Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Microbiology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

8,160 Full-Text Articles 18,407 Authors 3,792,094 Downloads 269 Institutions

All Articles in Microbiology

Faceted Search

8,160 full-text articles. Page 200 of 311.

Expression Of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Naegleria Fowleri And Their Role In Degradation Of The Extracellular Matrix, Charlton Lam 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University

Expression Of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Naegleria Fowleri And Their Role In Degradation Of The Extracellular Matrix, Charlton Lam

Theses and Dissertations

Naegleria fowleri is a free-living amoeba found in freshwater lakes and ponds that is the causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been described in protozoa, such as Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei, and Balamuthia mandrillaris, and have been linked to their increased motility and invasive capability by degrading components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, MMPs are often upregulated in tumorigenic cells and have been attributed as responsible for the metastasis of certain cancers. In the present study, in vitro experiments indicated that MMPs are linked functionally to the ECM degradation process. …


The Effects Of The Hiv-1 Tat Protein And Morphine On The Structure And Function Of The Hippocampal Ca1 Subfield, William D. Marks 2017 SUNY College at Buffalo

The Effects Of The Hiv-1 Tat Protein And Morphine On The Structure And Function Of The Hippocampal Ca1 Subfield, William D. Marks

Theses and Dissertations

HIV is capable of causing a set of neurological diseases collectively termed the HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Worsening pathology is observed in HIV+ individuals who use opioid drugs. Memory problems are often observed in HAND, implicating HIV pathology in the hippocampus, and are also known to be exacerbated by morphine use. HIV-1 Tat was demonstrated to reduce spatial memory performance in multiple tasks, and individual subsets of CA1 interneurons were found to be selectively vulnerable to the effects of Tat, notably nNOS+/NPY- interneurons of the pyramidal layer and stratum radiatum, PV+ neurons of the pyramidal layer, and SST+ neurons …


Orientia Tsutsugamushi Secretes Two Ankyrin Repeat-Containing Effectors Via A Type 1 Secretion System To Inhibit Host Nf-Κb Function, Sean M. Evans 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University

Orientia Tsutsugamushi Secretes Two Ankyrin Repeat-Containing Effectors Via A Type 1 Secretion System To Inhibit Host Nf-Κb Function, Sean M. Evans

Theses and Dissertations

Scrub typhus is a potentially fatal infection that threatens one billion persons in the Asia-Pacific region and is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium, Orientia tsutsugamushi. How this organism facilitates its intracellular survival and pathogenesis is poorly understood. Intracellular bacterial pathogens utilize the Type 1 (T1SS) or Type 4 secretion system (T4SS) to translocate ankyrin repeat-containing proteins (Anks) into the host cell to modulate host cell processes. The O. tsutsugamushi genome encodes one of the largest known bacterial Ank libraries as well as Type 1 and Type 4 secretion systems (T1SS and T4SS), which are expressed during infection. In …


Amixicile Inhibits Anaerobic Bacteria Within An Oral Microbiome Derived From Patients With Chronic Periodontitis, Kane Ramsey 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University

Amixicile Inhibits Anaerobic Bacteria Within An Oral Microbiome Derived From Patients With Chronic Periodontitis, Kane Ramsey

Theses and Dissertations

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic bacteria residing in a complex biofilm within a susceptible host. Amixicile is a non-toxic, readily bioavailable novel antimicrobial that targets strict anaerobes through inhibition of the activity of Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (PFOR), a major enzyme mediating oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of amixicile, when compared to metronidazole, in inhibiting the growth of bacteria present in a microbiome harvested from patients with chronic periodontitis.

Plaque samples were harvested from patients with severe chronic periodontitis and cultured under anaerobic conditions. The microbiomes were grown in the presence …


Detection Of Antibiotic Resistance Loci In Wastewater And Fresh Water Samples, Mohammed Hamed Almalki 2017 Eastern Illinois University

Detection Of Antibiotic Resistance Loci In Wastewater And Fresh Water Samples, Mohammed Hamed Almalki

Masters Theses

Proper treatment of municipal wastewater is important not only for prevention of eutrophication but also for public health concerns. One consideration for wastewater treatment is the presence of organisms carrying antibiotic resistance genes. If these organisms survive the wastewater treatment process and are released into the streams, they can pose significant risks to public health. In addition, their presence also raises concerns for lateral gene transfer events at the wastewater plant. The spread of antibiotic loci has a major impact in public health and clinical therapy because resistant organisms render conventional treatments of important illnesses difficult. Beta-lactam drugs are known …


Plaster Creek Bacterial Monitoring And Source Tracking Project - Final Report, Randall J. DeJong 2017 Calvin University

Plaster Creek Bacterial Monitoring And Source Tracking Project - Final Report, Randall J. Dejong

Faculty and Professional Research

The objective of this project was to identify important sources of bacterial loading in Plaster Creek (Kent County). The following goals were set to reach this objective: 1) the relative contributions of bacterial loading for 10 major tributaries will be assessed and the five most egregious contributors will be prioritized; 2) molecular markers will be used to try to identify the primary taxonomic sources, and 3) to pinpoint bacterial loading locations using molecular markers and scent-trained canines in sub-watersheds.


Carotenoids And Metabolism Of The Green Microalga Chlorococcum Sp. 8367re Under Stress Conditions, Kantima Janchot 2017 Faculty of Science

Carotenoids And Metabolism Of The Green Microalga Chlorococcum Sp. 8367re Under Stress Conditions, Kantima Janchot

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Green microalgae are one of the natural resources for productions of various and beneficial bioactive compounds, such as UV-screening compounds and carotenoids. This study focuses on the changes of carotenoids and metabolisms in the green microalga Chlorococcum sp. 8367RE under stress conditions. The results showed that stresses by salt, light, drought, and nitrogen starvation affected on alterations of morphological characteristics. Interestingly, size of cells culturing under salt stresses dramatically increased. It should be noted that KCl stress caused the enlargement of cell sizes approximately 5 folds. Carotenoids were identified and quantified by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and mass …


Functional Characterization Of Natural Sunscreen Compound Mycosporine-2-Glycine From Extremophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418 In Macrophage Cell Line And Fresh Water Cyanobacterium, Supamate Tarasuntisuk 2017 Faculty of Science

Functional Characterization Of Natural Sunscreen Compound Mycosporine-2-Glycine From Extremophilic Cyanobacterium Halothece Sp. Pcc 7418 In Macrophage Cell Line And Fresh Water Cyanobacterium, Supamate Tarasuntisuk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G) is a rare UV-screening compound in a group of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). This molecule is found in only two cyanobacteria; Euhalothece sp. LK-1 and Aphanothece halophytica (Halothece sp. PCC 7418). The structure of M2G composed of 4-deoxygadusol as a core structure, attached by 2 molecules of glycine at C1 and C3 positions. M2G has a maximal adsorption at 331 nm and a better antioxidative activity than other MAAs. Thus, it is interesting in determination of other activities for further cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications. In this study, a high purity M2G was successfully extracted and purified from Halothece …


โมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดีต่อโปรตีน Vp1 ของไวรัสโลหิตจางในไก่ และการระบุเอพิโทป, เอกราช สิทธิเดช 2017 คณะวิทยาศาสตร์

โมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดีต่อโปรตีน Vp1 ของไวรัสโลหิตจางในไก่ และการระบุเอพิโทป, เอกราช สิทธิเดช

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

โรคโลหิตจางในไก่ เกิดจากไวรัส Chicken anemia virus (CAV) ไก่ที่ติดไวรัส จะมีภาวะโลหิตจางอย่างรุนแรงตัวแคระแกร็น ต่อมธัยมัสฝ่อ เซลล์ไขกระดูกลดลง และภูมิคุ้มกันบกพร่อง โปรตีน VP1 เป็นโปรตีนโครงสร้างของไวรัส ทำหน้าที่ในการรวมกันเป็นอนุภาคไวรัส มีคุณสมบัติในการเป็นแอนติเจน CAV งานวิจัยก่อนหน้านี้ สามารถผลิตรีคอมบิแนนท์โปรตีน Δ60N_VP1 ของไวรัสโลหิตจางในไก่ จึงเป็นที่มาของวัตถุประสงค์ของงานวิจัยนี้ คือ ผลิตโมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดีต่อโปรตีน VP1 และ ระบุเอพิโทปต่อโมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดี โดยนำม้ามที่ได้จากการใช้รีคอมบิแนนท์โปรตีน Δ60N_VP1 กระตุ้นภูมิคุ้มกันในหนูเม้าส์ มาหลอมรวมกับเซลล์ไมอีโลมา พบว่าได้ เซลล์ไฮบริโดมาที่ผลิตโมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดีจำนวน 5 โคลน ได้แก่ โคลนที่ 1, 2, 3, 7 และ 21 สามารถจำแนกชนิดของแอนติบอดีได้เป็น IgG2a, IgM, IgG2b, IgM และ IgG1 ตามลำดับ การระบุเอพิโทป ทำโดยแบ่งชิ้นส่วนสารพันธุกรรม Δ60N_VP1 เป็น 6 ส่วน ได้แก่ Fragment 1(F1), F2, F3, F4 และ Separating 1(S1) และ S2 ซึ่งแยกมาจากชิ้น F1 จากนั้นเพิ่มปริมาณสารพันธุกรรมด้วยไพรเมอร์จำเพาะ และทำการย้ายชิ้นส่วนแต่ละชิ้นเข้าสู่เวกเตอร์ pET28a นำไปชักนำให้เกิดการแสดงออกใน E. coli Rosetta-gami รีคอมบิแนนท์โปรตีนแต่ละชนิดจะถูกใช้เป็นแอนติเจนเพื่อใช้ระบุเอพิโทปต่อโมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดี ด้วยวิธี western blotting analysis ผลการทดลองพบโมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดี ทั้ง 5 โคลน มีความจำเพาะต่อแอนติเจน Δ60N_VP1 และ ไม่เกิดปฏิกิริยาข้ามกับรีคอมบิแนนท์โปรตีนที่มี His-Tag ชนิดอื่น ในการศึกษานี้ใช้ โมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดีชนิด IgG เท่านั้น ที่จะถูกนำไประบุเอพิโทป ผลการทดลองพบว่าโมโนโคลนอลแอนติบอดีโคลนที่ 1 ทำปฏิกริยาจำเพาะกับโปรตีน …


การคัดแยกยีสต์เพื่อผลิตน้ำมันจากไฮโดรไลเสตของใบอ้อย, รัชนา พระนิมิตร 2017 คณะวิทยาศาสตร์

การคัดแยกยีสต์เพื่อผลิตน้ำมันจากไฮโดรไลเสตของใบอ้อย, รัชนา พระนิมิตร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

คัดแยกยีสต์จำนวน 106 ไอโซเลตจากจังหวัดระนอง ประเทศไทย คัดกรองยีสต์ที่สะสมน้ำมันภายในเซลล์สูงโดยการย้อมเซลล์ด้วยสีไนล์เรด (Nile red) พบว่ายีสต์จำนวน 24 ไอโซเลต มีหยดน้ำมันภายในเซลล์ มากกว่า 50% ของปริมาตรเซลล์ และเป็นยีสต์ที่สามารถใช้น้ำตาลไซโลสเป็นแหล่งคาร์บอนเพื่อการเจริญได้ 16 ไอโซเลต น้ำตาลไซโลสเป็นองค์ประกอบหลักในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อยเช่นเดียวกับน้ำตาลกลูโคส ผลการวิเคราะห์ปริมาณน้ำมันที่สะสมภายในเซลล์ของยีสต์16 ไอโซเลตที่คัดกรองได้ โดยเลี้ยงในอาหารที่มีปริมาณกลูโคส 5% (น้ำหนัก/ปริมาตร) แต่มีปริมาณไนโตรเจนจำกัด พบว่าเป็นยีสต์โอลิจินัส (ยีสต์ซึ่งสะสมน้ำมันภายในเซลล์มากกว่า 20% น้ำหนัก/น้ำหนัก ของน้ำหนักแห้งเซลล์) จำนวน 5 สายพันธุ์ คือ Cryptococcus humicola NG2, Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans MG11-12.3, Cyberlindnera subsufficiens NG8.2, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MG11-2.3 และ Yarrowia sp. NG17 ผลการวิจัยนี้นับเป็นการรายงานว่ายีสต์ T. mycotoxinivorans และ C. subsufficiens เป็นยีสต์โอลิจินัสเป็นครั้งแรก แต่เนื่องจากยีสต์ T. mycotoxinivorans เป็นยีสต์ก่อโรคจึงไม่นำมาศึกษาต่อ นำยีสต์ 4 สายพันธุ์ที่คัดกรองได้ มาผลิตน้ำมันโดยเลี้ยงในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อยซึ่งมีปริมาณน้ำตาลกลูโคสและน้ำตาลไซโลสเท่ากับ 18.7 กรัม/ลิตร และ 19.1 กรัม/ลิตร โดยการปรับสภาพด้วยกรดซัลฟูริคเจือจางและย่อยต่อด้วยเอนไซม์เซลลูเลสทางการค้า ผลการเปรียบเทียบปริมาณน้ำมันที่ผลิตได้ในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อยที่ผ่านการปรับด่างเกินเพื่อกำจัดสารยับยั้งการเจริญของยีสต์ และไม่ผ่านการปรับด่างเกิน พบว่ายีสต์ทั้ง 4 สายพันธุ์ผลิตน้ำมันในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อยที่ไม่ผ่านการปรับด่างเกินได้มากกว่า โดย Yarrowia NG17 ผลิตน้ำมันสูงที่สุดเท่ากับ 10.15% น้ำหนัก/น้ำหนักของน้ำหนักเซลล์แห้ง ผลการหาภาวะที่เหมาะสมสำหรับการผลิตน้ำมันของ Yarrowia NG17 โดยแปรผันการเติมและไม่เติม แคลเซียมคลอไรด์ (CaCl2) โพแทสเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟต (KH2PO4) และแมกนีเซียมซัลเฟต (MgSO4) ในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อย พบว่ายีสต์ Yarrowia NG17 มีอัตราการผลิตน้ำมันสูงที่สุดเท่ากับ 1.52 กรัม/ลิตร/วัน เมื่อเจริญในไฮโดรไลเสตใบอ้อยที่ไม่เติมสารอาหารใดๆที่ทดสอบ ผลการแปรผันค่าพีเอชเริ่มต้นช่วง …


What's In A Name? New Bacterial Species And Changes To Taxonomic Status From 2012 Through 2015, Erik Munson, Karen C. Carroll 2017 Marquette University

What's In A Name? New Bacterial Species And Changes To Taxonomic Status From 2012 Through 2015, Erik Munson, Karen C. Carroll

Clinical Lab Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Technological advancements in fields such as molecular genetics and the human microbiome have resulted in an unprecedented recognition of new bacterial genus/species designations by the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Knowledge of designations involving clinically significant bacterial species would benefit clinical microbiologists in the context of emerging pathogens, performance of accurate organism identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In anticipation of subsequent taxonomic changes being compiled by the Journal of Clinical Microbiology on a biannual basis, this compendium summarizes novel species and taxonomic revisions specific to bacteria derived from human clinical specimens from the calendar years 2012 through …


Tissue Specific Microenvironments: A Key Tool For Tissue Engineering And Regenerative Medicine, Patrick C. Sachs, Peter A. Mollica, Robert D. Bruno 2017 Old Dominion University

Tissue Specific Microenvironments: A Key Tool For Tissue Engineering And Regenerative Medicine, Patrick C. Sachs, Peter A. Mollica, Robert D. Bruno

School of Medical Diagnostics & Translational Sciences Publications

The accumulated evidence points to the microenvironment as the primary mediator of cellular fate determination. Comprised of parenchymal cells, stromal cells, structural extracellular matrix proteins, and signaling molecules, the microenvironment is a complex and synergistic edifice that varies tissue to tissue. Furthermore, it has become increasingly clear that the microenvironment plays crucial roles in the establishment and progression of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, cancer, and ageing. Here we review the historical perspectives on the microenvironment, and how it has directed current explorations in tissue engineering. By thoroughly understanding the role of the microenvironment, we can begin to correctly …


Characterization Of A Putative Hemolysin Expressed By Sneathia Amnii, A Preterm Birth-Associated Pathogen, Lizette Carrasco, Kimberly Jefferson 2017 Virginia Commonwealth University

Characterization Of A Putative Hemolysin Expressed By Sneathia Amnii, A Preterm Birth-Associated Pathogen, Lizette Carrasco, Kimberly Jefferson

UROP Posters

The gram-negative bacteria Sneathia amnii is a poorly-characterized commensal of the female urogenital tract frequently associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), amnionitis, and preterm labor. To investigate its potential role in virulence, we sought to identify and characterize virulence determinants produced by S. amnii in an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of infectious preterm birth. Through sequencing of the Sn35 genome (type strain of S. amnii), we identified two genes with amino acid sequence similarity and structural similarity to the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) protein of Bordetella pertussis and its Type Vb transporter. Because S. amnii …


Characterizing Regulatory Factors Of The Sumoylation System, David Quintanar 2017 University of Texas at El Paso

Characterizing Regulatory Factors Of The Sumoylation System, David Quintanar

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The effects that influenzaâ??s seasonal epidemics have on human health and the global economy have been clearly noted; while they are indeed very impressive, the impact of influenza pandemics arguably surpass other known infectious agents. Influenza A virus attaches to, enters, and infect cells by releasing its segmented genome which localize to the nucleus then use the hostâ??s cellular machinery to replicate and create viral progeny. The virus is able to hijack transcriptional components as well as to interact with other known and unknown host proteins which ultimately allows for a balance between cell viability and viral propagation. One known …


Cellular Determinants Of Coronavirus Entry Routes, James Thomas Earnest 2017 Loyola University Chicago

Cellular Determinants Of Coronavirus Entry Routes, James Thomas Earnest

Dissertations

Coronaviruses (CoVs) represent some of the greatest modern threats to global health. CoVs are zoonotic viruses that generally cause respiratory or enteric infections. The ability of CoVs to move between species and into human populations ensures that CoVs will remain important and dangerous pathogens. Therefore, understanding how CoVs infect different hosts is vital to human health.

CoVs are enveloped and must undergo fusion of viral and host membranes to initiate infection. Viral glycoproteins, called Spike (S) proteins, are responsible for host cell binding and carrying out the membrane fusion reaction. S proteins store energy in their folded, pre-fusion conformation that …


Mutual Regulation Of Crp And N(Epsilon)-Lysine Acetylation In Escherichia Coli, Robert James Davis 2017 Loyola University Chicago

Mutual Regulation Of Crp And N(Epsilon)-Lysine Acetylation In Escherichia Coli, Robert James Davis

Dissertations

Post-translational modifications, such as N(epsilon)-lysine acetylation, are known to alter the behavior of transcriptional regulators in eukaryotes, but very little is known about the consequences of acetylation on transcriptional regulation in bacteria. Here, I provide evidence that a global transcriptional regulator of carbon metabolism, cAMP Receptor Protein (CRP), promotes both enzymatic and non-enzymatic lysine acetylation in E. coli. Non-enzymatic lysine acetylation occurs when cells ferment acetate, such as during growth on high concentrations of glucose. Intriguingly, CRP can be non-enzymatically acetylated on several lysines, including lysine 100 (K100). I provide evidence that neutralization of the K100 positive charge, as would …


The Use Of Informativity In The Development Of Robust Viromics-Based Examinations, Siobhan C. Watkins, Catherine Putonti 2017 Loyola University Chicago

The Use Of Informativity In The Development Of Robust Viromics-Based Examinations, Siobhan C. Watkins, Catherine Putonti

Bioinformatics Faculty Publications

Metagenomics-based studies have provided insight into many of the complex microbial communities responsible for maintaining life on this planet. Sequencing efforts often uncover novel genetic content; this is most evident for phage communities, in which upwards of 90% of all sequences exhibit no similarity to any sequence in current data repositories. For the small fraction that can be identified, the top BLAST hit is generally posited as being representative of a viral taxon present in the sample of origin. Homology-based classification, however, can be misleading as sequence repositories capture but a small fraction of phage diversity. Furthermore, lateral gene transfer …


Biomarkers Of Sepsis: A Retrospective Approach, Jose M. Roberts 2017 The University of Akron

Biomarkers Of Sepsis: A Retrospective Approach, Jose M. Roberts

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Background: Biomarkers are taking the spotlight in becoming the norm for early diagnoses. Sepsis is an inflammatory disease that increases metabolic rate in children. The first biomarker is hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is a frequent electrolyte imbalance in clinical practice, often observed in children with inflammatory disease and infection. Presence of hyponatremia is associated with electrical signaling imbalances, inflammation and renal dysfunction. The clinical value of hyponatremia in pediatric patients is unknown. The C-reactive protein is a second biomarker. Its presence signifies that necrotic cells and inflammation are present.

Objectives: To evaluate the use of biomarkers in children seen in the Emergency …


The Effects Of Polyunsaturated Aldehydes On Pelagic Microbial Food Webs In The Chesapeake Bay Area And Atlantic Coastal Waters, Chase Alfman 2017 The University of Akron

The Effects Of Polyunsaturated Aldehydes On Pelagic Microbial Food Webs In The Chesapeake Bay Area And Atlantic Coastal Waters, Chase Alfman

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Diatoms, one of the most common classes of phytoplankton, are autotrophic plankton, and are the primary food source for many organisms. Diatoms play a key role in nearly all oceanic food webs. Under stressful conditions, diatoms can undergo biological changes that produce cytotoxic secondary metabolites such as polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA’s). This process is a form of allelopathy, utilized by many algae as a defense mechanism against predation, as well as to inhibit competitors. Microzooplankton are an essential part of these aquatic food webs as well, as they are a key herbivore in many oceanic environments. A set of experiments was …


Measuring Bacterial Growth Using A 3d-Printable Spectrometer, Samuel R. Bunting 2017 The University of Akron

Measuring Bacterial Growth Using A 3d-Printable Spectrometer, Samuel R. Bunting

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Visible light spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for measuring the growth of bacterial cultures, and growth curves provide broadly important data. However, the equipment and resources required for these experiments has been restricted to higher education and industry due to high cost and sophistication. We have previously reported on an inexpensive, 3D-printable photospectrometer called the SpecPhone. This device utilizes an iPhone as the camera, along with several other, inexpensive additions to make a fully functional spectrometer. Here, the application of the SpecPhone is expanded to the quantification of actively dividing E. coli cultures. Two protocols have been developed; one …


Digital Commons powered by bepress