Genomic Analysis Of Factors Associated With Low Prevalence Of Antibiotic Resistance In Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Sequence Type 95 Strains,
2017
Santa Clara University
Genomic Analysis Of Factors Associated With Low Prevalence Of Antibiotic Resistance In Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Sequence Type 95 Strains, Craig M. Stephens, Sheila Adams-Sapper, Manraj Sekhon, James R. Johnson, Lee W. Riley
Biology
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains belonging to multilocus sequence type 95 (ST95) are globally distributed and a common cause of infections in humans and domestic fowl. ST95 isolates generally show a lower prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance than other pandemic ExPEC lineages. We took a genomic approach to identify factors that may underlie reduced resistance. We fully assembled genomes for four ST95 isolates representing the four major fimH-based lineages within ST95 and also analyzed draft-level genomes from another 82 ST95 isolates, largely from the western United States. The fully assembled genomes of antibiotic-resistant isolates carried resistance genes exclusively on …
Exploring Therapeutic Approaches For Marfan Syndrome Associated Aortic Aneurysm,
2017
Midwestern University (Phoenix)
Exploring Therapeutic Approaches For Marfan Syndrome Associated Aortic Aneurysm, Mitra Esfandiarei
Science Seminar Series
Esfandiearei will be discussing her research on understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to the progression of aortic aneurysm in Marfan syndrome and the protective effects that exercise may have on the disease process in both laboratory animal models and human patients. Her research has been supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Rare Diseases Foundation, and the Marfan Foundation.
Sterol Binding By The Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential For Replication In Yeast And Plants,
2017
University of Kentucky
Sterol Binding By The Tombusviral Replication Proteins Is Essential For Replication In Yeast And Plants, Kai Xu, Peter D. Nagy
Plant Pathology Faculty Publications
Membranous structures derived from various organelles are important for replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses. Although the important roles of co-opted host proteins in RNA virus replication have been appreciated for a decade, the equally important functions of cellular lipids in virus replication have been gaining full attention only recently. Previous work with Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (TBSV) in model host yeast has revealed essential roles for phosphatidylethanolamine and sterols in viral replication. To further our understanding of the role of sterols in tombusvirus replication, in this work we showed that the TBSV p33 and p92 replication proteins could bind to …
Mutagenic And Spectroscopic Investigation Of Ph Dependent Cooa Dna Binding,
2017
Valparaiso University
Mutagenic And Spectroscopic Investigation Of Ph Dependent Cooa Dna Binding, Brian R. Weaver
Chemistry Honors Papers
The carbon monoxide (CO) sensing heme protein, CooA, is a transcription factor which exists in several bacteria that utilize CO as an energy source. CooA positively regulates the expression of coo genes in the presence of CO such that the corresponding proteins may metabolize CO. The present studies have yielded the unexpected result that Fe(III) CooA binds DNA tightly at pH < 7, deviating from all previously reported work which indicate that CooA DNA binding is initiated only when the exogenous CO effector reacts with the Fe(II) CooA heme. This observation suggests that the disruption of one or more salt bridges upon effector binding may be a critical feature of the normal CooA activation mechanism. To test this possibility, several protein variants that eliminated a selected salt bridge for the CooA homolog from Rhodospirillum rubrum were prepared via site-directed mutagenesis. Samples of these variant proteins, which were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, were then characterized by spectroscopic methods and functional assays to investigate the impact these mutations had on CooA heme coordination …
Detection And Quantitation Of Tetracycline Antibiotics In Agricultural Swine Wastes,
2017
wku
Detection And Quantitation Of Tetracycline Antibiotics In Agricultural Swine Wastes, Ali Jamal Abdulrheem
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
The spread of tetracyclines through agricultural systems is causing the present bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. The spread of this bacteria, as well as the tetracycline antibiotics in the environment is dangerous because these antibiotics pose health hazards for humans. The overuse of antibiotics, which are added to livestock feed, results in the antibiotics being released into the environment via animal feces. In this research, we have attempted to design an analytical method to isolate antibiotics from agricultural wastes with subsequent detection using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The antibiotics investigated in this study were tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline. …
Ebola Virus - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, And Control: Threat To Humans, Lessons Learnt, And Preparedness Plans - An Update On Its 40 Year's Journey,
2017
Old Dominion University
Ebola Virus - Epidemiology, Diagnosis, And Control: Threat To Humans, Lessons Learnt, And Preparedness Plans - An Update On Its 40 Year's Journey, Raj Kumar Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Yashpal Singh Malik, Muthannan Andavar Ramakrishnan, Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Rekha Khandia, Ruchi Tiwari, Ashok Munjal, Mani Saminathan, Perumal Arumugam, Sunil Kumar Joshi
Bioelectrics Publications
Ebola virus (EBOV) is an extremely contagious pathogen and causes lethal hemorrhagic fever disease in man and animals. The recently occurred Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in the West African countries have categorized it as an international health concern. For the virus maintenance and transmission, the non-human primates and reservoir hosts like fruit bats have played a vital role. For curbing the disease timely, we need effective therapeutics/prophylactics, however, in the absence of any approved vaccine, timely diagnosis and monitoring of EBOV remains of utmost importance. The technologically advanced vaccines like a viral-vectored vaccine, DNA vaccine and virus-like particles are …
Nephrotoxicity In Patients With Or Without Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Polymyxin B Compared To Colistin,
2017
University of Kentucky
Nephrotoxicity In Patients With Or Without Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Polymyxin B Compared To Colistin, Ryan L. Crass, Wilbur Cliff Rutter, Donna R. Burgess, Craig A. Martin, David S. Burgess
Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications
Nephrotoxicity is the primary adverse effect of the polymyxins. The relative rates of toxicity of polymyxin B and colistin have not been fully elucidated, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). A retrospective cohort study of adults treated with polymyxin B or colistin for at least 48 h was conducted. The primary endpoint was the incidence of kidney injury assessed by RIFLE (i.e., risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal disease) criteria. Risk factors for kidney injury were evaluated using multivariate Cox regression. A total of 414 patients were evaluated, 220 of whom had CF. In patients without CF, there was …
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Recruitment Of Inflammatory Mononuclear Cells Leads To Inflammation And Altered Brain Development In Murine Cytomegalovirus-Infected Newborn Mice,
2017
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Recruitment Of Inflammatory Mononuclear Cells Leads To Inflammation And Altered Brain Development In Murine Cytomegalovirus-Infected Newborn Mice, Maria C. Seleme, Kate Kosmac, Stipan Jonjic, William J. Britt
Physical Therapy Faculty Publications
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is a significant cause of abnormal neurodevelopment and long-term neurological sequelae in infants and children. Resident cell populations of the developing brain have been suggested to be more susceptible to virus-induced cytopathology, a pathway thought to contribute to the clinical outcomes following intrauterine HCMV infection. However, recent findings in a newborn mouse model of the infection in the developing brain have indicated that elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators leading to mononuclear cell activation and recruitment could underlie the abnormal neurodevelopment. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-neutralizing …
Detecting, Cloning, And Screening For Suppressors Of Rna Silencing In Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus And Sugarcane Mosaic Virus,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Detecting, Cloning, And Screening For Suppressors Of Rna Silencing In Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus And Sugarcane Mosaic Virus, Nicole E. Bacheller
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) is one of the most important viral diseases of maize. MLND occurs when Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) co-infects the same plant with one of several potyviruses, including Sugarcane mosaic virus, Wheat streak mosaic virus or Maize dwarf mosaic virus. Originally prevalent in the Midwest and Peru in the 1970s, the disease was called corn lethal necrosis (CLN) and was controlled through breeding and sanitation. Recently, the disease has re-emerged in East Africa and is rapidly spreading and threatening the food sources of subsistence-farming populations. This re-emergence has raised several questions about the unknown …
Molecular Detection Of Candidatus Bartonella Mayotimonensis In North American Bats,
2017
Bucknell University
Molecular Detection Of Candidatus Bartonella Mayotimonensis In North American Bats, Thomas M. Lilley, Cali Ann Wilson, Riley F. Bernard, Emma V. Wilcox, Eero J. Vesterinen, Quinn Mr Webber, Laura Ann Kurpiers, Jenni M. Prokkola, Imran Ejotre, Allen Kurta, Kenneth A. Field, Deeann M. Reeder, Arto T. Pulliainen
Faculty Journal Articles
Candidatus Bartonella mayotimonensis was detected in 2010 from an aortic valve sample of a patient with endocarditis from Iowa, the United States of America. The environmental source of the potentially new endocarditis-causing Bartonellaremained elusive. We set out to study the prevalence and diversity of bat-associated Bartonella in North America. During 2015, mist nets and harp traps were used to capture 92 bats belonging to two species: little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugusLe Conte 1831, n = 73) and the gray myotis (M. grisescens A.H. Howell 1909, n = 19) in Kentucky, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. DNA preparations …
A Review Of The Role Of Interleukin-6 On Disease Progression In Epithelial Ovarian Cancer,
2017
Wright State University
A Review Of The Role Of Interleukin-6 On Disease Progression In Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Urmimala Chaudhuri
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Ovarian cancer is one of the most harmful gynecological cancers and has one of the highest mortality rates. As ovarian cancer progresses, the patient has changes to the immune system and energy metabolism with symptoms being weight loss, nausea, and fatigue. Changes to the immune system include overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines. One such cytokine is Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is a useful prognostic marker to measure disease progression. IL-6 is thought to promote cancer cell proliferation by upregulating apoptosis inhibitory proteins. IL-6 also plays a role in ascites formation. While tumors may initially respond to chemotherapy treatment, most patients will have …
Increasing Usage Of Rapid Diagnostics For Dengue Virus Detection In Pakistan,
2017
Agha Khan University
Increasing Usage Of Rapid Diagnostics For Dengue Virus Detection In Pakistan, Zahra Hasan, Saher Razzak, Muhammad Farhan, Maryam Rahim, Nazneen Islam, Azra Samreen, E. Khan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Atypical Teratoid/ Rhabdoid Tumor Of Brain: A Clinicopathologic Study Of Eleven Patients And Review Of Literature,
2017
Aga Khan University
Atypical Teratoid/ Rhabdoid Tumor Of Brain: A Clinicopathologic Study Of Eleven Patients And Review Of Literature, Nasir Ud Din, Abrar Barakzai, Aisha Memon, Sheema Hasan, Zubair Ahmad
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Creative Commons Attribution LicenseBackground: Atypical teratoid/ rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare aggressive embryonal central nervous system(CNS) tumor of infancy and early childhood. Majority of the cases arise in the posterior fossa, and remaining in thecerebrum. Aims: To analyze the clinicopathologic features of AT/RT on a cohort of cases. Materials and methods:All reported cases of AT/RT at the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital(AKUH) from 2007 to 2016 were reviewed for clinical and pathological features. Immunohistochemical stain for INI-1was performed in all 11 cases. Follow up was obtained. Results: A total of 11 cases were identified. …
Enterobius Vermicularis In Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: A Rare And Interesting Incidental Finding - A Case Report,
2017
Aga Khan University
Enterobius Vermicularis In Tubo-Ovarian Abscess: A Rare And Interesting Incidental Finding - A Case Report, Faryal Saleem, Faizan Malik, Saira Fatima
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Enterobius vermicularis is a common intestinal nematode; however, rare extraintestinal Enterobius infections have been reported from different parts of the world. Here, we present a case of tubo-ovarian abscess in an otherwise healthy young sexually active female with no known comorbids with history of on and off lower abdominal pain for one year and high grade fever for one month. On the basis of further workup and radiological evaluation, a preoperative diagnosis of right sided tubo-ovarian abscess was made and salpingo-oophorectomy was performed laproscopically in July 2015. Histopathology of the resected tissue revealed necrosis and in one area Enterobius vermicularis …
Selective Screening For Organic Acidurias And Amino Acidopathies In Pakistani Children,
2017
Aga Khan University
Selective Screening For Organic Acidurias And Amino Acidopathies In Pakistani Children, Noreen Abbas Sherazi, Aysha Habib Khan, Lena Jafri, Azeema Jamil, Nasir Ali Khan, Bushra Afroze
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Objective: To determine the frequency of organic acidurais (OA) and amino acidopathies (AA) in selected high-risk patients screened in two years.
Study Design: Retrospective Observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, from January 2013 to December 2014.
Methodology: Patients with OA and AA were included in the study and patients with IMDs other than OA and AA were excluded. Amino acids and organic acids were analyzed on high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry respectively. Clinical data and chromatograms of patients screened for IMDs were reviewed by chemical pathologist and metabolic physician. …
Phytohormone Signaling In Chlorella Sorokiniana: Perspectives On The Evolution Of Plant Cell-To-Cell Signaling,
2017
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Phytohormone Signaling In Chlorella Sorokiniana: Perspectives On The Evolution Of Plant Cell-To-Cell Signaling, Maya Khasin
School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Cell-to-cell communication is a key aspect of microbial physiology and population dynamics, and a cornerstone in understanding the evolution of multicellularity. Quorum sensing in bacteria is a canonical example of microbial cell-to-cell signaling, in which bacteria use small molecule signals in order to monitor their population size and modulate their physiology accordingly. We propose that the evolution of plant hormone signaling arose in unicellular green algae, analogously to quorum sensing in bacteria, and that the complexity of these pathways required the recruitment of increasingly specific enzymes to increasingly sophisticated gene networks throughout the course of phytohormone signaling evolution. Using Chlorella …
The Incidence Of Mrsa Infections In The United States: Is A More Comprehensive Tracking System Needed?,
2017
Health Watch
The Incidence Of Mrsa Infections In The United States: Is A More Comprehensive Tracking System Needed?, Kevin T. Kavanagh, Said Abusalem, Lindsay E. Calderon
EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship
A review of epidemiological studies on the incidence of MRSA infections overtime was performed along with an analysis of data available for download from Hospital Compare (https://data.medicare.gov/data/hospital-compare). We found the estimations of the incidence of MRSA infections varied widely depending upon the type of population studied, the types of infections captured and in the definitions and terminology used to describe the results. We could not find definitive evidence that the incidence of MRSA infections in U.S. community or facilities is decreasing significantly. Of concern are recent data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) on MRSA bloodstream infections which …
Draft Genome Sequences Of Three Cellulolytic Bacillus Licheniformis Strains Isolated From Imperial Geyser, Amphitheater Springs, And Whiterock Springs Inside Yellowstone National Park,
2017
Tennessee State University
Draft Genome Sequences Of Three Cellulolytic Bacillus Licheniformis Strains Isolated From Imperial Geyser, Amphitheater Springs, And Whiterock Springs Inside Yellowstone National Park, Joshua A. O'Hair, Hui Li, Santosh Thapa, Matthew Scholz, Suping Zhou
Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research
Novel cellulolytic microorganisms are becoming more important for rapidly growing biofuel industries. This paper reports the draft genome sequences of Bacillus licheniformis strains YNP2-TSU, YNP3-TSU, and YNP5-TSU. These cellulolytic isolates were collected from several hydrothermal features inside Yellowstone National Park.
Detection Of Presumptive Pathogens In Ground Beef From Supermarket And Farmers' Market Sources,
2017
Georgia College & State University
Detection Of Presumptive Pathogens In Ground Beef From Supermarket And Farmers' Market Sources, Paige L. Stanley, Taylor A. Winslow, Indiren Pillay
Georgia Journal of Science
This study investigates whether specific pathogens are more prevalent in retail meat sold by supermarkets compared to locally sourced markets. Ground beef samples were obtained from conventional ‘big box’ supermarkets and from local, farmers’ markets and examined for the presence of two pathogens, Escherichia coli O157,H7 and Salmonella. For the detection of E. coli O157,H7, homogenized meat samples were enriched overnight in modified EC medium with novobiocin. The enriched cultures were selected onto MacConkey agar with sorbitol, cefixime and tellurite. Presumptive positive colonies were subcultured onto tryptic soy agar with yeast extract and further tested for positive indole and motility, …
A Novel Approach To The Discovery Of Natural Products From Actinobacteria,
2017
University of South Florida
A Novel Approach To The Discovery Of Natural Products From Actinobacteria, Rahmy Tawfik
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Actinobacteria, primarily the genus Streptomyces, have led to the development of a number of antibiotics, which result from their secondary metabolites or modified derivatives. Secondary metabolite production can result from competition with neighboring microbes in an effort to disrupt growth, aiding in the competition for vital nutrients in impoverished conditions. Such secondary metabolites have the potential to affect a plethora of cellular functions in target cells, including, cell wall development, protein synthesis, protein function and fatty acid synthesis/metabolism. Due to the pandemic spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, it is imperative to continue the search for new therapeutic agents …
