Comparative Evaluation Of The Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm And Anti-Spore Effects Of Theaflavins And Palmitoyl-Egcg,
2017
Seton Hall University
Comparative Evaluation Of The Antibacterial, Anti-Biofilm And Anti-Spore Effects Of Theaflavins And Palmitoyl-Egcg, Gabriella M. Appice
Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)
Tea, one of the most common beverages, originates from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant. Two major groups of tea are fermented black tea and unfermented green tea. Theaflavins (TFs) are the major polyphenols present in black tea, while mono-palmitoyl-epigallocatechin-gallate (pEGCG) is a modified green tea polyphenol. In this study, the antibacterial effects of TF and pEGCG were evaluated against six selected bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus vulgaris, using an antibacterial assay. A viability assay using SYTOX® staining and flow cytometry was also used to determine the effect of these compounds …
Function Of The Enterobactin Operon Of A. Actinomycetemcomitans In The Presence Of Catecholmines And Iron.,
2017
University of Louisville
Function Of The Enterobactin Operon Of A. Actinomycetemcomitans In The Presence Of Catecholmines And Iron., Taylor Johnson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) possesses a two-component system, QseBC, which is key in biofilm formation/virulence and is activated in the presence of iron-catecholamine complexes. Aa does not synthesize enterobactin, a catechol-based siderophore, yet possesses the machinery for recognition and uptake. We hypothesize that Aa is able to acquire iron by catecholamine mediation through the enterobactin receptor/transporter. Methods: By insertional mutation, we attempted to delete the enterobactin permease from the genome using suicide vector pJT1. A growth curve of truncated mutant ΔfepA was also conducted to observe growth in the presence of iron and catecholamines. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA …
Molecular Analysis Of Β-Lactamase Genes In Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria,
2017
Bowling Green State University
Molecular Analysis Of Β-Lactamase Genes In Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, Neisha Medina Candelaria
Honors Projects
The wide overuse of antibiotics in both the medicine as well as agricultural has lead to a problem with antibiotic resistance. This present research experiment aims to identify various environmental bacterial samples to find antibiotic resistant strains. By looking at these strains we are then able to develop a system to monitor how antibiotic resistance spreads and develops over time. We can then compare different bacteria species to identify any similarities and the prevalence of the resistant strains.
Eliminating Wrong Blood Transfusions - Recent Advances,
2017
Aga Khan University
Eliminating Wrong Blood Transfusions - Recent Advances, Farheen Karim, Salman Naseem Adil
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
No abstract provided.
Production Of Antibodies For Specific Detection Of Dengue Virus-2 By Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy,
2017
University of Southern Mississippi
Production Of Antibodies For Specific Detection Of Dengue Virus-2 By Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, E. Ashley Thompson
Honors Theses
Dengue Virus (DENV) is a flavivirus spread by mosquitoes that are endemic in tropic and subtropic climates. It is the causative pathogen of Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Dengue Shock Syndrome. Besides mosquito transmission, DENV can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. Due to the high expense and expertise needed to run tests like ELISA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based-assays for DENV detection, a rapid, sensitive and cost effective gold nanoparticles mediated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay has been developed as an alternative assay to detect DENV. In this project, I successfully produced a monoclonal antibody that specifically …
The Regulatory Relationship Of Transcriptional Regulators Msab And Cody In Capsule Production In Staphylococcus Aureus,
2017
University of Southern Mississippi
The Regulatory Relationship Of Transcriptional Regulators Msab And Cody In Capsule Production In Staphylococcus Aureus, Brittany L. Trunell
Honors Theses
There are many transcriptional regulators found in pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. Many of these regulators are essential for the organism’s ability to switch from commensal form to the virulent pathogenic form. One of these main regulators is CodY. This regulator has been shown to be responsive to nutrient availability during phases of growth. Additionally, we have recently found that MsaB, the only protein coding ORF of the msaABCR operon, is a putative co-regulator of capsule along with CodY. To explore these regulator interactions, we produced mutations of codY and msaABCR individually and a double mutation of msaABCR/ codY. We have observed …
Range-Wide Prevalence And Impacts Of Pseudocercosporella Inconspicua On Lilium Grayi And An Assessment Of L. Superbum And L. Michauxii As Reservoirs,
2017
East Tennessee State University
Range-Wide Prevalence And Impacts Of Pseudocercosporella Inconspicua On Lilium Grayi And An Assessment Of L. Superbum And L. Michauxii As Reservoirs, Cindy L. Barrett
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lilium grayi (Gray’s Lily), a southern Appalachian endemic species, is threatened by a Lilium-specific fungal pathogen, Pseudocercosporella inconspicua. The disease is characterized by tan lesions that can cause early senescence, while also lowering seed production and viability. This project tested for P. inconspicua conidia and accessed health at nine locations. The disease was present and ubiquitous across the range of L. grayi. Through identification of P. inconspicua conidia in the field, L. superbum (Turk’s Cap Lily) was identified as an additional host, while L. michauxii (Michaux’s Lily) was disease-free. However, infection was inducible in both species. With …
Isolation Of A Mycobacterium Virus With The Infectivity Rate Tested At Various Temperatures,
2017
Bellarmine University
Isolation Of A Mycobacterium Virus With The Infectivity Rate Tested At Various Temperatures, Katie Wegenast
Undergraduate Theses
Isolation techniques developed by the HHMI and the SEA-PHAGES program were used to obtain a bacteriophage from a mixture of loamy clay soil. The sample was retrieved from a forest edge in central Kentucky. The isolate produced large lytic plaques on a lawn of the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis. The bacteriophage was purified, amplified, and analyzed using restriction digest analysis with visualization by gel electrophoresis. Restriction digest analysis suggests the virus belongs to a group known as “A”. Mycobacteriophages are placed into distinct groups based on DNA sequences comparison. The next step in the procedure will be to document with …
The Making Of A Pathogen: Implications Of Phage Domestication In Acinetobacter Baumannii,
2017
Bellarmine University
The Making Of A Pathogen: Implications Of Phage Domestication In Acinetobacter Baumannii, Allison Welp
Undergraduate Theses
Mutations and horizontal gene transfer have allowed for rapid evolution of many species of bacteria, allowing them to become more virulent and resistant to antibiotics. As a result of these changes, Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the most prominent drug-resistant bacteria in hospitals. This nosocomial pathogen is capable of causing a range of infections—from pneumonia to sepsis—and is extremely difficult to eradicate from hospital settings. Despite its current status, this species has not always been apparent in healthcare. The emergence of this organism has been extremely rapid; once an innocuous environmental organism, A. baumannii is now resistant to all …
Non-Capsular Virulence Factors Of Cryptococcus Neoformans,
2017
Liberty University
Non-Capsular Virulence Factors Of Cryptococcus Neoformans, Kirk Nickish
Senior Honors Theses
Cryptococcus neoformans is an emerging pathogen that kills hundreds of thousands every year, especially in underdeveloped areas with little access to modern medical care. New treatments for the disease are needed to shorten treatment and decrease the side effects and costs associated with the drugs currently in use. Many C. neoformans genes have been identified that are necessary for full virulence in the host. Cir1, a regulatory protein associated with iron regulation, and Zip1, a surface zinc transporter, are both necessary for full virulence in the host. Anti-fungals targeted at these proteins or the proteins produced by other genes discussed …
Accumulation And Expression Of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Arcobacter Cryaerophilus That Thrives In Sewage,
2017
Portland State University
Accumulation And Expression Of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Genes In Arcobacter Cryaerophilus That Thrives In Sewage, Jess A. Millar, Rahul Raghavan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
We explored the bacterial diversity of untreated sewage influent samples of a wastewater treatment plant in Tucson, AZ and discovered that Arcobacter cryaerophilus, an emerging human pathogen of animal origin, was the most dominant bacterium. The other highly prevalent bacteria were members of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which are major constituents of human gut microbiome, indicating that bacteria of human and animal origin intermingle in sewage. By assembling a near-complete genome of A. cryaerophilus, we show that the bacterium has accumulated a large number of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) probably enabling it to thrive in the wastewater. We also …
Draft Nuclear Genome Sequence Of The Liquid Hydrocarbon–Accumulating Green Microalga Botryococcus Braunii Race B (Showa),
2017
Texas A&M University
Draft Nuclear Genome Sequence Of The Liquid Hydrocarbon–Accumulating Green Microalga Botryococcus Braunii Race B (Showa), Daniel R. Browne, Jerry Jenkins, Jeremy Schmutz, Shengqiang Shu, Kerrie Barry, Jane Grimwood, Jennifer Chiniquy, Aditi Sharma, Thomas Daniel Niehaus, Taylor L. Weiss, Andrew T. Koppisch, David T. Fox, Suraj Dhungana, Shigeru Okada, Joe Chappell, Timothy P. Devarenne
Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications
Botryococcus braunii has long been known as a prodigious producer of liquid hydrocarbon oils that can be converted into combustion engine fuels. This draft genome for the B race of B. braunii will allow researchers to unravel important hydrocarbon biosynthetic pathways and identify possible regulatory networks controlling this unusual metabolism.
Antimicrobial Properties Of S-Benzofuran-2-Yl Ethanol Produced By Biotransformation,
2017
Stephen F Austin State University
Antimicrobial Properties Of S-Benzofuran-2-Yl Ethanol Produced By Biotransformation, Nick Cheatwood, Ann Davis, Elizabeth Schabeck, Kelsi Hooker, Michele Harris
Undergraduate Research Conference
All living organisms contain enzymes to carry out biological reactions, which produce substances with a specific three dimensional shape. Enantiomers are two molecules that are mirror images of each other just as hands are mirror images of each other. It is well known in the pharmaceutical world that one of the enantiomers (one of the mirrorimage molecules) has a positive biological effect while the other can be harmful or have no effect. Currently, any potential pharmaceutical that could exist as enantiomers must have each enantiomer tested for biological activity prior to FDA approval. In our laboratory, we have focused on …
Impact Of Cations On The Sorption Capabilities Of Kaolin Towards Biofilm-Forming Bacteria,
2017
Georgia College and State University
Impact Of Cations On The Sorption Capabilities Of Kaolin Towards Biofilm-Forming Bacteria, Rachel E. Brineman
Georgia College Student Research Events
Biofilm-forming bacteria cause problems for industries such as medical, food, and water treatment. Due to its heterogeneous charges, kaolin is capable of sorption of these microorganisms. These charges are impacted by pH and cations, which change the electrostatic interactions between kaolin particles and microorganisms. Proper pH and cation composition may lead to enhanced sorption. The impact of Al3+ cations on kaolin sorption of Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and Gram positive (B. megaterium and S. aureus) was investigated. Calcined kaolin and Diatomaceous Earth kaolin, which were selected in previous studies, were incubated in triplicates with the above organisms …
Lysine Residues Of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7
Affect The Replication And Transcription Activatormediated
Lytic Replication Of Kaposi’S Sarcomaassociated
Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8,
2017
Nankai University
Lysine Residues Of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 Affect The Replication And Transcription Activatormediated Lytic Replication Of Kaposi’S Sarcomaassociated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8, Tianzheng Zhang, Ying Wang, Li Zhang, Bin Liu, Jinhui Xie, Charles Wood, Jinzhong Wang
Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection goes through latent and lytic phases, which are controlled by the viral replication and transcription activator (RTA). Upon KSHV infection, the host responds by suppressing RTA-activated lytic gene expression through interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), a key regulator of host innate immune response. Lysine residues are potential sites for post-translational modification of IRF-7, and were suggested to be critical for its activity. In this study, we analysed the 15 lysine residues for their effects on IRF-7 function by site-directed mutagenesis. We found that some mutations affect the ability of IRF-7 to activate interferon (IFN)-a1 and …
Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Akibat Pemberian Pupuk Fosfat Dan Waktu Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat Pada Ultisols Jatinangor,
2017
Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fak. Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran
Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Akibat Pemberian Pupuk Fosfat Dan Waktu Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Mikroba Pelarut Fosfat Pada Ultisols Jatinangor, Agus Wahyudin, Betty Natalie Fitriatin, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Ruminta, A. Rahadiyan
Jurnal Kultivasi
Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman pangan yang mempunyai peranan strategis dalam pembangunan pertanian dan perekonomian Indonesia karena memiliki potensi dalam kebutuhan pangan, pakan, bahan baku industri, dan kerajinan tangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk fosfat dan waktu pengaplikasian pupuk hayati mikroba pelarut fosfat (MPF) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung pada Ultisols Jatinangor. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat +_ 750 meter di atas permukaan laut dan ordo tanah Ultisol, curah hujan rata-rata termasuk tipe C3 menurut Oldeman, dan temperatur udara berkisar antara 22,00 …
Non-Classical Regulators In Staphylococcus Aureus,
2017
University of South Florida
Non-Classical Regulators In Staphylococcus Aureus, Andy Weiss
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly problematic human pathogen due to its ability to cause devastating infections, paired with a capacity to withstand the action of a large fraction of available antibiotics. Both pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance are encoded by numerous genomic elements, though the expression of these factors is energetically costly and not always beneficial for cellular survival. Therefore, S. aureus has developed sophisticated regulatory networks to integrate a multitude of signals, enabling it to navigate the delicate balance between its pathogenic lifestyle and baseline needs for cellular energy homeostasis. It is thus imperative to study S. aureus behavior and …
Does High Relatedness Promote Cheater-Free Multicellularity In Synthetic Lifecycles?,
2017
Washington University in St Louis
Does High Relatedness Promote Cheater-Free Multicellularity In Synthetic Lifecycles?, R F. Inglis, E Ryu, O Asikhia, Joan E. Strassmann, David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
The evolution of multicellularity is one of the key transitions in evolution and requires extreme levels of cooperation between cells. However, even when cells are genetically identical, noncooperative cheating mutants can arise that cause a breakdown in cooperation. How then, do multicellular organisms maintain cooperation between cells? A number of mechanisms that increase relatedness amongst cooperative cells have been implicated in the maintenance of cooperative multicellularity including single-cell bottlenecks and kin recognition. In this study, we explore how relatively simple biological processes such as growth and dispersal can act to increase relatedness and promote multicellular cooperation. Using experimental populations of …
Genomic Analysis Of Factors Associated With Low Prevalence Of Antibiotic Resistance In Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Sequence Type 95 Strains,
2017
Santa Clara University
Genomic Analysis Of Factors Associated With Low Prevalence Of Antibiotic Resistance In Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Sequence Type 95 Strains, Craig M. Stephens, Sheila Adams-Sapper, Manraj Sekhon, James R. Johnson, Lee W. Riley
Biology
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains belonging to multilocus sequence type 95 (ST95) are globally distributed and a common cause of infections in humans and domestic fowl. ST95 isolates generally show a lower prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance than other pandemic ExPEC lineages. We took a genomic approach to identify factors that may underlie reduced resistance. We fully assembled genomes for four ST95 isolates representing the four major fimH-based lineages within ST95 and also analyzed draft-level genomes from another 82 ST95 isolates, largely from the western United States. The fully assembled genomes of antibiotic-resistant isolates carried resistance genes exclusively on …
Exploring Therapeutic Approaches For Marfan Syndrome Associated Aortic Aneurysm,
2017
Midwestern University (Phoenix)
Exploring Therapeutic Approaches For Marfan Syndrome Associated Aortic Aneurysm, Mitra Esfandiarei
Science Seminar Series
Esfandiearei will be discussing her research on understanding the underlying mechanisms contributing to the progression of aortic aneurysm in Marfan syndrome and the protective effects that exercise may have on the disease process in both laboratory animal models and human patients. Her research has been supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Rare Diseases Foundation, and the Marfan Foundation.
