Omecamtiv Mecarbil Enhances The Duty Ratio Of Human Β-Cardiac Myosin Resulting In Increased Calcium Sensitivity And Slowed Force Development In Cardiac Muscle,
2017
Pennsylvania State University
Omecamtiv Mecarbil Enhances The Duty Ratio Of Human Β-Cardiac Myosin Resulting In Increased Calcium Sensitivity And Slowed Force Development In Cardiac Muscle, Anja M. Swenson, Wanjian Tang, Cheavar A. Blair, Christopher M. Fetrow, William C. Unrath, Michael J. Previs, Kenneth S. Campbell, Christopher M. Yengo
Physiology Faculty Publications
The small molecule drug omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) specifically targets cardiac muscle myosin and is known to enhance cardiac muscle performance, yet its impact on human cardiac myosin motor function is unclear. We expressed and purified human β-cardiac myosin subfragment 1 (M2β-S1) containing a C-terminal Avi tag. We demonstrate that the maximum actin-activated ATPase activity of M2β-S1 is slowed more than 4-fold in the presence of OM, whereas the actin concentration required for half-maximal ATPase was reduced dramatically (30-fold). We find OM does not change the overall actin affinity. Transient kinetic experiments suggest that there are …
Fröhlich Effect And Delays Of Visual Attention,
2017
Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception
Fröhlich Effect And Delays Of Visual Attention, Nika Adamian, Patrick Cavanagh
Dartmouth Scholarship
In the Fröhlich effect, the initial position of an object that suddenly appears in motion is perceived as being shifted in the direction of its motion. Here we establish that this shift is not an obligatory consequence of motion, but it is driven by focused attention. In Experiment 1 using different cueing conditions, we found that invalid cues produced larger perceptual shifts, although the Fröhlich effect was still present for valid and neutral cues. These results support Müsseler and Aschersleben's (1998) proposal that the Fröhlich effect is the result of the time it takes to shift focal attention to the …
Diaphragm Abnormalities In Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure: Nadph Oxidase Upregulation And Protein Oxidation,
2017
University of Florida
Diaphragm Abnormalities In Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure: Nadph Oxidase Upregulation And Protein Oxidation, Bumsoo Ahn, Philip D. Coblentz, Adam W. Beharry, Nikhil Patel, Andrew R. Judge, Jennifer S. Moylan, Charles W. Hoopes, Mark R. Bonnell, Leonardo F. Ferreira
Physiology Faculty Publications
Patients with heart failure (HF) have diaphragm abnormalities that contribute to disease morbidity and mortality. Studies in animals suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause diaphragm abnormalities in HF. However, the effects of HF on ROS sources, antioxidant enzymes, and protein oxidation in the diaphragm of humans is unknown. NAD(P)H oxidase, especially the Nox2 isoform, is an important source of ROS in the diaphragm. Our main hypothesis was that diaphragm from patients with HF have heightened Nox2 expression and p47phox phosphorylation (marker of enzyme activation) that is associated with elevated protein oxidation. We collected diaphragm biopsies from patients with …
Modulating Beta-Cardiac Myosin Function At The Molecular And Tissue Levels,
2017
Pennsylvania State University
Modulating Beta-Cardiac Myosin Function At The Molecular And Tissue Levels, Wanjian Tang, Cheavar A. Blair, Shane D. Walton, András Málnási-Csizmadia, Kenneth S. Campbell, Christopher M. Yengo
Physiology Faculty Publications
Inherited cardiomyopathies are a common form of heart disease that are caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins with beta cardiac myosin (MYH7) being one of the most frequently affected genes. Since the discovery of the first cardiomyopathy associated mutation in beta-cardiac myosin, a major goal has been to correlate the in vitro myosin motor properties with the contractile performance of cardiac muscle. There has been substantial progress in developing assays to measure the force and velocity properties of purified cardiac muscle myosin but it is still challenging to correlate results from molecular and tissue-level experiments. Mutations that cause …
Genome Editing Of Wnt-1, A Gene Associated With Segmentation, Via Crispr/Cas9 In The Pine Caterpillar Moth, Dendrolimus Punctatus,
2017
State Forestry Administration, China
Genome Editing Of Wnt-1, A Gene Associated With Segmentation, Via Crispr/Cas9 In The Pine Caterpillar Moth, Dendrolimus Punctatus, Huihui Liu, Qun Liu, Xuguo Zhou, Yongping Huang, Zhen Zhang
Entomology Faculty Publications
The pine caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus punctatus, is a devastating forest pest. Genetic manipulation of this insect pest is limited due to the lack of genomic and functional genomic toolsets. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been demonstrated to be a promising approach to modify the genome. To investigate gene functions during the embryogenesis, we introduced CRISPR/Cas9 system in D. punctatus to precisely and effectively manipulate gene expressions inmutant embryos. Compared to controls, knocking out of DpWnt-1, a gene well known for its role in the early body planning, led to high embryonic mortality. Among these mutants, 32.9% of the embryos …
Predictive Screening Of M1 And M2 Macrophages Reveals The Immunomodulatory Effectiveness Of Post Spinal Cord Injury Azithromycin Treatment,
2017
University of Kentucky
Predictive Screening Of M1 And M2 Macrophages Reveals The Immunomodulatory Effectiveness Of Post Spinal Cord Injury Azithromycin Treatment, John C. Gensel, Timothy J. Kopper, Bei Zhang, Michael B. Orr, William M. Bailey
Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center Faculty Publications
Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a heterogeneous macrophage response that when experimentally polarized toward alternative forms of activation (M2 macrophages) promotes tissue and functional recovery. There are limited pharmacological therapies that can drive this reparative inflammatory state. In the current study, we used in vitrosystems to comprehensively defined markers of macrophages with known pathological (M1) and reparative (M2) properties in SCI. We then used these markers to objectively define the macrophage activation states after SCI in response to delayed azithromycin treatment. Mice were subjected to moderate-severe thoracic contusion SCI. Azithromycin or vehicle was administered beginning 30 minutes post-SCI and …
Eccentric Resistance Training In Adults With And Without Spinal Cord Injuries,
2017
Middle Tennessee State University
Eccentric Resistance Training In Adults With And Without Spinal Cord Injuries, Whitley J. Stone, Sandra L. Stevens, Dana K. Fuller, Jennifer L. Caputo
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 154-165, 2017 The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of active lower body eccentric resistance training (ERT) in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) and controls (CON). Specifically, the study was designed to determine if those with iSCI adapt similarly to ERT as CON participants as well as the overall safety and efficacy of ERT in this population. This pilot investigation involved the recruitment of persons with iSCI (n = 3) and age- and sex-matched able-bodied CON (n = 3). The 8-week intervention focused on building lower extremity …
The Accuracy Of Pedometers In Measuring Walking Steps On A Treadmill In College Students,
2017
Nebraska Wesleyan University
The Accuracy Of Pedometers In Measuring Walking Steps On A Treadmill In College Students, Hannah M. Husted, Tamra Llewellyn
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 146-153, 2017. Pedometers are a popular way for people to track if they have reached the recommended 10,000 daily steps. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of four brands of pedometers at measuring steps, and to determine if a relationship exists between pedometer cost and accuracy. The hypothesis was that the more expensive brands of pedometers (the Fitbit Charge™ and Omron HJ-303™) would yield more accurate step counts than less expensive brands (the SmartHealth – Walking FIT™ and Sportline™). While wearing all pedometers at once, one male and eleven …
The Effect Of High Intensity Interval Run Training On Cross Sectional Area Of The Vastus Lateralis In Untrained College Students,
2017
Taylor University
The Effect Of High Intensity Interval Run Training On Cross Sectional Area Of The Vastus Lateralis In Untrained College Students, Rebekah Estes, David Thrush, Amy Malinowski, Meredith Piacentini, Eric Salley, Cassidy Losey, Erik Hayes
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 137-145, 2017 Aerobic cycling has been repeatedly shown to induce hypertrophy in skeletal muscle across a variety of populations, while there has been a lack of investigation into the impact of running upon hypertrophy. An increasingly popular model of aerobic exercise is high-intensity interval training (HIIT); in addition to its positive impact upon cardiovascular health, HIIT may be sufficient for inducing significant muscular hypertrophy. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of a high-intensity interval running protocol upon hypertrophy of the vastus lateralis in an untrained, young population. Twelve recreationally …
Effects Of Simulated Altitude On Maximal Oxygen Uptake And Inspiratory Fitness,
2017
Indiana Wesleyan University
Effects Of Simulated Altitude On Maximal Oxygen Uptake And Inspiratory Fitness, Nicole Biggs, Benjamin England, Nicole Turcotte, Melissa R. Cook, Alyne L. Williams
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 128-136, 2017 Aerobic exercise at altitude has shown an increase in maximal oxygen uptake. Similar effects have been replicated by way of simulated altitude training, which have influenced various advances in the field of exercise science. Elevation Training Masks© (ETM) claim to stimulate cardiorespiratory fitness improvements similar to training at altitude, however, there is little research to support this claim. The purpose of this study was to research the effect that a hypoxia-inducing mask would have on cardiorespiratory fitness and pulmonary function through the use of a high intensity interval training (HIIT) running program. …
Meeting Usdhhs Physical Activity Guidelines And Health Outcomes,
2017
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Meeting Usdhhs Physical Activity Guidelines And Health Outcomes, E. Earlynn Lauer, Allen W. Jackson, Scott B. Martin, James R. Morrow Jr.
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 121-127, 2017 Current public health physical activity (PA) guidelines suggest ≥500 METmin/week of PA, with additional benefits beyond 1000 METmin/week (i.e., a dose response). Revised U.S. PA guidelines are scheduled for 2018. The purpose was to relate health markers (blood pressure, percent fat, BMI, blood glucose, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness) to verify the dose response for PA guidelines revision. 505 non-smoking participants self-reported PA behaviors and completed medical screening. MANCOVA controlling for age and gender determined the relation between health markers and PA. MANCOVA indicated significantly (P<.001) different health markers of percent fat, BMI, glucose, and treadmill time as a function of PA. Post-hoc Helmert contrasts (1] <500 METmin/week vs. ≥500 METmin/week and 2] 500 to <1000 METmin/week vs. ≥1000 METmin/week) indicated that meeting the PA guidelines was associated with better health markers and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. Effect sizes were greater for contrast 1 than for contrast 2, suggesting a plateauing effect. Revised public health guidelines should consider achievement of ≥500 METmin/week to be most important, with additional modest gain thereafter. Revised PA guidelines should stress the importance of achieving 500-1000 METmin/week.
Acute Effects Of 24-H Sleep Deprivation On Salivary Cortisol And Testosterone Concentrations And Testosterone To Cortisol Ratio Following Supplementation With Caffeine Or Placebo,
2017
Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Acute Effects Of 24-H Sleep Deprivation On Salivary Cortisol And Testosterone Concentrations And Testosterone To Cortisol Ratio Following Supplementation With Caffeine Or Placebo, Ciaran K. Mc Donald, Joss Moore, Alan Mc Intyre, Kevin Carmody, Bernard Donne
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 108-120, 2017. Caffeine has become a popular ergogenic aid amongst athletes and usage to improve athletic performance has been well documented. The effect of caffeine on anabolic and catabolic hormones in a sleep-deprived state has had little investigation to date. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the potential of caffeine to offset the effects, if any, of short-term sleep deprivation and exercise on an athlete’s testosterone and cortisol concentrations via salivary technique. Eleven competitive male athletes volunteered to be part of this prospective double-blinded study. Three test days were scheduled for …
The Effects Of A 10-Day Altitude Training Camp At 1828 Meters On Varsity Cross-Country Runners,
2017
Lakehead University
The Effects Of A 10-Day Altitude Training Camp At 1828 Meters On Varsity Cross-Country Runners, Sebastian R. Diebel, Ian Newhouse, David S. Thompson, Vineet Bk Johnson
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 97-107, 2017. Altitude training has been shown to alter blood lactate (BL) levels due to alterations resulting from acclimatization. This study aims to estimate the impact of altitude training on BL changes immediately following an incremental treadmill test and during recovery before and after 10-day altitude training at approximately 1828 meters. Eight varsity cross-country runners performed an incremental treadmill test (ITT), pre and post-altitude training. Resting and post-warm-up BL values were recorded. During ITT, heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), and time to exhaustion were monitored. BL was also measured post-ITT at 0, 2, …
Validity Of The Bottle Buoyancy Model For Body Fat Determination,
2017
Minnesota State University - Mankato
Validity Of The Bottle Buoyancy Model For Body Fat Determination, Cherie Pettitt, Kalvin Danzl, Lauren M. Glorvigen, Cody J. Strom, Thomas A. Inkrott, Robert W. Pettitt
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 87-96, 2017. We investigated a modification of the bottle buoyancy (BB) method in comparison to single frequency, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) as a valid noninvasive method of percent body fat (%BF) determination. Twenty-eight participants (15 men, 13 women), in counterbalanced-order, completed the BB, BIA, and computerized hydrostatic densitometry (HD) methods. We elected to modify the BB method using a 12.15 L container with participants hugging the container in an upright position. Consistency measures of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), typical error (TE), coefficient of variation (CV) and total error of measurement (TEM) are reported. Our …
Borg Scale Is Valid For Ratings Of Perceived Exertion For Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease,
2017
Kent State University
Borg Scale Is Valid For Ratings Of Perceived Exertion For Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Amanda Penko
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 76-86, 2017. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that has traditionally been treated with anti-parkinsonian medication. There is increasing evidence that exercise is beneficial to those with PD, therefore, it is necessary to validate a measure of exertion that can be implemented across exercise settings that may not have the capability to actively monitor heart rate. The aim of this project was to determine the validity of the Borg RPE scale in individuals with PD undergoing a maximal progressive cycling exercise test. Thirty-eight males and females (58.5 ± 8.1 yrs) with a clinical diagnosis …
Assessing Energy Level As A Marker Of Aerobic Exercise Readiness: A Pilot Investigation,
2017
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Assessing Energy Level As A Marker Of Aerobic Exercise Readiness: A Pilot Investigation, Kelley Strohacker, William R. Boyer, Kayla N. Smitherman, Emily Cornelius, Daniel Fazzino
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 62-75, 2017. Energy ratings have been used as a marker of exercise readiness (i.e. pre-exercise physical/mental state indicating ability to perform) within flexible nonlinear periodization (FNLP)-based resistance training interventions. However, empirical data is lacking regarding the utility of this approach for aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of pre-exercise energy level to predict affective and behavioral responses to prescribed aerobic exercise. Participants consisted of 19 women and 8 men (N=27, age=20±4 years, estimated maximal oxygen uptake=37±6). Participants performed two 30-min bouts of treadmill exercise under an imposed moderate …
The Acute Effects Of Static Stretching Compared To Dynamic Stretching With And Without An Active Warm Up On Anaerobic Performance,
2017
Wayne State University
The Acute Effects Of Static Stretching Compared To Dynamic Stretching With And Without An Active Warm Up On Anaerobic Performance, Bradley J. Kendall
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 53-61, 2017. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) has been used in many studies to determine anaerobic performance. However, there has been poor reporting of warm-up protocols and limited consistency between warm-up methods that have been used. With the WAnT being such a commonly-used test, consistency in warm-up methods is essential in order to compare results across studies. Therefore, this study was designed to compare how static stretching, dynamic stretching, and an active warm-up affect WAnT performance. Ten recreationally active participants (5 males, 5 females) with a mean (SD) age of 23.3 (0.7) volunteered for …
The Relationship Between Sports Specialization And Mental Toughness,
2017
Des Moines University
The Relationship Between Sports Specialization And Mental Toughness, Courtney Buhrow, Jacob Digmann, Jennifer J. Waldron
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 44-52, 2017. The pros and cons of early sport specialization compared to diversification have been examined in many research studies. The purpose of this study was to determine (a) the relationship between mental toughness and age of specialization in sport, and (b) differences in mental toughness based on early specialization of sport and gender. College athletes (N = 102) completed surveys about specialization and mental toughness, including MeBTough. The mean age of specialization was 13.45 (± 4.47). Results showed no significant difference in mental toughness of those who specialized early and those who did …
The Effects Of An Elevation Training Mask On Vo2max Of Male Reserve Officers Training Corps Cadets,
2017
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
The Effects Of An Elevation Training Mask On Vo2max Of Male Reserve Officers Training Corps Cadets, Brian G. Warren, Frank Spaniol, Randy Bonnette
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 37-43, 2017. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an elevation training mask (ETM) on the VO2max of male Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) cadets. Fourteen male ROTC cadets (age 20.00 ± 1.8 yrs, height 174.35 cm ± 3.1 cm, weight 76.75 kg ± 11.09 kg, body fat 13.88% ± 4.62%) participated in this study to determine if an ETM would cause a significant increase VO2max. After the familiarization period, the test subjects were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group, respectively. The training period lasted seven weeks …
The Effect Of Military Load Carriage On Postural Sway, Forward Trunk Lean, And Pelvic Girdle Motion,
2017
Auburn University
The Effect Of Military Load Carriage On Postural Sway, Forward Trunk Lean, And Pelvic Girdle Motion, Eileen M. Strube, Andrea Sumner, Roger O. Kollock Jr, Kenneth E. Games, Marie A. Lackamp, Masahiro Mizutani, Joellen M. Sefton
International Journal of Exercise Science
International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 25-36, 2017. Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence in military service members. It is believed that the load carried by the service member impedes stability and alters back and pelvis kinematics, increasing their susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries, specifically in the lower extremities. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different loads on postural sway, forward trunk lean, and pelvic girdle motion in United States Army Cadets. Twenty male Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Cadets participated in this study. Each participant performed the Modified Clinical Testing of Sensory Interaction (mCTSIB) …
