Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Challenges Of Urbanization,
2014
Aga Khan University
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis: Challenges Of Urbanization, Rumina Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Relative Roles Of Host Exposure And Parasite Establishment In Producing Patterns Of Infection Using Eptesicus Fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) And Its Helminths As A Model System,
2014
Western Michigan University
Relative Roles Of Host Exposure And Parasite Establishment In Producing Patterns Of Infection Using Eptesicus Fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) And Its Helminths As A Model System, Elizabeth Warburton
Dissertations
Parasite abundance and community structure could vary depending on conditions that are both extrinsic and intrinsic to the host. Variation in parasite burden, resulting from heterogeneous exposure to parasites or heterogeneous establishment of parasites in the host, often drives transmission dynamics. Changes in parasite community structure influence parasite species diversity and thus, diversity of infection within a single host or entire host population. I sought to quantify relative roles of exposure and establishment in producing patterns of infection using bats, Eptesicus fuscus, and their helminths. I utilized subsets of data from bats captured in 16 colonies from three states …
Chlorovirus Skp1 And Core Ankyrin-Repeat Protein Interplay And Mimicry Of Cellular Ubiquitin Ligase Machinery,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Chlorovirus Skp1 And Core Ankyrin-Repeat Protein Interplay And Mimicry Of Cellular Ubiquitin Ligase Machinery, Eric Andrew Noel
School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a common target of several unrelated viruses that have evolved convergent strategies to redirect host ubiquitin machinery to serve their own needs. Members of the genus Chlorovirus, a group of large dsDNA viruses that infect certain freshwater chlorella-like green algae, encode a conserved Skp1 homolog and ankyrin-repeat (ANK) proteins, some of which contain C-terminal domains characteristic of cellular F-boxes or related viral PRANC domains. These observations suggested that this unique combination of chlorovirus proteins either interact with or imitate the key components of the SCF (Skp1-Cul1-F-box) ubiquitin ligases. Using mass spectrometry, we identified two functional …
The Role Of The N-Terminus On The Enzymatic Activity Of Dutpase From Dictyostelium Discoideum,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
The Role Of The N-Terminus On The Enzymatic Activity Of Dutpase From Dictyostelium Discoideum, Kyle C. Varon
School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The enzyme deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) (EC 3.6.1.23) converts dUTP to dUMP, thus shifting the dUTP to dUMP ratio in the cell. The molecule dUTP is subject to mis-incorporation into DNA due to lack of distinguishing by DNA polymerase. Uracil incorporation can be repaired with base excision repair mechanisms but may create overwhelming DNA strand breaks proving to be detrimental to the cell. Most dUTPases of eukaryotes are homotrimeric and contain five highly conserved motifs responsible for catalysis and substrate binding. Many dUTPases of eukaryotes possess a leading and core region in their sequence. The core region is composed of the …
Biological Surveys Of Selected Lower Grand River Streams: Ionia, Kent, Muskegon, And Ottawa Counties, Michigan, August-September 2014,
2014
Calvin University
Biological Surveys Of Selected Lower Grand River Streams: Ionia, Kent, Muskegon, And Ottawa Counties, Michigan, August-September 2014, Michigan Department Of Environmental Quality Water Resources Division
Faculty and Professional Research
The biologic integrity and physical habitat conditions of the lower Grand River (Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) 04050006) and selected tributaries were surveyed during August and September 2014 by staff of the Surface Water Assessment Section (SWAS), Water Resources Division (WRD). The objectives of this study were to: 1. Evaluate the attainment status of the other indigenous aquatic life and wildlife (OIALW) designated use. 2. Identify and investigate effects of nonpoint sources (NPS) of pollution. 3. Satisfy monitoring requests submitted by internal and external customers.
Analysis Of Nucleosome Mobility, Fragility, And Recovery: From Embryonic Stem Cells To Invitrosomes,
2014
Brigham Young University - Provo
Analysis Of Nucleosome Mobility, Fragility, And Recovery: From Embryonic Stem Cells To Invitrosomes, Ashley Nicolle Wright
Theses and Dissertations
Several factors direct the placement of specific nucleosomes, which in turn have the ability to regulate DNA accessibility. These factors include, but are not limited to, nucleotide sequence preference, nucleotide modifications, the type of histones present within the nucleosome, and the presence of additional transcription factor or chromatin remodelers. A combination of these and other factors are responsible for tightly controlled efficient transcription within the eukaryotic cell. In order to contribute to the understanding of these complicated processes, three separate hypothesis-driven investigations were carried out. First, we looked into nucleosome positioning and phasing within closely related cells lines. Second, we …
Temporal Variations In The Abundance And Composition Of Biofilm Communities Colonizing Drinking Water Distribution Pipes,
2014
Loyola University Chicago
Temporal Variations In The Abundance And Composition Of Biofilm Communities Colonizing Drinking Water Distribution Pipes, John J. Kelly, Nicole Minalt, Alessandro Culotti, Marsha Pryor, Aaron Packman
Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works
Pipes that transport drinking water through municipal drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) are challenging habitats for microorganisms. Distribution networks are dark, oligotrophic and contain disinfectants; yet microbes frequently form biofilms attached to interior surfaces of DWDS pipes. Relatively little is known about the species composition and ecology of these biofilms due to challenges associated with sample acquisition from actual DWDS. We report the analysis of biofilms from five pipe samples collected from the same region of a DWDS in Florida, USA, over an 18 month period between February 2011 and August 2012. The bacterial abundance and composition of biofilm communities …
Identification And Characterization Of Phytoplankton In Barnegat Bay, New Jersey,
2014
Seton Hall University
Identification And Characterization Of Phytoplankton In Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, Nicole L. Elia
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Barnegat Bay is a marine estuary that encompasses 670-square miles of the eastern coast of New Jersey. The bay serves as a home to thousands of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms. During the summer months, the population of the bay increases from 576,000 to over 1.5 million residents. In 2011, the Barnegat Bay Partnership reported that environmental conditions of the bay are declining due to increased pollutants from nutrient fertilizers and runoff. Increased nitrogen levels have led to eutrophication and proliferation of phytoplankton algal blooms. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels in the water …
The Use Of Natural Products As Potential Anti-Pseudomonas Agents,
2014
Seton Hall University
The Use Of Natural Products As Potential Anti-Pseudomonas Agents, Margaret B. Bell
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Pseudomonas is a genus of gram-negative gammaproteobacteria with a large range of diversity. Because of its ability to grow at low temperature, Pseudomonas is a cause of food spoilage. This bacterium is also a very common nosocomial infection of hospital patients. In this study, we investigated the effects of different natural products on Pseudomonas. The products included a polysaccharide, two flavonoids tangeretin and nobiletin and their derivatives, 5’OH-tangeretin and 5’OH-nobiletin, black tea polyphenol – theaflavins (TFs), as well as an herb named Fallopia multiflora (Chinese Knotweed). P. fluorescens and P. aeruginosa were used as model organisms. Antimicrobial effects were …
Identification And Characterization Of Microbial Contaminants And Associated Bacterial Viruses In Bioethanol Production Facilities To Suggest A Potential Alternative To Antibiotic Treatment,
2014
Western Kentucky University
Identification And Characterization Of Microbial Contaminants And Associated Bacterial Viruses In Bioethanol Production Facilities To Suggest A Potential Alternative To Antibiotic Treatment, Charles Austin Coomer
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
In recent years, bioethanol has received worldwide interest as a bioenergy source. This interest has stimulated the production of substantial quantities of ethanol annually. However, the inability to produce bioethanol under sterile conditions plagues the industry, resulting in frequent microbial contamination. Bacterial contamination is one of the more challenging problems facing the bioethanol industry because contaminants drastically lower ethanol yield. Conventional methods of antibiotic application to eradicate bacterial contaminants are expensive and prohibitive. A more sustainable approach to control bacterial contamination of industrial ethanol fermentation systems is to use bacteriophages (phage). The goal of this research was to create a …
Structural Features Of The Pseudomonas Fluorescens Biofilm Adhesin Lapa Required For Lapg-Dependent Cleavage, Biofilm Formation, And Cell Surface Localization,
2014
Dartmouth College
Structural Features Of The Pseudomonas Fluorescens Biofilm Adhesin Lapa Required For Lapg-Dependent Cleavage, Biofilm Formation, And Cell Surface Localization, Chelsea D. Boyd, T. Jarrod Smith, Sofiane El-Kirat-Chatel, Peter D. Newell, Yves F. Dufrêne, George A. O'Toole
Dartmouth Scholarship
The localization of the LapA protein to the cell surface is a key step required by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 to irreversibly attach to a surface and form a biofilm. LapA is a member of a diverse family of predicted bacterial adhesins, and although lacking a high degree of sequence similarity, family members do share common predicted domains. Here, using mutational analysis, we determine the significance of each domain feature of LapA in relation to its export and localization to the cell surface and function in biofilm formation. Our previous work showed that the N terminus of LapA is required for …
Use Of Cholera Toxin B As A Vaccine Adjuvant Activates Antigen Presenting Cells And Stimulates Production Of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines,
2014
Seton Hall University
Use Of Cholera Toxin B As A Vaccine Adjuvant Activates Antigen Presenting Cells And Stimulates Production Of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, Heather C. Romlein
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Francisella tularensis is an intracellular pathogen that has been classified as a category “A” bioterrorism agent by the Centers For Disease Control. To date, there is no approved vaccine to provide protection against this pathogen. Previous in vivo studies with mice have shown that a mucosally targeted vaccine preparation of inactivated F. tularensis (iFt) adjuvanted with Cholera toxin “B” (CTB), successfully granted full protection against a less virulent strain (FT LVS) of the bacterium and provided partial protection against a more virulent strain (SchuS4). However, the mechanisms of this protection are not fully understood. In this …
Marine Viral Diversity And Spatiotemporal Variability,
2014
University of South Florida
Marine Viral Diversity And Spatiotemporal Variability, Dawn Goldsmith
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Marine viruses are the most numerous biological entities in the ocean, with an estimated abundance of 4 x 1030. They merit study not only because of their sheer abundance, but also because of the role they play in the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. Viral lysis of bacteria redirects the flow of nutrients among marine microbes, which ultimately affects the efficiency of the biological pump. Viral diversity is important because most viruses are host-specific. In preying on a certain type of bacteria, viruses affect the diversity and structure of the bacterial community, leading to changes in carbon and nutrient flows. …
The Role Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus In The Growth, Toxicity, And Distribution Of The Toxic Cyanobacteria, Microcystis Aeruginosa,
2014
University of San Francisco
The Role Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus In The Growth, Toxicity, And Distribution Of The Toxic Cyanobacteria, Microcystis Aeruginosa, James Parrish
Master's Projects and Capstones
Microcystis aeruginosa is among the most common harmful algal-blooming species in the world. Potent microcystins released by M. aeruginosa have been linked to liver failure and death in aquatic mammals, like the endangered California sea otter, and provide a serious public health risk to humans. Once characterized as a freshwater problem, M. aeruginosa is expanding on a global scale, making persistent returns in freshwater, brackish, and coastal marine ecosystems. Though commonly observed dominating aquatic ecosystems in low N:P atomic ratios less than 44:1, the reliability of N:P ratios as a tool for managing and predicting M. aeruginosa blooms is explored …
Chemical Profiling And Biological Activity Of Two Tunicate-Associated Marine Bacteria,
2014
University of Connecticut - Storrs
Chemical Profiling And Biological Activity Of Two Tunicate-Associated Marine Bacteria, Lyubina Yankova
Honors Scholar Theses
Marine natural products have recently been an increasingly abundant source of novel antibiotics. Given that there is an increasing resistance to current drug therapies, finding new sources such as marine natural products is essential. Tunicate-associated marine bacteria can be a significant source of antibacterial compounds. Two tunicates of the species Eudistoma were collected from Portobelo National Park on the Salmedina Reef of Panama in the Caribbean Sea. Bacteria associated with the tunicate were isolated, cultured, extracted, and fractionated. Fractions were tested against an array of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens in the BioMAP assay. Two fractions MB0086E and MB0088E demonstrated activity …
Morphometric Studies On Subadult Liza Subviridis And Sillago Sihama From Sonmiani Bay (Miani Hor), Balochistan, Pakistan,
2014
University of Karachi
Morphometric Studies On Subadult Liza Subviridis And Sillago Sihama From Sonmiani Bay (Miani Hor), Balochistan, Pakistan, Muhammad A. Gondal, Naureen A. Qureshi, Noor U. Saher
Journal of Bioresource Management
Length-weight relationship of Liza subviridis and Sillago sihama (Family: Mugilidae; Class: Pisces and Family: Sillaginidae; Class: Pisces) in subadults sampled from Somiani Bay Balochistan, Pakistan during 2002, 2003 and 2006 was analyzed. Liza subviridis showed positive allometry (3.23) in 2002, and negative allometry during 2003 (2.95) and 2006 (1.95). Sub adults of Sillago sihama showed positive allometry during 2002 (3.10) and 2003 (3.13). An isometric condition (3.02) was observed in the samples of Sillago sihama collected from Bhaira in 2006.
On Individual, Sex And Age Differentiation Of Indian House Crow (Corvus Splendens) Call: A Preliminary Study In Potohar, Pakistan,
2014
Bioresource Research Centre, Islamabad
On Individual, Sex And Age Differentiation Of Indian House Crow (Corvus Splendens) Call: A Preliminary Study In Potohar, Pakistan, Waqas Hameed, Inayat Ullah, Safia Janjua, Fakhar -I- Abbas, Afsar Mian
Journal of Bioresource Management
Considering importance of acoustics studies in population biology, 500 calls of the Indian House Crow (Corvus splendens) were recorded in morning - mid-afternoon hours (January-February, 2009) from 23 sites of urban areas of Potahar (Punjab, Pakistan). Calls were recorded using Sony CFS 1030 S sound records (sampling rate = 48 KHz) and edited using Sound Analysis Pro (Version 1.02). software using FFT method rate 50%, data window 9.27 ms, advanced window 1.36 ms. Through editing of calls, we selected 60 (37 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, 6 Juvenile ♂♂) good quality spectrograms for detailed analysis. Spectrograms were characterized by rapid frequency modulations …
Review: Pollination, Pollinated And Pollinators Interaction In Pakistan,
2014
Honey Bee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad
Review: Pollination, Pollinated And Pollinators Interaction In Pakistan, Mohammad Irshad, Elizabeth Stephen
Journal of Bioresource Management
The agriculture sector is important in the overall economy and export earnings of Pakistan. Pollination is an essential ecosystem service that depends on symbiosis between species, the pollinated and the pollinator. Animal mediated pollination contributes to the sexual production of over 90% species of modern angiosperms. Effective pollination results in increased crop production, quality improvement and more seed production. Many fruits, vegetables, edible oil crops, stimulant crops and nuts are highly dependent on bee pollination. Worldwide value of pollinators is €153 billion (217 billion US dollars). The production value of pollinated dependent crop in Pakistan is quantified to be 1.59 …
Research Note: Contribution To Mushroom Flora Of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan,
2014
Institute of Natural and Management Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Research Note: Contribution To Mushroom Flora Of Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan, Kishwar Sultana, Naveeda Riaz, Gulshan Irshad, Ali Nauman Khan
Journal of Bioresource Management
Seven hymenomycetous fungi (mushrooms) were collected from the twin cities area during July 2008. These were identified as the members of the order Agaricales, class Basidiomycetes. They belong to five genera: *Clitocybe fragrans, *Collybia cookie, *Coprinus radians, *Coprinus sterculinus, *Volvariella bingensis, Volvariella parvula, and Termitomyces microcarpus. Five of them, marked with asterisk were reported for the first time from Pakistan.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of C-Reactive Protein In Neonatal Sepsis,
2014
Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad
Diagnostic Accuracy Of C-Reactive Protein In Neonatal Sepsis, Sidra Younis, Muhammad Ali Sheikh, Amjad Ali Raza
Journal of Bioresource Management
Sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal deaths each year in developing countries. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) in neonatal sepsis. Fifty nine consecutive patients with risk factors and clinical features suggestive of CRP sepsis were selected as per operational definition and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Detailed physical examination was carried out. Blood sample for culture and CRP was taken from all the patients. Results of blood culture and CRP were noted down in the performa. Statistical analysis …
