Exercise Physiology Commons^™

The Influence Of Respiratory Muscle Training On Exercise Endurance 2013, Justin Vanderbeck

Master's Theses

Exercise endurance in multiple populations has been shown to increase after bouts of respiratory muscle training (RMT) (Bailey, Romer, Kelly, Wilkerson, Dimenna & Jones, 2010; Brown, Sharpe, Graham & Johnson, 2008; Griffiths & McConnell, 2007; Kilding, Brown & McConnell, 2007; Laoutaris et al., 2012; Markov, Spengler, Stuessi, Boutellier & Knöpfli-Lenzin, 2001; Spengler & Boutellier, 2000; Stuessi, Spengler, Knöpfli-Lenzin, Markov & Boutellier, 2001; Volianitis et al., 2000). The use of resistance via respiratory muscle strength training (RMST) has been shown to produce greater increases in endurance than with no resistance, but the method of RMST that produces the greatest increases in …

Resistance Training Behaviors In College-Aged Women 2013, Melanie Kornblatt

Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of women’s training behavior in the weight room. A secondary purpose was to determine what their beliefs and perceptions were in regards to lifting weights. Participants were college-aged females ranging in age from 17-29 years. Observations of weight lifting activities were conducted during peak hours of operation (Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays from 3- 6pm) in the fitness facility. A total of 60 hours of observations were conducted over a period of four weeks. In addition to observations, two focus groups were conducted. Participants were divided into two specific groups: I …

The Role Of Appearance In Perceptions Of Personal Trainers 2013., Patrick R. Boerner

Master's Theses

The field of personal training in the United States is believed to have begun in the late 1970‟s and the early 1980‟s (Brooks, 2004). Today, personal training is a healthy profession that, according to the United States Department of Labor and the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012), is expected to grow 24% (60,400 jobs) between 2010 and 2020. In comparison, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2012) predicts the average growth rate for all occupations within the U.S. to be only 14% during the same ten-year span. Rapid growth within the field of personal training has brought an increased scrutiny on …

The Effects Of Intermittent Isometric Fatigue On Concentric, Eccentric, And Isometric Torque, Robert W. Lewis Jr.

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Fatiguing intermittent isometric (ISO) muscle actions of the leg extensors have been shown to result in a similar percent (%) decline in torque for concentric (CON), eccentric (ECC), and ISO muscle actions. However, the effects of intermittent ISO fatigue of the forearm flexors on CON, ECC, and ISO torque, have not been established. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 50 maximal, intermittent ISO forearm flexion muscle actions on CON, ECC, and ISO torque. Twenty adults (10 men (mean ± SD age = 21.9 ± 2.3 years) and 10 women (mean ± SD age = 22.7 …

A Pilot Study Exploring The Quadratic Nature Of The Relationship Of Strength To Performance Among Shot Putters, Lawrence W. Judge, David Bellar, Ashley Thrasher, Laura Simon, Omar S. Hindawi, Elizabeth Wanless

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 171-179, 2013. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the quadratic nature of the relationship between the strength and throwing distance in the shot put. A survey was sent to throws coaches with Master Coach or USA Track and Field Level III distinction to examine fifty-three collegiate and elite throwers (24 male, 29 female). The coaches reported the thrower’s personal best shot put distance and preseason weight room 1RM for bench press, power clean, and squat exercises. Relationship between distance and 1RM was determined via general linear model polynomial contrast analysis …

Validity Of Borg Ratings Of Perceived Exertion During Active Video Game Play, Brandon S. Pollock, Jacob E. Barkley, Nick Potenzini, Renee M. Desalvo, Stacey L. Buser, Ronald Otterstetter, Judith A. Juvancic-Heltzel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 164-170, 2013. During physically interactive video game play (e.g., Nintendo Wii), users are exposed to potential distracters (e.g., video, music), which may decrease their ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) throughout game play. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the association between RPE scores and heart rate while playing the Nintendo Wii. Healthy adults (N = 13, 53.5 ± 5.4 years old) participated in two exercise sessions using the Nintendo Wii Fit Plus. During each session participants played a five-minute warm-up game (Basic Run), two separate Wii Fit Plus games (Yoga, Strength …

Kinesio Tape® Applied To The Thorax Augments Ventilatory Efficiency During Heavy Exercise, Kindal Malehorn*, Jodi Hiniker*, Theresa Mackey‡, Kristin J. Heumann‡, Steven Ross Murray‡, Robert W. Pettitt‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 157-163, 2013. Kinesio Tape® (KT) is purported to help coordinate involuntary contractions. KT applied to the thorax is believed to enhance breathing during constant-load exercise, but verification is lacking. We had 12 participants complete a graded exercise test to determine gas-exchange threshold (GET), and two, constant-load bouts sufficient in intensity to evoke the VO2 slow component using no tape (NT) or KT applied to the thorax, respectively, in counterbalanced order. Indirect calorimetery measured ventilatory and gas-exchange parameters, and a 3-lead EKG recorded heart rate (HR). A greater expiratory tidal volume (+150 mL·min-1) along …

Stress Reactivity In Humans And Animals: Two Meta-Analyses, Brad Wipfli, Ernesto Ramirez

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 144-156, 2013. Previous meta-analyses examining the effects of exercise on stress reactivity have included methodologically weak studies; we therefore conducted a meta-analysis utilizing more stringent inclusion criteria. An analysis of 33 randomized controlled trials involving humans (N = 1,252) revealed a moderate effect (ES = -0.31; 95% CI = -.43, -.20) for exercise as a method to reduce stress reactivity. An additional analysis with 27 randomized controlled trials of physical activity in animals (N = 462) also revealed a moderate reduction (ES = -0.33; 95% CI = -0.15, -0.52) …

The Impact Of Classroom Activity Breaks On The School-Day Physical Activity Of Rural Children, Teresa Bershwinger, Timothy A. Brusseau

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 134-143, 2013. Schools have been identified as a central element in a system that ensures that children participate in enough physical activity to develop healthy lifestyles. Even with this recommendation, many school-based physical activity opportunities are being eliminated/minimized (i.e. physical education (PE), recess). With children spending much of their time at school, other supplemental physical activity opportunities are essential. One such opportunity is through classroom teacher led activity breaks. Very little evidence exists identifying the impact of classroom activity breaks on the daily physical activity patterns of children. Therefore, the purpose of this …

Effects Of Exercise Sequence In Resistance-Training On Strength, Speed, And Agility In High School Football Players, Shawn Johnson, Steve Burns, Kari Azevedo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 126-133, 2013. Manipulating variables in a training program (e.g., sets, reps, lifts, sequence, etc.) is designed to maximize strength and power performance. Due to the complexity of designing resistance-training programs, changing one variable could potentially set an athletic team apart from others in performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate if exercise sequence could influence the development of strength, speed, and agility. This study compared two specific types of exercise sequences: traditional, which performs the prescribed exercises in a traditional or blocked manner (by completing every set of an exercise before …

Effects Of Foot Position During Squatting On The Quadriceps Femoris: An Electromyographic Study, Nicholas G. Murray, Daniel Cipriani, Denise O'Rand, Rebecca Reed-Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 114-125, 2013. Weightlifters have commonly believed that changing joint position can alter specific muscle activation. The magnitude of force produced by a muscle is highly dependent upon the length of the muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of foot positioning on muscle activation of the superficial quadriceps as measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) during a functional squatting movement in healthy adults. Twenty physically active asymptomatic adults (7 females and 13 males) were included in the study while four different foot positions (Neutral, Internally Rotated, Externally Rotated, and Staggered) …

Validation Of Omron™ Pedometers Using Mti Accelerometers For Use With Children, Bradley P. Peters, Kate A. Heelan Phd, Bryce M. Abbey

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 106-113, 2013. The MTI accelerometer is highly regarded as a reliable means to measure physical activity in children (Trost et. al., 1998); however, it is not always a practical instrument to use. Pedometers offer an alternative method of activity measurement and are often more practical. PURPOSE: To validate Omron™ pedometer (steps/day) against MTI accelerometer (counts /day and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) min/day) for children. METHODS: 190 children (88 males, 102 females, 8.7±2.1 yrs, 76.9±27.5 BMI %tile) wore an MTI accelerometer and Omron™ pedometer attached to the same belt for 3.9±2.2 days. …

Acute Ingestion Of L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate Fails To Improve Muscular Strength And Endurance In Rotc Cadets, Benjamin Wax, Jerry J. Mayo, Laura A. Hilton, Harris C. Mareio, Justin D. Miller, Heather E. Webb, Brian Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 91-97, 2013. L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AAKG) is purported to stimulate the release of nitric oxide, and is suggested to facilitate muscular performance by increasing blood flow and increase oxygen and nutrient delivery to the working muscle. However, the ergogenic benefit of AAKG during resistance exercise has not been established. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute AAKG ingestion in active ROTC Cadets on measures of one-repetition maximal strength (1RM) and muscular endurance. Nineteen apparently healthy males ingested either AAKG (3 g) or a placebo 45 minutes prior to …

Examination Of Injury In Female Gaelic Football, Justin Brown, Charilaos Papadopoulos, Robert Pritchett

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 98-105, 2013. To examine the relationship between body mass index and injury as well as examine injury according to playing position. In addition we sought to describe injury as it pertains to female Gaelic football. Data was collected using an online questionnaire. Archived data was also collected from a ladies Gaelic football team located in Washington, USA. Respondents included 74 recreationally trained female Gaelic footballers aged 15 – 45 years and a playing experience of 1 – 24 years. Respondents were asked to recall injuries that resulted from participation in Gaelic football. A …

Exercise Alters Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Gdnf) Protein Content In The Spinal Cord, Monica Janine Mccullough

Dissertations

Neurotrophic factors may play a role in exercise-induced neuroprotective effects; however, it is not known if exercise mediates changes in glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein levels in the spinal cord. The aim of the studies described herein was to determine if exercise alters GDNF protein expression in the lumbar spinal cord of healthy and diseased animals. The lumbar spinal cord was analyzed from adult rats aged 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-months, and from transgenic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mice and wild-type mice aged 3 months. Animals had undergone either forced wheel running, voluntary wheel running or swimming for …

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness And Proprioception, J. Rupp, E. Payton, S.O. Henry

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

J. Rupp, E. Payton, & S. O. Henry

Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR

Although some effects of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) are well documented, the impact of DOMS on proprioception – awareness of body and limb position in space and time has not yet been investigated. Delayed onset muscle soreness may affect neuromuscular sensory receptors and neural pathways due to microtears in the muscle, which could reduce proprioceptive abilities. PURPOSE: Investigate effects of DOMS on three selected measures of proprioception. METHODS: Using digital inclinometers, and data acquisition system; proprioception was assessed by participants’ (n = 19) ability to …

Leg Dominance And Its Affect On Variables Related To Leap Performance, Daniella N. Rodriguez, Scott P. Mclean, Ph.D., Jimmy C. Smith, Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: To achieve the desired aesthetics of leaping in dance it is necessary that these movements are performed equally well from either leg. However, these leaps may naturally be better performed from the dominant leg than the non-dominant leg. A lack of relevant experimental evidence precludes an assessment of this idea. PURPOSE: To determine whether a dancer executes a leap from her dominant leg better than from her non-dominant leg. METHODS: Ten experienced college aged dancers, (20 ± 1.0 yr, 62.3 ± 8.3 kg, 1.67 ± 0.1 m), performed six trials of a stationary leap off of a force plate. …

The Effect Of Cardiovascular Drift On The Efficacy Of Exercise Prescription, Katherine G. Forester, Jimmy Smith, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract –

The Effect of Cardiovascular Drift on the Efficacy of Exercise Prescription

KATHERINE FORESTER, JIMMY SMITH, Ph.D., and SCOTT MCLEAN, Ph.D.

Kinesiology; Southwestern University; Georgetown, TX

Category: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT

Due to the difficulty in measuring metabolic cost in the field, heart rate (HR) is often used to prescribe exercise intensity. Purpose: To examine the effect of cardiovascular drift (CV_drift) on the efficacy of exercise prescription (ExRx). Methods: Eight women with a mean (sd) age 21.6(2.0) years, body mass 70.9(11.0) kg, height 163.7(6.0) cm, and VO₂max of 33.7(4.2) mL/kg/min, each performed two cycling trials for …

Use Of Non-Surgical Mechanical Splinting For Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Abi Ramirez, Buck Willis, Howard Hoffberg

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Compress of the median nerve causes severe pain and paresthesia in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Over 2,000,000 Americans suffer from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, making it the most common peripheral neuropathology affecting the U.S. Continual compression over time degrades the median nerve that brings sensation of movement and feeling for the wrist. The purpose of this study was to compare change in symptoms of CTS after use of a non-surgical dynamic splinting device. Methods: A retrospective analysis was accomplished for patients diagnosed with CTS who were treated with prolonged passive stretching in dynamic splinting for this pathology (N=304). The Levine Katz …

Preliminary Data Regarding How Wheelchair Axle Position Effects The Energy Cost Of Assistants Pushing Wheelchairs Designed For Low-Resource Settings., Matthew K. Sturm, Josh Vanleer, Nathan Lowe, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A study at Letourneau University was performed to compare the energy cost of pushing wheelchairs with differing axle positions in relation to the occupant’s center of gravity (COG). In less-resourced areas of the world, powered wheelchairs are rarely feasible, requiring an assistant to push the chair. Often these assistants themselves are disabled, making any means of minimizing energy cost imperative. Research has indicated that as the rear axle comes closer to the COG, the energy cost of self-propelling the chair decreases. We hypothesized that able-bodied assistants pushing wheelchairs could provide valuable insight into the effect of axle position on energy …