Exercise Physiology Commons^™

Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity Is Unaltered In Elite Swimmers After Restricted Breathing Training., Benjamin Todd Ogle 1990-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Controlled frequency breath (CFB) holding is a swim training modality that involves holding one’s breath for ~12 strokes before taking another breath. We looked to examine the effects of CFB training on pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) and carbon monoxide (DLCO). Elite swimmers (n = 25) were divided into either the CFB or a group that breathed regularly, every ~3rd stroke. The training intervention included 16 sessions of 12 x 50-m repetitions with either breathing pattern. Approximately 60% of the males and ~20% of the females were above the upper limits of normal for diffusing capacity at baseline. …

Outline Plan For A Student-Involved Fitness Assessment Program At Western Michigan University, Joanna Gangwisch

Honors Theses

This research was aimed at developing a fitness assessment program that would provide undergraduate exercise science students at Western Michigan University (WMU) with hands on experience that would successfully prepare them for their internships and future careers as well as benefiting the campus community at large. Data for this research was obtained by examining the student recreation center websites and sending out an email/phone questionnaire to WMU’s 10 peer institutions. Direct comparisons were made and evaluated. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that WMU’s exercise science department and student recreation center together could …

Is There A Relationship Between Physical Inactivity And Visceral Fat Accumulation In Pregnant Women?, Ashlyn R. Showalter, Danielle Brown

Symposium of Student Scholars

Association of Physical Inactivity with Visceral Fat Accumulation in Pregnant Women

Ashlyn Showalter, Danielle Brown

Introduction: Abdominal obesity is associated with chronic diseases such as obesity and coronary artery disease (1). Abdominal (or visceral) fat is strongly correlated with an inactive and sedentary lifestyle. Recent research shows that pregnancy is associated with high levels of visceral fat beyond appropriate levels; however, no studies have linked them with physical inactivity. Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical inactivity and high visceral fat accumulation in pregnancy.

Methods:

•We recruited eleven pregnant women who are currently in …

Exercise In Individuals With Down Syndrome: A Brief Review, Rachel L. Kerstiens, Matt Green

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 192-201, 2015. Research examining acute and long-term responses to exercise of individuals with Downs Syndrome (DS) is sparse. However, if this group experiences benefits associated with improved quantity or quality of life, it would be important to elucidate specific responses and discourage adoption of a sedentary lifestyle in individuals with DS. Specifically, these individuals have multiple blunted physiological responses to exercise both at the onset and termination of an acute exercise bout. Mechanistically, this could be rooted in hormonal responses which are blunted, in comparison to non-DS participants. Specific studies indicate individuals with …

Children In Organized Hockey: How Much Physical Activity Do They Really Get?, Carla Van Den Berg, Angela M. Kolen

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 184-191, 2015. For optimal physical and mental health and child growth, development and maturation, the Canadian physical activity guidelines recommend children participate in minimally 60 minutes of moderate intense physical activity each day. It is often believed that children’s participation in sport provides sufficient physical activity to meet these recommendations. The purpose of this study was to measure the amount and intensity of physical activity obtained by children participating in a regularly scheduled ice hockey practice and game. Actigraph GT3X triaxial accelerometers (motion detectors) were used to determine the intensity and amount of physical …

Health-Related Fitness And Energy Expenditure In Recreational Youth Rock Climbers 8-16 Years Of Age, Shannon R. Siegel, Jacob M. Robinson, Sean A. Johnston, Martin R. Lindley, Karin A. Pfeiffer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 174-183, 2015. Information on the characteristics of youth rock climbers is minimal. The purpose was to 1) Determine the influence of a three-month program of bouldering and vertical rock climbing on the anthropometry and health-related physical fitness of relatively novice youth climbers, and 2) determine whether rock climbing and bouldering in novice youth climbers can provide adequate levels of moderate to vigourous physical activity (US DHHS, 2008). Fifteen participants (11 males and 4 females; mean age = 11.5 ± 2.3 years) from a newly established youth climbing team were assessed twice weekly during their …

Greater Physiological Responses While Playing Xbox Kinect Compared To Nintendo Wii, Derek W. Marks, Lauren Rispen, Gabriel Calara

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 164-173, 2015. Increasing popularity of active video game use as a mode of physical activity prompted this investigation into the physiological differences to playing the Nintendo Wii^TM and XBox Kinect^TM. Differences in motion capture technology between these systems suggests that using one may result in different movement patterns, and therefore physiological responses, than the other. The purpose of this study was to compare the average (10 minute) and peak heart rate (HR, bpm), oxygen consumption (VO₂ mL ^. kg^{-1 .} min^-1), and energy expenditure (EE, kcal …

Bone Turnover Response To Acute Exercise With Varying Impact Levels: A Preliminary Investigation, Amy L. Morgan, Jennifer Weiss, Edward T. Kelley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 154-163, 2015. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if there are changes in metabolic markers of bone turnover within the 24-hour period following an acute bout of jogging or water exercise. Ten healthy females (22-30 yr.) underwent three trials with different ground impact forces: jogging, water aerobics and control. For the jogging and water aerobics trials, subjects exercised for 30 min at 60-70% of predicted maximal heart rate in addition to a 5 min warm up and cool down. For the control trial, subjects rested for 40 min, i.e., the total …

Implementing A 4 Week Balance Protocol To Impact Quality Of Life In Cancer Patients, Alyssa Bender, Lauren Braun, Kayla Franklin, Megan Kidd, Nicole Rendler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2): 145-153, 2015. As a result of various cancer treatments, balance, fall risk, and quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors are often negatively compromised. There has been no prior research conducted examining balance ability and its association with QOL in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether improved balance will positively influence QOL. Eight female cancer patients (age 55.8 ± 11.8 yrs.) volunteered for an experimental group, and five sex-matched cancer patients (age 64.5 ± 4.6 yrs.) volunteered for a control group. A 4-week balance program, employed twice per week …

A Comparison Of Aquatic- Vs. Land-Based Plyometrics On Various Performance Variables, Mallory S. Kobak, Michael J. Rebold, Renee Desalvo, Ronald Otterstetter

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2) : 134-144, 2015. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an aquatic- (W) and land-based (L) plyometric program on balance, vertical jump height, and isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength. Thirty-four participants were randomized into three groups, W (n = 12), L (n = 11), and control (n = 11). The W and L groups completed an eight-week plyometric program. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of condition (F = 346.95, p < 0.001) and interaction between condition by time (F = 1.88, p = 0.01). Paired samples t-tests revealed statistically significant improvements from …

The Effects Of High Intensity Interval-Based Kettlebells And Battle Rope Training On Grip Strength And Body Composition In College-Aged Adults, Jeffrey Quednow, Tim Sedlak, Joseph Meier, Jeffrey Janot, Saori Braun

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2) : 124-133, 2015. The aim of this current study is to evaluate the changes in body composition and hand grip strength following high intensity interval training (HIIT) utilizing kettlebells and battle ropes. We hypothesize results will show that our HIIT protocol will improve grip strength and body composition. Subjects in the experimental and control group consist of 13 college-aged students (9 females; 4 males). Subjects in both groups complete a pre-test and post-test consisting of height, weight, grip strength via handgrip dynamometers and body composition via skinfold calipers. The experimental group completes a 5-week …

Activity Profile Differences Between Sub-Elite Futsal Teams, Sera Dogramaci, Mark Watsford, Aron Murphy

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2) : 112-123, 2015. Whilst there are a range of studies examining the differences in match demands between levels of competition, there is an absence of the analysis these differences between teams within the same level of competition. The study used notational analysis to identify performance indicators that differentiated between sub-elite futsal teams from Brazil, Spain and Australia during regular season matches. Based on world rankings, Spanish and Brazilian futsal was deemed to be superior to Australian futsal. The Australian players spent a significantly greater time engaged in high intensity activity than the Spanish players …

Effects Of A Smart-Phone Application On Psychological, Physiological, And Performance Variables In College-Aged Individuals While Running, Martin J. Moran, John M. Coons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2) : 104-111, 2015. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of auditory exergaming through the use of a smart-phone app called Zombies, Run! on psychological, physiological, and performance variables in college-aged individuals while running. Participants included both males (n = 10) and females (n = 10). Participants ran three 15 minute trials, after which they completed motivational questionnaires regarding inspiration, enjoyment, confidence, and anxiety levels. The first run got the participants accustomed to the application. The second and third were randomly counterbalanced either using the application again or running with no …

Co-Ingestion Of Carbohydrate With Branched-Chain Amino Acids Or L-Leucine Does Not Preferentially Increase Serum Igf-1 And Expression Of Myogenic-Related Genes In Response To A Single Bout Of Resistance Exercise, Rui Li, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Matthew B. Cooke, Paul La Bounty, Bill Campbell, Mike Greenwood, Darren S. Willoughby, Richard B. Kreider

Nutrition and Food Science Faculty Research Publications

This study determined if the co-ingestion of carbohydrate (CHO) with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or L-leucine (LEU) preferentially affected serum IGF-1 and the expression of myogenic-related genes in response to resistance exercise (RE). Forty one, college-age males were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: CHO, CHO-BCAA, CHO-LEU, or placebo (PLC). Resistance exercise consisted of 4 sets of leg press and leg extension at 80% 1RM. Supplements were ingested peri-exercise, and venous blood and muscle biopsies were obtained pre-exercise (PRE), and at 30, 120, and 360 min post-exercise. Serum IGF-1 was determined with ELISA, and skeletal muscle mRNA expression of …

Amp-Activated Protein Kinase Controls Exercise Training - And Aicar-Induced Increases In Sirt3 And Mnsod, Josef Brandauer, Marianne A. Andersen, Holti Kellezi, Steve Risis, Christian Frozig, Sara G. Vienberg, Jonas T. Treebak

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

The mitochondrial protein deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT) 3 may mediate exercise training-induced increases in mitochondrial biogenesis and improvements in reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling. We determined the requirement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) for exercise training-induced increases in skeletal muscle abundance of SIRT3 and other mitochondrial proteins. Exercise training for 6.5 weeks increased SIRT3 (p < 0.01) and superoxide dismutase 2 (MnSOD; p < 0.05) protein abundance in quadriceps muscle of wild-type (WT; n = 13–15), but not AMPK α2 kinase dead (KD; n = 12–13) mice. We also observed a strong trend for increased MnSOD abundance in exercise-trained skeletal muscle of healthy humans (p = 0.051; n = 6). To further elucidate a role for …

Reduced Regional Cerebral White Matter Perfusion In Middle-Aged Hispanic Adults, Evan P. Pasha, Takashi Tarumi, Mitzi M. Gonzales, Miriam E. Pearman, Andrean P. Haley, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background: Hispanics are at least 1.5 times more likely at any age past 55 years to have mild cognitive impairment and manifest dementia symptoms 7 years earlier than non-Hispanic Caucasians. Regional cerebral hypoperfusion has been implicated as an initial event in the pathogenesis of dementia. Aim: To compare cerebral perfusion in brain regions known to be susceptible to vascular related hypoperfusion in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Caucasian adults. Methods: Apparently healthy middle-aged Hispanic (n=16) and non-Hispanic Caucasian (n=16) subjects were matched across age, gender, years of education, and cognitive status. Arterial spin labeled perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) estimated cerebral blood …

High-Density Lipoprotein Antioxidant Responses To High-Intensity Interval And Steady-State Moderate-Intensity Exercise, Zacharias Papadakis, Jeffrey S. Forsse, Annie A. Bane, Taylor Kyle, Li Qian, Flor Elisa Morales Marroquín, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) may impart health benefits beyond what is acquired through moderate-intensity steady state exercise (SSE). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), may be altered with exercise; however, it is unclear whether HIIE provides a greater stimulus for increasing PON1 antioxidant activity than a comparable or greater amount of SSE. PURPOSE: Determine the influence of HIIE on PON1 concentration and activity relative to a comparable amount of moderate-intensity SSE and a dose that is half that of SSE. METHODS: Seventeen male participants (age 27.8 + 6.4 yr; weight 80.6 + 9.0 kg; BMI 25.1 …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Markers Of Hepatic Inflammation During Weight-Loss, Andrew Seija, Kaylee E. Poole, Kevin Eck, Matthew Harris, Tayler N. Nick, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a continuum that begins with accumulation of lipid in hepatic cells progressing to hepatic steatosis with inflammation (steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Weight-loss using dietary modification and physical activity are common strategies used for the treatment of NAFLD; however, it remains to be determined the effects of physical activity on hepatic inflammation during weight-loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic role of physical activity on plasma and hepatic inflammatory markers during weight-loss. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low-fat (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high-fat (HFD; 60% kcal fat) diet …

The Effects Of Physical Activity On Hepatic Lipid Metabolism During Weight-Loss, Kaylee Poole, Andrew Seija, Kevin Eck, Matthew Harris, Tayler Nick, Joshua S. Wooten

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops as a result of physical inactivity and overnutrition. Changing dietary behaviors and increasing physical activity are common strategies used for weight-loss; however, it remains unclear what additional benefits are provided by incorporating physical activity in a weight-loss program for the treatment of NAFLD. The purpose of this study was to determine how physical activity reduces hepatic steatosis and changes the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes during weight-loss. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a low-fat (LFD; 10% kcal fat) or high-fat (HFD; 60% kcal fat) diet for 10-weeks. Following 10-weeks, the HFD group was …

Effects Of Fish Oil Supplementation On Post-Resistance Exercise Muscle Soreness In Untrained Females, Grant M. Tinsley, Joshua J. Gann, Stefan R. Huber, Paul M. La Bounty, Rodney G. Bowden, Thomas L. Andre, Paul M. Gordon, Peter W. Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil may help alleviate symptoms of delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and improve recovery from exercise.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of fish oil supplementation on the time-course of post-resistance exercise muscle soreness in young untrained females.

METHODS: Seventeen non-resistance trained females (age 23.6 ± 3.0 y, % fat 27.4 ± 3.2, weight 60.2 ± 9.6 kg) were randomized into one of two groups: fish oil (6 g/d; 5:1 EPA:DHA) or placebo (6 g/d corn/soy oil). After consuming the supplements for one week, participants underwent a single bout of …