Suning Liu, Di Wen, Wei Luo, Weihua Wang, Subba R. Palli, Li Sheng

Entomology Faculty Publications

Background Juvenile hormones (JH) play crucial role in regulating development and reproduction in insects. The most common form of JH is JH III, derived from MF through epoxidation by CYP15 enzymes. However, in the higher dipterans, such as the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, a bis-epoxide form of JHB3, accounted most of the JH detected. Moreover, these higher dipterans have lost the CYP15 gene from their genomes. As a result, the identity of the P450 epoxidase in the JH biosynthesis pathway in higher dipterans remains unknown.

Results In this study, we show that Cyp6g2 serves as the major JH epoxidase responsible for …

The Mechanoreceptor Piezo Is Required For Spermatogenesis In Bombyx Mori, Zhongjie Zhang, Xiaojing Liu, Bo Hu, Kai Chen, Ye Yu, Chenxin Sun, Dalin Zhu, Hua Bai, Subba Reddy Palli, Anjiang Tan

Entomology Faculty Publications

Background The animal sperm shows high diversity in morphology, components, and motility. In the lepidopteran model insect, the silkworm Bombyx mori, two types of sperm, including nucleate fertile eupyrene sperm and anucleate unfertile apyrene sperm, are generated. Apyrene sperm assists fertilization by facilitating the migration of eupyrene spermatozoa from the bursa copulatrix to the spermatheca. During spermatogenesis, eupyrene sperm bundles extrude the cytoplasm by peristaltic squeezing, while the nuclei of the apyrene sperm bundles are discarded with the same process, forming matured sperm.

Results In this study, we describe that a mechanoreceptor BmPiezo, the sole Piezo ortholog in B. mori, …

Acute Gastrointestinal Permeability After Traumatic Brain Injury In Mice Precedes A Bloom In Akkermansia Muciniphila Supported By Intestinal Hypoxia, Anthony J. Desana, Steven Estus, Terrence A. Barrett, Kathryn E. Saatman

Physiology Faculty Publications

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases gastrointestinal morbidity and associated mortality. Clinical and preclinical studies implicate gut dysbiosis as a consequence of TBI and an amplifier of brain damage. However, little is known about the association of gut dysbiosis with structural and functional changes of the gastrointestinal tract after an isolated TBI. To assess gastrointestinal dysfunction, mice received a controlled cortical impact or sham brain injury and intestinal permeability was assessed at 4 h, 8 h, 1 d, and 3 d after injury by oral administration of 4 kDa FITC Dextran prior to euthanasia. Quantification of serum fluorescence revealed an acute, …

Changes In Flanker Task Performance Following High-Intensity Exercise In Endurance Athletes, Felix E. Cottet-Puinel

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Executive function performance following acute aerobic exercise can be influenced by multiple variables. However, little is known about the lasting effects of these exercise-induced changes. This study aimed to determine the extent to which exercise intensity impacts executive function. 14 young endurance-trained adults (5 female, 9 male) performed an Eriksen flanker task before and immediately after running high-intensity until failure and isochronal moderate-intensity (~12 min). Pre- to post-exercise-induced changes in reaction time (ms), accuracy (%), and self-reported mental effort (1-9 rating) were analyzed by overall tasks and through tasks subsections. Results showed improvement in reaction time following high- and moderate-intensity …

The Physiological And Behavioral Effects Of A Centrally Administered Oxytocin Receptor Antagonist On Maternal Buffering In Infant Guinea Pigs, Kendra A. Carter

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates the role of endogenous oxytocin (OT) in maternal buffering of infant stress responses in guinea pigs. Infants received intracerebroventricular infusion of an oxytocin receptor antagonist (OTA) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) immediately before being placed with the mother in a novel environment for 60 minutes. Blood cortisol levels and behavioral responses, including vocalizations and crouching, were measured throughout the testing period. Results indicate only a significant effect of time, with cortisol levels increasing with time spent in the novel environment. Otherwise, no significant differences were observed either physiologically or behaviorally between aCSF and OTA conditions. This study …

A Comparison Of Muscle Function Between Female And Male Mice With A Deletion To The Pevk Region Of Titin, Amelia Adsen

Scripps Senior Theses

Titin, the third most abundant filament in muscle, serves many roles. It underlies muscle stiffness and functions as a signaling hub particularly during muscular growth. The PEVK region of titin contributes to muscle stiffness and is suspected to play a role in hypertrophic signaling. Most skeletal muscle studies have only used males, leaving a need to include females and investigate muscle physiology sex differences. To investigate sex differences in these functions, soleus muscles from mice with a deletion to the PEVK region (Ttn^∆112-158) and wild type (WT) mice around 100 days old were extracted and attached to an …

Female Titin Mutant Mice Outperform Young And Old Males, Reese Ger

Scripps Senior Theses

Exercise performance is widely believed to generally be maximal among young males. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the impact of sex or age on muscle performance. This study investigated the effects of sex and age on forelimb and all limb grip strength performance in wildtype and titin mutant mice. Titin is the largest known protein, with known involvement in muscle function. The mice in this study were Ttn∆112-158 with a 75% deletion to the PEVK region of titin. Based on limited existing research, we hypothesized that wildtype mice would outperform all Ttn∆112-158 mice, males would outperform females …

Robust Phylogenetic Regression, Richard Adams, Zoe Cain, Raquel Assis, Michael Degiorgio

Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Modern comparative biology owes much to phylogenetic regression. At its conception, this technique sparked a revolution that armed biologists with phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) for disentangling evolutionary correlations from those arising from hierarchical phylogenetic relationships. Over the past few decades, the phylogenetic regression framework has become a paradigm of modern comparative biology that has been widely embraced as a remedy for shared ancestry. However, recent evidence has shown doubt over the efficacy of phylogenetic regression, and PCMs more generally, with the suggestion that many of these methods fail to provide an adequate defense against unreplicated evolution—the primary justification for using …

The Cardiorespiratory Differences Between Physically Trained Vs Untrained Collegiate Competitive Riffle Athletes, Jakob Rankin

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This research study will examine the differences in cardiorespiratory response of trained vs untrained physically active collegiate athletes participating in the sport of Competitive Rifle. The goal of this study is to determine how the heart and lungs respond from participation in Competitive Rifle with division one collegiate and intercollegiate club athletes. If successful, this study will help to determine a correlation of athletic performance in the sport of Competitive Rifle and structured physical training. We will also compare the results of males vs females within both division one and club athletes. The final output of this project is to …

Crayfish Tube-Feeding Methodology, Phoenix Johnson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this paper was to use a tube feeding method on crayfish to expose them to substances through ingestion rather than the gill. This was done to mimic human ingestion of substance to aid in crayfish research involving substances that are normally ingestion. This was done by using a pipette to inject grains of sand into the mouth of the crayfish. To determine if the method worked and successfully went into the stomach the grains of sand were recovered and counted under a microscope after certain increments of time post injection.

Impact Of Cannabidol (Cbd) On Daphnia Magna Heart Rate, Joanna Ross

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In 2023, Ohio legalized recreational cannabis use for adults over 21; however, research on the physiological effectsof cannabis-derived compounds, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), remains limited due to i ts narcotics classification.While CBD is known to antagonize Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1), a receptor found in the cardiac tissue of a numberof organisms, the effects on cardiac activity are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the impact ofCBD on heart rate in Daphnia magna. The hypothesis posited that CBD would increase heart rate in Daphnia byantagonizing CB1 receptors or equivalent G-protein-coupled receptors. The subjects were exposed to threetreatments: control (dechlorinated water), …

Lung Transplant Technology, Lana Tso

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Lung disease is a significant medical problem. Numerous individuals including infants, children, and adults of all ages can all be affected. Because of this, medical research has been heavily invested in advancing technology and finding solutions for what can be the most effective way to perform lung transplants. This literature review will be focusing on what is currently known about the process of lung transplants as well as future directions for research in this area.

Benzene Exposure In Reproductive Biology: A Comprehensive Analysis Of Placental Response And Molecular Mechanisms In Trophoblast Function, Anthony Maxwell

Wayne State University Dissertations

The increase in environmental challenges and exposure to pollutants like benzene poses pressing concerns for reproductive health. This dissertation investigates the impact of benzene exposure during gestation on placental function, a key determinant for fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. Our work establishes that benzene exposure during pregnancy induces maternal immune activation, leading to increased rates of fetal resorptions, compromised fetal growth, and abnormal placental development. Intriguingly, we identify a sexual dimorphic response in male and female placentas to benzene exposure, attributable to inherent differences between male and female placental biology. On a molecular level, benzene is metabolized into hydroquinone in …

Evaluating The Potential Of Using Eeg To Monitor Cognitive Workload In Simulated Suborbital Flight, Erik Seedhouse

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Mental workload can be assessed using electrophysiological measures of brain activity, such as electroencephalography (EEG). EEG signals reveal cortical electrical activity. This cortical activity was recorded using specialized headsets. The focus of this research was to study cognitive performance (CP) in four pilots during simulated suborbital flights under nominal day and night profiles and under contingency day and night profiles. A 14-channel EMOTIV EEG headset measured the participants' brain activity while they flew simulated flights in a Suborbital Spaceflight Simulator (SSFS). Several sessions of EEG data were recorded from each subject, and feature extraction was applied. Data revealed that real-time …

The Organophosphate Malathion Underlies Locomotor Performance Changes And Motoneuron Morphological Alterations In Sprague Dawley Rats, Kaitlyn Marie Miller

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Organophosphates are known neurotoxicants; however, they remain in use as flame retardants and are heavily used as pesticides. Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide commonly used in the United States since 1956. Despite known neurobehavioral impacts, there is little data available as to how repeated, occupational like, malathion exposures impact locomotion and the structure of motoneurons. We hypothesized that low-level repeated exposure to malathion would result in motor function deficits with anatomical alterations in the alpha-motoneurons (MN) consistent with neurodegeneration. Also, we hypothesized that galantamine would be neuroprotective against the effects of malathion. To test our hypothesis, we exposed male and …

Navigating Asynchronous Online Learning: The Impacts Of Active Learning And Assigned Group Work On Student Motivation, Belonging, And Inclusion, Shea Elisabeth Carr

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Motivation, belonging, and inclusion are all critical factors for student success but can be difficult to support in asynchronous online courses. Active learning and required group work have been shown to increase student motivation in in-person and synchronous online courses, but little is known about their impact in online asynchronous settings. This dissertation aimed to 1) evaluate the effect of active learning on student motivation in an online asynchronous setting and 2) evaluate the impact of assigned group work on student motivation and perceptions of belonging and inclusion within the context of an online, asynchronous physiology laboratory course. It was …

Mechanisms Of Γδ T Cell Accumulation In Visceral Adipose Tissue With Aging, Sujata Mukherjee, Maria E. C. Bruno, Jason Oakes, Gregory S. Hawk, Arnold Stromberg, Donald A. Cohen, Marlene E. Starr

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

γδ T cells are resident in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) where they show an age- associated increase in numbers and contribute to local and systemic chronic inflammation. However, regulation of this population and mechanisms for the age-dependent accumulation are not known. In this study, we identified a progressive trend of γδ T cell accumulation in VAT over the lifespan in mice and explored physiological mechanisms contributing to accumulation. Using isochronic parabiotic pairs of wild-type (WT) and T cell receptor delta knockout (TCRδ KO) mice at young and old age, we confirmed that VAT γδ T cells are predominately a tissue-resident …